A novel algorithm for evaluating cement azimuthal density based on perturbation theory in horizontal well

Cement density monitoring plays a vital role in evaluating the quality of cementing projects,which is of great significance to the development of oil and gas.However,the presence of inhomogeneous cement distribution and casing eccentricity in horizontal wells often complicates the accurate evaluation of cement azimuthal density.In this regard,this paper proposes an algorithm to calculate the cement azimuthal density in horizontal wells using a multi-detector gamma-ray detection system.The spatial dynamic response functions are simulated to obtain the influence of cement density on gamma-ray counts by the perturbation theory,and the contribution of cement density in six sectors to the gamma-ray recorded by different detectors is obtained by integrating the spatial dynamic response functions.Combined with the relationship between gamma-ray counts and cement density,a multi-parameter calculation equation system is established,and the regularized Newton iteration method is employed to invert casing eccentricity and cement azimuthal density.This approach ensures the stability of the inversion process while simultaneously achieving an accuracy of 0.05 g/cm^(3) for the cement azimuthal density.This accuracy level is ten times higher compared to density accuracy calculated using calibration equations.Overall,this algorithm enhances the accuracy of cement azimuthal density evaluation,provides valuable technical support for the monitoring of cement azimuthal density in the oil and gas industry.

Improvement of the axial trapping effect using azimuthally polarised trapping beam

A dual optical tweezers system, which consists of a doughnut mode optical tweezer （DMOT） with the azimuthally polarised trapping beam and a solid mode optical tweezer （SMOT） with the Gauss trapping beam was constructed to compare the axial trapping effect of DMOT and SMOT. The long-distance axial trapping of ST68 microbubbles （MBs） achieved by DMOT was more stable than that of SMOT. Moreover the axial trapping force measured using the viscous drag method, was depended on the diameter of the particle, the laser power, and the numerical aperture （NA） of the objective lens. The measurement of the axial trapping force and the acquisition of CCD images of trapping effect confirmed that the DMOT showed excellent axial trapping ability than SMOT. A simple and effective method is developed to improve axial trapping effect using the azimuthally polarized beam as trapping beam. This is helpful for the long-distance manipulating of particles especially polarised biological objects in axial direction.

Exact solutions of the Dirac equation with Pschl-Teller double-ring-shaped Coulomb potential via the Nikiforov-Uvarov method

Exact analytical solutions of the Dirac equation are reported for the Poschl-Teller double-ring-shaped Coulomb potential.The radial,polar,and azimuthal parts of the Dirac equation are solved using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method,and the exact bound-state energy eigenvalues and corresponding two-component spinor wavefunctions are reported.

Tight Focusing Properties of Azimuthally Polarized Pair of Vortex Beams through a Dielectric Interface

Tight focusing properties of an azimuthally polarized Gaussian beam with a pair of vortices through a dielectric interface is theoretically investigated by vector diffraction theory. For the incident beam with a pair of vortices of opposite topological charges, the vortices move toward each other, annihilate and revive in the vicinity of focal plane, which results in the generation of many novel focal patterns. The usable focal structures generated through the tight focusing of the double-vortex beams may find applications in micro-particle trapping, manipulation, and material processing, etc.

Bound states of the Schrdinger equation for the Pschl-Teller double-ring-shaped Coulomb potential

Poschl-Teller double-ring-shaped Coulomb （PTDRSC） potential, the Coulomb potential surrounded by PSschl- Teller and double-ring-shaped inversed square potential, is put forward. In spherical polar coordinates, PTDRSC potential has supersymmetry and shape invariance in φ,θ and τ coordinates. By using the method of supersymmetry and shape invariance, exact bound state solutions of Schr6dinger equation with PTDRSC potential are presented. The normalized φ,θ angular wave function expressed in terms of Jacobi polynomials and the normalized radial wave function expressed in terms of Laguerre polynomials are presented. Energy spectrum equations are obtained. Wave function and energy spectrum equations of the system are related to three quantum numbers and parameters of PTDRSC potential. The solutions of wave functions and corresponding eigenvalues are only suitable for the PTDRSC potential.

Creation of Super Long Transversely Polarized Optical Needle Using Azimuthally Polarized Multi Gaussian Beam

The intensity distribution in the focal region of a high-NA lens for the incident azimuthally polarized multi Gaussian beam transmitted through a multi belt spiral phase hologram is studied on the basis of the vector diffraction theory. Here we report a new method used to generate a needle of transversely polarized light beam with sub diffraction beam size of 0.366A that propagates without divergence over a long distance of about 22A in free space. We also expect that such a light needle of transversely polarized beam may find its applications in utilizing optical materials or instruments responsive to the transversal field only.

Azimuthally Anisotropic Emission of Unstable Light Nuclei in Heavy Ion Collisions at Intermediate Energy

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Effect of variations in the polar and azimuthal angles of coarse particles on the structure of drainage channels in thickened beds

The 3D reconstruction and quantitative characterization of drainage channels and coarse tailings particles in a bed were conducted in this study.The influence of variations in the azimuthal angle(θ)and polar angle(φ)of coarse particles on drainage channel structure was analyzed,and the drainage mechanism of the bed was studied.Results showed that water discharge in the bed reduced the size of pores and throat channels,increasing slurry concentration.The throat channel structure was a key component of the drainage process.Theφandθof particles changed predominantly along the length direction.The changes inφhad a cumulative plugging effect on the drainage channel and increased the difficulty of water discharge.The rake and rod formed a shear ring in the tailings bed with shear,and theθdistribution of particles changed from disorderly to orderly during the rotation process.The drainage channel was squeezed during the shearing process with the change inθ,which broke the channel structure,encouraged water discharge in the bed,and facilitated a further increase in slurry concentration.The findings of this work are expected to offer theoretical guidance for preparing high-concentration underflow in the tailings thickening process.

An Investigation of Purely Azimuthal Passive Localization and Position Adjustment in Attempted UAV Formation Flights

When a cluster of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is flying in formation, it is crucial to maintain the formation and not to be interfered by external electromagnetic wave signals. In order to maintain the formation, this paper proposes to use pure azimuth passive positioning to adjust the position of UAVs, i.e., certain UAVs in the formation transmit signals, the rest of the UAVs receive the signals passively, and extract the orientation information from them to adjust the position of the UAVs [1] [2] [3]. In this paper, the position adjustment problem of UAVs in “circular” formation flight under three models is investigated. To address the problem of “how to obtain the position of the receiving UAV when there are two UAVs with known numbers and evenly distributed on the circumference in addition to the UAV transmitting at the known center of the circle, and the rest of the UAVs with slight deviations in their positions are receiving the signals”, two purely mathematical geometric methods, namely, triangular localization method and polar co-ordinate method, are proposed respectively. We have determined the position of the receiving UAV;we have used the exhaustive method and the construction and disproof method to solve the problem of “how many UAVs are needed to transmit signals in order to realize the effective positioning of the UAVs when it is known that a certain UAV with a slight deviation in its position receives the signals emitted by two UAVs at the same time”, and the results show that: in addition to the known signals emitted by two UAVs, it is also necessary to transmit the signals emitted by two UAVs. The results show that in addition to the known two UAVs transmitting signals, two additional UAVs are required to transmit signals for precise po-sitioning. When the position of UAVs has deviation at the initial moment, the ideal approximation method and the target delimitation method are pro-posed, and the target of nine UAVs uniformly distributed on a circle of a spe-cific radius is achieved through several adjustments, after which the ad-vantages and disadvantages of each model are analyzed, and suggestions for improvement are put forward. The purely azimuthal passive localization method and the constructed model approach proposed in this paper can be extended to other fields, such as spacecraft formations in space and battle-ship formations at sea, as well as other formation flight position adjustment problems.

地震叠后和叠前混合驱动下的页岩油储层多尺度裂缝预测方法

不同尺度、不同类型的天然裂缝的系统性表征有利于识别优质储层、改进开发效果.建立可靠的多尺度裂缝模型是提高页岩油储层钻遇率的重要依据,其关键在于精细预测小尺度裂缝的空间分布,指导钻井钻进和压裂过程.然而,基于地震属性的传统裂缝预测方法只能各自突出单一尺度的断裂,不同裂缝属性的数学独立性给综合裂缝系统的识别带来严峻挑战.我们提出一套改进的全尺度裂缝系统评估方案,其关键在于通过优化的各向异性蚁群裂缝识别算法确定小尺度裂缝的发育概率,将小尺度裂缝的发育概率与传统蚂蚁追踪产生的大尺度断层的概率进行融合,得到的综合裂缝系统可以实现全尺度裂缝的感知.详细的属性分析过程表明,方位各向异性能够精确描述微观裂缝特征.基于此,我们将各向异性分析得到的裂缝密度和裂缝走向融入蚁群追踪裂缝的各个阶段,在提高裂缝密集区搜索强度的同时,还对小断距裂缝的发育方向实现了精准刻画.针对页岩油藏的应用案例证明,根据改进方案得到的全尺度裂缝系统能够同时表征大尺度断层、小裂缝和裂缝破碎带的分布情况.研究区的成像测井结果进一步验证了小尺度裂缝预测发育方向的准确性及可靠性,能够为页岩油水平井开发部署提供理论指导.

钻孔瞬变电磁法方位线圈扫描探测定位方法

利用掘进巷道超前探水钻孔进行钻孔瞬变电磁法探测钻孔孔壁外围远距离含水体,避免了常规测井方法仅能探测钻孔孔壁岩层的“一孔之见”。目前钻孔瞬变电磁法受全空间效应的影响,接收到的单分量响应不能判别异常体方位;多分量响应可以近似判断异常体的大致方位,但难以通过成像等直观有效的方法对其进行精确定位。基于钻孔瞬变电磁法和方位电磁波测井相关理论,提出了钻孔瞬变电磁法方位线圈扫描探测定位方法,采用方位线圈作为探测装置,减小线圈互感,增强钻孔瞬变电磁法的探测效果。同时,通过改变线圈旋转角,对钻孔孔壁进行360°扫描,形成钻孔径向全方位探测,旨在对钻孔孔壁外围岩体中的低阻体进行精确定位。首先推导方位线圈的互感解析表达式,探讨方位角对方位线圈互感的影响,通过数值计算确定最佳方位角取值。分别建立均匀介质和含低阻异常体的钻孔全空间三维地质-地球物理模型进行瞬变电磁场数值模拟,分析方位线圈的瞬变电磁法扫描探测多分量响应特征,总结方位线圈扫描探测瞬变电磁响应规律,确定了钻孔瞬变电磁法方位线圈扫描探测定位方法,即通过钻孔轴向和径向的瞬变电磁响应特征判别钻孔孔壁外围岩体中低阻异常体的位置。最后建立含2个低阻体的地质-地球物理模型,采用最佳方位角的方位线圈进行数值实验,验证了该方法能有效地判别低阻异常体的方位。研究表明:钻孔瞬变电磁法方位线圈扫描探测结果可以较好地反映钻孔径向外围岩体中低阻异常体引起的瞬变电磁场异常,全空间视电阻率成像结果分辨率较高。依据钻孔轴向和径向的瞬变电磁响应特征,钻孔瞬变电磁法方位线圈扫描探测定位方法对钻孔孔壁外围岩体中的低阻异常体具有较高的分辨率及定位精度。研究结果可以为钻孔瞬变电磁法方位线圈扫描探测定位方法的实际应用提供理论依据。

一种基于窄带滤波的井下宽带地震计方位角检测方法

井下地震观测能够避开地表的各种干扰,有效提高地震观测信号的信噪比。井下宽带地震计的安装方位角可以是任意方位的,需要通过对比地表标准地震计的安装方位来进行校正。本文提出一种窄带滤波优选检测方法,同时计算两台地震计NS方向和EW方向的相对方位角和相关系数,通过优选相对方位角度差不大于1.2°且相关系数大于0.995的计算结果进行平均计算,可以快速得到两台宽带地震计之间的相对安装方位角。通过对河南睢县地震台和内蒙古伊春地震台安装现场记录的地震信号和地球脉动信号进行对比,验证了窄带滤波优选检测方法是可行的。该方法的优点是可以用一晚的记录数据来计算得到两台地震计之间的相对方位角,该方法可用于井下宽带地震计安装时的方位校正,也可以用于地表地震计之间对齐误差的测试。

一种角向传输线B-dot标定平台的设计

基于感应电压叠加器感应腔角向传输线电流探头离线标定的需求,设计了离线标定平台。离线标定平台为平板传输线结构,与在线标定相比,对标定信号的畸变更低。分析了跨平台标定误差的来源,并针对性提出降低误差的措施。分析表明,安装偏心及探头纵向安装深度是跨平台标定误差的最大来源,需要在工程设计中重点关注。实际建立了离线标定平台并开展误差分析,得到跨平台标定误差3.3%的结果。

准噶尔盆地复杂山地区分方位地震处理关键技术及应用

准噶尔盆地南缘山前冲断带是我国西部重要的油气勘探领域,构造复杂,逆冲断裂发育特征为油气勘探带来巨大挑战。随“两宽一高”资料的普及,全方位处理模式愈发难以满足深层精细勘探的需求。本文以安集海背斜为例,对下组合方位各向异性问题,提出一套完整的分方位处理流程,包括分方位速度分析、分方位全局寻优剩余静校正、OVT域叠前时间偏移及加权叠加技术。这些技术的应用有效地改善了该地区断点断裂不清晰和构造样式存在多解性的问题,具一定生产推广价值。

机场净空保护区障碍物空间信息计算方法研究与程序实现

机场净空保护区涉及机场安全,其范围内障碍物的高度不得超过机场限高要求,机场在规划建设时,应对机场周边区域障碍物进行测量;机场净空保护区内新建项目,也需要测量,并计算其空间信息。根据障碍物空间信息的测量内容和计算原理,开发了通用机场障碍物计算系统,对外业测量的障碍物成果数据进行处理,计算障碍物的磁方位角、距离、遮蔽角等信息,实现了快速计算和成果输出。

海南翁田台地电场数据质量及频谱分析

地电场观测系统的观测对象是地电场强度矢量,其目的是通过观测地表的地电场强度,探索地震前地电场的变化,获得地下电性结构及其变化规律,开展孕震过程中大地电场的变化特征研究。本文对翁田台地电场自建台以来的数据进行了详细的梳理,通过计算差值和相关系数来分析数据自运行以来的质量情况,总结数据质量较好的原因,并对下一步如何提高数据质量给出一些建议。翁田台地电场观测数据曲线存在明显1峰1谷的日变形态,对其进行频谱分析,优势周期为24、12、6 h,以24 h为主。运用优势方位角的方法计算发现,2017—2018年优势方位角存在收窄和偏转现象,对该异常进行了分析与探讨。

多子阵SAS方位空变运动补偿子孔径算法

为解决方位空变的侧摆和偏航误差存在情形下合成孔径声纳的快速运动补偿与成像问题,提出一种多子阵合成孔径声纳方位空变运动补偿子孔径算法。首先,建立运动误差存在情形下的双程距离历程模型,并利用泰勒级数展开对双根号形式距离历程进行近似;然后,利用子孔径运动补偿和单基等效处理,将含有方位空变的侧摆和偏航误差的多子阵回波数据转换为理想的单阵回波数据;最后,利用经典的单阵频域逐线成像算法,实现快速运动补偿和高分辨成像。仿真实验与实测数据成像结果均验证了所提算法的有效性。

基于正则化约束的方位伽马成像测井分辨率提高方法

随钻方位伽马测井可以用于地层放射性强度分析及地质导向、储层界面识别,但受到统计误差的影响非常大,曲线和成像分辨率不高,特别是在对比度不高的地层中,这种影响更明显。为了提高随钻方位伽马测井的成像分辨率,提出一种基于仪器响应特性对方位伽马数据进行正则化处理的方法,以获得更准确的地层放射性强度。首先根据探测器响应原理,采用数值模拟和实验方法得到方位伽马测井的响应灵敏函数,并验证得到的灵敏因子的准确性。然后,通过构造正则化计算公式、调整计算参数对测量的原始方位伽马数据进行处理。结果表明:经该方法处理后得到方位伽马曲线的聚焦性能、对比度得到提高,避免了过去使用线性求解方法所导致的过拟合问题,且伽马成像分辨率有显著增强,薄层识别能力也得到一定改善。该方法能够提供更加准确和清晰的成像结果,提高仪器的地质导向能力和储层钻遇率。

面向海流反演的多普勒散射计天线转速优化方法

本文针对多普勒散射计天线转速过快或者过慢导致海流反演精度较低甚至无法进行海流反演的问题,提出了一种面向海流反演的天线转速优化方法。该方法以研究区域内被天线波束覆盖3次或者4次的目标海面数量为目标函数,以顺轨与交轨方向的波束足印连续性、空间分辨率要求作为约束条件,结合天线转速与天线扫描损耗的关系,建立了非线性约束下的多普勒散射计天线转速优化模型,利用优化得到的天线转速计算得到每个目标海面的观测方位向组合。利用海洋表面流实时分析数据,采用基于观测方位向优选的矢量流合成方法进行了海流反演实验。结果表明,在天线转速为20 r·min^(-1)时,不同研究区域内被雷达内、外波束足印覆盖到3次或者4次的目标海面数量占总目标海面数量的80%以上,反演得到的流速、流向标准差小于0.1 m·s^(-1)、20°,满足海洋工程应用对海流观测的精度需求。

基于扫描旋转同步运动的三维成像方法

为满足在役战机隐身性能的快速检测需求,提出了一种基于垂直扫描、方位旋转同步运动的三维成像方法。成像系统主要由射频收发设备、收发天线对、竖直方向导轨、转台和数据处理终端构成。天线发射频率步进信号时,对转台上的被测目标进行水平旋转,同时,收发天线对在垂直方向上扫描被测目标。以点目标组合为例,通过理论分析和仿真计算,确定该成像系统的参数配置,比较不同参数配置下系统的三维成像性能。仿真结果表明:采用垂直扫描、方位旋转同步运动方法能够实现三维成像,该方法与经典圆柱面扫描方法相比,扫描时间可缩短92%,同时保持11 dB峰值旁瓣比率。所提方法具有测试效率高、系统搭建简单、易于调节的特点,为服役阶段的隐身飞机散射源诊断提供了一种有效的测量方法选择。