Smashing Tissue Extraction of Flavonoids in Lophatherum gracileSmashing Tissue Extraction of Flavonoids in Lophatherum gracile

Objective] The study aimed to optimize the procedures for flavonoids ex-traction from of Lophatherum gracile. [Method] The powder of L. gracile leaf （3.0 g） was weighed and extracted fol owing an orthogonal design including the solid-liquid ratio, extraction time, extraction times and soaking time at three levels. [Result] The optimal parameters were solid-liquid ratio at 1：40, extraction time of 40 s, extraction times of two times and soaking time of 40 min. [Conclusion] Smashing tissue ex-traction of flavonoids is rapid and efficient, which provides a new method for the development and utilization of L. gracile.

On the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Rice under Smashing Ridge Tillage

Two-line super hybrid rice （Oryza sativa L.） Guiliangyou 2 was taken as the experimental variety, the growth and physiological characteristics of rice under conventional tillage and smashing ridge tillage were compared based on field re- search. The results showed that smashing ridge tillage was beneficial to the tillering growth of rice plants in the the middle and later periods of tillering; under the tillage mode, the white root was more, the vigour was strong during the whole growing period, the SPAD was extremely significantly higher than that of conventional tillage, the net photosynthetic rate of the leaves was high and held green long, which were beneficial to the production and accumulation of photoassimilates; during mature pe- riod, the dry matter accumulation of the overground part under smashing ridge tillage was significantly higher than that of conventional tillage, and the number of productive ears under smashing ridge tillage was more than that of conventional tillage by 27.6×10^4/hm2, thus, the yield-increasing effect was significant and in- creased by 20.36%.

The Salt Reduction and Yield Increase Effects of Smashing Ridging Transforming Saline-alkali Land and Its Development Prospects

Using smashing ridging tillage machine and smashing ridging technology invented by the authors, transformation test of saline-alkali land by smashing ridging was conducted respectively in Xinjiang and Shaanxi during 2015 -2016. The results showed, in severe saline-alkali soil of Xin-jiang ,after growing cotton by smashing ridging, total salt in soil decreased by 31.31 %, cotton production increased by 48.80%, and salinity level declined from severe to moderate; in mild saline-alkali soil of Shaanxi, after growing summer corn by smashing ridging, total salt in soil decreased by 42.37%, corn yield increased by 34.83%, salinity degree changed from mild desalination to normal farmland ; in Ningxia, Inner Mongolia 7 Gansu ,Jilin, Henan, Hebei, and so on, smashing ridging tillage practice in different types of saline-alkali land was conducted ; according to the salt reduction and yield increase effects of saline-alkali land after smashing ridging, the development prospect of smashing ridging technique in improvement and application of saline-alkali land was proposed.

A Double-Stage Surrogate-Based Shape Optimization Strategy for Blended-Wing-Body Underwater Gliders

In this paper,a Double-stage Surrogate-based Shape Optimization(DSSO)strategy for Blended-Wing-Body Underwater Gliders(BWBUGs)is proposed to reduce the computational cost.In this strategy,a double-stage surrogate model is developed to replace the high-dimensional objective in shape optimization.Specifically,several First-stage Surrogate Models(FSMs)are built for the sectional airfoils,and the second-stage surrogate model is constructed with respect to the outputs of FSMs.Besides,a Multi-start Space Reduction surrogate-based global optimization method is applied to search for the optimum.In order to validate the efficiency of the proposed method,DSSO is first compared with an ordinary One-stage Surrogate-based Optimization strategy by using the same optimization method.Then,the other three popular surrogate-based optimization methods and three heuristic algorithms are utilized to make comparisons.Results indicate that the lift-to-drag ratio of the BWBUG is improved by 9.35%with DSSO,which outperforms the comparison methods.Besides,DSSO reduces more than 50%of the time that other methods used when obtaining the same level of results.Furthermore,some considerations of the proposed strategy are further discussed and some characteristics of DSSO are identified.

微咸水灌溉下粉垄耕作土壤水盐运移特性

【目的】明确微咸水灌溉条件下粉垄耕作土壤水分入渗规律及水盐运移特征。【方法】基于室内土箱试验,分析3种微咸水矿化度(0g/L(S1)、3g/L(S2)和5g/L(S3))和2种耕作(粉垄耕作(FL)和传统翻耕(FG))条件下的土壤水分入渗特征和水盐运移规律。【结果】水分平均入渗速率和垂直湿润锋推进速率随着微咸水矿化度的升高呈先增大后减小的变化趋势,水平湿润锋运移速度随着微咸水矿化度的升高而持续增加。FL处理下的土壤水分入渗速率、湿润锋推进速率相比FG处理有明显提升。Kostiakov模型可较好地拟合2种耕作措施下的土壤累积入渗量与入渗时间之间的关系(R^(2)>0.99)。灌溉后20 d,FL处理下的土壤含水率均小于相同微咸水矿化度下的FG处理;同一耕作措施下,土壤含水率随着微咸水矿化度的升高而增加。【结论】微咸水灌溉与粉垄耕作对土壤水分入渗、土壤湿润锋运移和土壤水盐再分布具有改善作用。与灌溉前相比,灌溉后20 d,FL处理下的土壤平均脱盐率为42.95%~55.98%,而FG处理下的土壤平均脱盐率为32.34%~43.29%。随着矿化度的增加,FL处理下的平均土壤电导率相比FG处理分别下降22.38%、18.54%和15.68%。

L-R扭曲Smash余积及其广义结构

主要给出L-R扭曲Smash余积,同时构造广义L-R扭曲Smash积和广义L-R扭曲Smash余积.

Smash积代数和量子模范畴中的Hopf代数的新对偶

本文引入模代数的一种新对偶,它推广了代数的有限对偶概念,并证明:通过这种新对偶,模代数的对偶为余模余代数,从而形成Smash余积,而且证明了Smash积的对偶是Smash余积,即有(A#H)~0 _HA^0×H^0余代数同构,最后证明量子模范畴中的Hopf代数通过这种新对偶是自对偶的。

弱Hopf代数上的扭曲弱Smash积

将扭曲Smash积H*A推广到弱Hopf代数上,证明了弱Smash积、弱Drinfel量子偶、双重交叉积D(H,Acop)均是扭曲弱Smash积代数的特殊情况,并且给出了H*A构成弱Hopf代数的一个充分条件.

有机无机肥配施对江苏滨海盐碱土农田生产力和碳库的影响

[目的]有机肥施用是江苏滨海轻度盐碱地主要的改土提质技术,本试验通过研究在有机替代模式下夏玉米种植系统农田生产力和土壤碳库的变化特征,探索在粉垄耕作模式下有机肥还田同氮肥减量的最佳比例。[方法]按照等氮量投入原则,以当地氮肥施用(CK)为对照,设置25%有机肥+75%氮肥(CT25)、50%有机肥+50%氮肥(CT50)、75%有机肥+25%氮肥(CT75)、有机肥全量替代氮肥(CT100)处理,开展粉垄耕作模式下不同比例有机肥替代氮肥玉米种植田间试验,对玉米农田生产力和土壤碳库指标进行测定。[结果]与氮肥全量施用相比,有机肥替代化肥比例在25%~50%时,玉米籽粒产量可增加8.74%~11.21%,其中CT25处理的玉米光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))显著增加,土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量均较单施氮肥显著增加,有机替代比例超过50%以上时玉米产量和土壤养分较纯施氮肥无显著变化。相较于纯施氮肥,有机肥替代比例在25%~75%时土壤碳储量提升9.47%~14.61%,这主要依赖于土壤有机碳含量和容重的显著增加。土壤有机碳含量和玉米产量呈显著的正相关关系。[结论]粉垄耕作模式条件下,有机肥替代氮肥在25%~50%可以显著改善土壤理化性质,增加土壤碳储量,提升农田生产力,可作为江苏滨海旱作玉米种植推荐施肥技术。

Smash积为单环、素环、本原环的充要条件

本文对任意群Ｇ及任意的Ｇ一分环次Ａ（不必含有单位元），讨论了Ａ与Ｓｍａａｓｈ积的相关性质，给出了环是单环，素环及本原环的刻划。

模的Smash Product及分次迹和分次余迹

在群分次环的分次模范畴上定义了分次迹、分次余迹和分次模的ＳｍａｓｈＰｒｏｄｕｃｔ，证明了关于迹与余迹的许多结论对分次迹与分次余迹仍成立．对任一分次模Ｍ，给出了Ｍ的分次迹、分次余迹的ＳｍａｓｈＰｒｏｄｕｃｔ与Ｍ的ＳｍａｓｈＰｒｏｄｕｃｔ的迹和余迹之间的关系，从而统一和推广了关于分次Ｂｅａｒ根及分次Ｊａｃｏｂｓｏｎ根的ＳｍａｓｈＰｒｏｄｕｃｔ的刻划，同时还刻划了ＳｍａｓｈＰｒｏｄｕｃｔ函子与函子（）＊之间的关系．

广义Smash积与Smash余积之间的新对偶(英文)

主要证明余代数H(A#B)0和余代数HA0×HB0同构,其中H(A#B)0是广义Sm ash积A#B的新对偶,HA0×HB0是广义Sm ash余积.

模与G-集的Smash Products

对任意可迁 G-集 A,讨论了 G-分次环与 A的 Smash Products,定义并研究了 G-分次环与 G-集的Smash Products,推广了关于分次迹 ,余迹的 Smash

双模代数的L-R扭Smash积(英文)

在这篇文章中,我们对H双模代数构造了一个新的代数A#H,称之为L-R扭Samsh积,并且给出了这个代数的Maschke定理．

弱Hopf代数的扭曲的Smash积及Smash余积

构筑了弱 Hopf代数的扭曲的 Smash积和 Smash余积 ,并研究了它们的混合积 ,进一步证明了它们也是弱 Hopf代数 .最后 ,给出了这类弱 Hopf代数 (余 )交换的充要条件 .

一个与G－分次环和G－集的Smash积有关的Maschke－Type定理

对任意群Ｇ，［１］研究了有单位元１的Ｇ－分次环与有限可迁Ｇ－集的Ｓｍａｓｈ积．在本文中，我们对任意可迁Ｇ－集Ａ讨论了具有局部单位元的Ｇ－分次环与Ｇ－集Ａ的Ｓｍａｓｈ积，证明了有关的一个Ｍａｓｃｈｋｅ－ｔｙＰｅ定理．推广了［２］［３］中的一些重要结果．

并行磁共振成像SMASH算法的C++语言实现

对并行磁共振成像的k空间域SMASH算法进行了研究,提出了具体的工程实现方法.用C++语言创建了SMASH算法类,该类实现了5种功能:读入k空间数据,计算线圈灵敏度,求解谐波系数,拟合生成未采集的k空间数据,然后用逆傅立叶变换重建得到图像.对原始数据的重建结果表明:该算法类可以成功重建图像,为并行MRI图像重建算法在工程实现中提供了重要参考.

(ω,σ)-Smash积积和和(ν,α)-Smash余余积积

设B,H是两个Hopf代数,构造了(ω,σ)-Smash积Bω#σH和(ν,α)-Smash余积Bν■αH,并给出了Bω#σH是Hopf代数和Bν■αH是双代数的充要条件,证明了许多已知的积和余积是它们的特殊情况.

Gr-Morita对偶与Smash积

设G是群,e是G的单位元。R=■R_σ和A=■A_σ都是G-型分次环且有单位元,R#G和A#G分别为其Smash积。_RU_A是G-型分次(R,A)-双模。令W=(U_(στ)-1)■是(σ,τ)-位置取U_(στ)-1的元素的矩阵全体的集合且其中每一矩阵的非零元素只有有限个。按矩阵运算,W是(R#G,A#G)-双模。本文主要结论是:若_RU_A定义了一个gr-Morita对偶,则函子■_(R#G)(,W)=Hom_(R#G)(,W)A#G和■_(A#G)( ,W)=R#G Hom_(A#G)( ,W)定义了一个Morita对偶。

果浆酶Pectinex SMASH澄清香蕉汁的机理

探讨了PectinexSMASH澄清香蕉汁的机理。研究表明,香蕉汁悬浮颗粒主要是由蛋白质与碳水化合物组成,在酸性条件下,带正电荷的蛋白质被带负电荷的果胶包裹形成稳定的混浊体系。澄清前悬浮颗粒的平均粒径为0236μm,属于胶体分散体系,果汁混浊。经PectinexSMASH处理后,悬浮颗粒中果胶被降解从而聚合度降低,悬浮颗粒中带正电荷的蛋白质暴露出来,颗粒Zeta电位降低。带不同电荷的颗粒相互吸引聚集增大,澄清60min时颗粒平均粒径为16986μm,属于不稳定的粗分散体系而容易发生凝沉。通过透射电镜观察发现,香蕉汁悬浮颗粒在澄清前彼此分散且粒径小,澄清后颗粒通过网络结构形成交联聚集体,香蕉汁因悬浮颗粒聚集凝沉而澄清,证实了前人提出的果胶酶澄清果汁的模型。