Passively mode-locked 2-μm Tm:YAP laser with a double-wall carbon nanotube absorber

We report on a diode-pumped passively continuous wave （cw） mode-locked Tm：YAP laser with a double-wall carbon nanotube （DWCNT） absorber operating at a wavelength of 2023 nm for the first time, to the best our knowledge. The DWCNT absorber is fabricated on a hydrophilic quartz substrate by using the vertical evaporation technique. The output power is as high as 375 mW. A stable pulse train with a repetition rate of 72.26 MHz is generated with a highest single pulse energy of 5.2 μJ.

Experimental Study and Numerical Simulation of Hypervelocity Projectile Impact on Double-Wall Structure

Tests of hypervelocity projectile impact on double-wall structure were performed with the front wall ranging from 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm thick and different impact velocities. Smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code in LS-DYNA was employed for the simulation of hypervelocity impact on the double-wall structure. By using elementary shock wave theory, the experimental results above are analyzed. The analysis can provide an explanation for the penetration mechanism of hypervelocity projectile impact on double-wall structure about the effect of front wall thickness and impact velocity..

A Continuum Shell Model Including van derWaals Interaction for Free Vibrations of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

This paper proposes the free vibration analysis of Double-Walled Carbon NanoTubes(DWCNTs).A continuum elastic three-dimensional shell model is used for natural frequency investigation of simply supported DWCNTs.The 3D shell method is compared with beam analyses to show the applicability limits of 1D beam models.The effect of van der Waals interaction between the two cylinders is shown for different Carbon NanoTube(CNT)lengths and vibration modes.Results give the van der Waals interaction effect in terms of frequency values.In order to apply the 3D shell continuum model,DWCNTs are defined as two concentric isotropic cylinders(with an equivalent thickness and Young modulus)which can be linked by means of the interlaminar continuity conditions or by means of an infinitesimal fictitious layer which represents the van der Waals interaction.

Three-dimensional modelling of shear keys in concrete gravity dams using an advanced grillage method

Contraction joint shear keys are resilient features of gravity dams that can be considered to increase the sliding safety factors or minimise seismic residual sliding displacements,allowing costly remedial actions to be avoided.This paper presents a novel,robust,and computationally efficient three-dimensional(3D)modelling and simulation strategy of gravity dams,using a series of adjacent cantilever beam elements to represent individual monoliths.These monoliths are interconnected in the longitudinal direction by 3D no-tension link elements representing the lumped shear key stiffness contributions at a particular elevation.The objective is to assess the shear key internal force demands,including the axial force,shear,and moment demands.Shear key demand-capacity ratios can then be assessed with related multi-axial failure envelopes.The 3D link element stiffness coefficients were derived from a series of 3D finite element(FE)solid models with a detailed representation of geometrical features of multiple shear keys.The results from the proposed method based on advanced grillage analysis show strong agreement with reference solutions from 3D FE solid models,demonstrating high accuracy and performance of the proposed method.The application of the proposed advanced grillage method to a dam model with two monoliths clearly shows the advantage of the proposed method,in comparison to the classical approach used in practise.

Consecutive hybrid mechanism boosting Na+storage performance of dual-confined SnSe2 in N,Se-doping double-walled hollow carbon spheres

Rationally designed hierarchical structures and heteroatomic doping of carbon are effective strategies to enhance the stability and electrical conductivity of materials.Herein,SnSe_(2)flakes were generated in the double-walled hollow carbon spheres(DWHCSs),in which N and Se atoms were doped in the carbon walls,to construct SnSe_(2)@N,Se-DWHCSs by confined growth and in-situ derivatization.The N and Sedoped DWHCSs can effectively limit the size increase of SnSe_(2),promote ion diffusion kinetics,and buffer volume expansion,which can be proved by electron microscope observation and density functional theory calculation.Consequently,the SnSe_(2)@N,Se-DWHCSs as an anode material for sodium ion batteries(SIBs)demonstrated a distinguished reversible capacity of 322.8 mAh g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1)after 1000 cycles and a superior rate ability of 235.3 m Ah g^(-1)at an ultrahigh rate of 15 A g^(-1).Furthermore,the structure evolution and electrochemical reaction processes of SnSe2@N,Se-DWHCSs in SIBs were analyzed by exsitu methods,which confirmed the consecutive hybrid mechanism and the phase transition process.

Properties of the incandescent light emitted from double-walled carbon nanotube filament

We have studied the radiation of a double-walled carbon nanotube （DWNT） filament with a length of 4.5 mm and a diameter of 10μm by applying an electric current through the filament. The DWNT filament starts emitting incandescent light at voltage U =6V. Emission spectra of the DWNT below temperature 1250K can well be fitted to those of the blackbody radiation. The intensity of the incandescent light shows an exponential dependence on the voltage applied on the DWNT filaments. The resistance of the DWNT filaments is very stable at high temperatures between 900 and 1250 K during the emission of light in the experiments.

Reasons and countermeasures for “marking problem” during the production of double-walled copper-brazed steel tubes

This study explores the reasons underlying the frequent appearance of ＂marking problem＂ during the production of double-walled copper-brazed steel tubes. To this end, we compared two types of copper-coated steel strips, of which one has almost no problem during production, whereas the other has higher number of incidences of ＂marking problem＂. We analyzed the chemical composition,mechanical properties,the cross-sectional metallographs, and surface quality of the trimmed edge in both types of specimen. After the roll forming process, the bonding condition between the steel layers of the tubes before and after brazing process has also been examined. Results indicate that the chemical composition and mechanical properties of the two kinds of strips are similar; however, the edge quality of the trimmed strips is significantly different. It is believed that the irregular shape of the edge portions in the strips will be more pronounced during the bevel treatment. Consequently, smooth and tight seams cannot be guaranteed by such uneven beveled edges,which lead to higher number of incidences of ＂marking problem＂ during production.

Experimental Investigation on Space-dispersed Double-wall Jet Combustion System for DI Diesel Engine

A space-dispersed double-wall jet combustion system was developed by adopting the wall-guiding spray method and the stratification theory.The experimental test was carried out to optimize the structural parameters of the diesel-engine combustion system,including chamber structure,swirl ratio of cylinder head,included angle of jet orifice,number and diameter of jet orifice,fuel injection pressure and timing.The effect of double-wall jet combustion system on combustion and engine performance was tested to obtain the best performance indexes,and the double-wall jet combustion system was compared to the prototype.The results show that NOx is reduced from 712 PPm to 487 PPm at 2 100 r/min,and from 593 PPm to 369 PPm at 3 000 r/min,which are reduced by 31.6% and 37.7%,respectively.The smoke intensity was reduced form 3.67 BSU to 2.1 BSU,and the oil consumption was reduced from 240.5 g/(kW·h) to 225.4 g/(kW·h),which was decreased by 6.3% at low speed.The pressure in the cylinder was obviously reduced from 115 bar to 108 bar,which was reduced by 6%.

Pullout Behavior of Large-diameter Collapsed Double-walled Carbon Nanotubes

The pullout behavior of large-diameter collapsed double-walled carbon nanotubes（DWCNT） was studied by molecular dynamics simulations and compared with those in the circular cross-sectioned state. The pullout force-displacement curves of both are in good agreement with the same mean value of the pullout force during the steady pullout stage. The pullout force was mainly due to the formation of new surfaces; the friction between nested walls was negligible. The effects of different chiral combinations and inter-wall spacings on the pullout behavior for both section situations were investigated. The commensurate（zigzag/zigzag or armchair/armchair） bi-tube systems have a larger fluctuation in the pullout force. The smaller interspacing implies lower mean pullout force with stronger fluctuations.

Critical Length of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Based Oscillators

The critical lengths of an oscillator based on double-walled carbon nanotubes(DWCNTs)are studied by energy minimization and molecular dynamics simulation.Van der Waals(vdW)potential energy in DWCNTs is shown to be changed periodically with the lattice matching of the inner and outer tubes by using atomistic models with energy minimization method.If the coincidence length between the inner and outer tubes is long enough,the restoring force cannot drive the DWCNT to slide over the vdW potential barrier to assure the DWCNT acts as an oscillator.The critical coincidence lengths of the oscillators are predicted by a very simple equation and then confirmed with energy minimization method for both the zigzag/zigzag system and the armchair/armchair system.The critical length of the armchair/armchair system is much larger than that of the zigzag/zigzag system.The vdW potential energy fluctuation of the armchair/armchair system is weaker than that of the zigzag/zigzag system.So it is easier to slide over the barrier for the armchair/armchair system.The critical lengths of zigzag/zigzag DWCNTbased oscillator are found increasing along with temperature,by molecular dynamics simulations.

冲击荷载作用下井字梁楼盖的减振加固试验研究

针对大型动力设备运行时引起某工业厂房井字梁楼盖竖向振动的超限问题,采用增大刚度法(增加板厚和井字梁高度),通过缩尺模型试验研究了冲击荷载作用下井字梁楼盖结构的减振效果,推导出了局部井字梁楼盖结构的缩尺模型与原型结构物理量之间的相似关系,获得了试件的自振频率、动力响应等参数,并将试验结果与ABAQUS有限元模拟结果进行了对比分析。结果表明:适当增加板厚和井字梁高度均能有效降低井字梁楼盖的竖向振动加速度;相比于增加板厚的加固方法,增加井字梁高度的减振效果更佳;缩尺模型试件的实测与模拟竖向振动加速度的变化趋势基本一致,验证了缩尺模型与原型结构物理量之间相似关系的准确性和缩尺模型的有效性。

预应力混凝土连续箱梁单梁模型与梁格模型有限元对比分析与研究

以某预应力混凝土变截面连续箱梁为研究对象,采用MIDAS Civil对其分别进行单梁模型和梁格模型的内力计算,通过两种模型的计算结果与静载试验实测结果的对比分析,探究基于两种模型计算变截面连续箱梁受力状态和结构变形的可靠性和合理性。研究结果表明:在恒载和设计荷载作用下,对于预应力混凝土连续箱梁,在采用单梁模型和梁格模型进行计算分析时,两种模型的计算结果基本相同;在偏载作用下,通过静载试验计算结果分析,梁格模型内力计算结果比单梁模型内力计算结果均偏小,并且两种模型误差超过了5%,对结果影响评价的准确度不容忽略;梁格模型能够准确地计算连续箱梁在横桥向的应力分布、应力大小和结构变形,相较于单梁模型,梁格模型更能反映结构的空间受力特性,表明采用梁格法计算分析变截面连续箱梁桥更符合工程要求。

基于梁格法宽幅双层钢桁梁有限元分析

探讨梁格法在宽幅双层钢桁梁桥中的应用前景。首先,以宽幅双层钢桁梁桥作为工程实例,运用有限元软件ANSYS建立尽可能考虑实际构造的板壳单元模型;其次,依据梁格法的理论,找到适合该实例的梁格划分方法,进而建立梁单元模型;最后,对比两者的位移、反力和应力结果。结果显示:梁单元模型的位移、反力和应力与板壳单元模型的变化规律相同,挠度最大相差仅为5.16%,反力平均相差仅11 kN,应力平均差值为2.52 MPa。在对此类宽幅钢桁梁进行空间分析时,梁格法具有有效性。

船舶板架结构变形场测量技术研究

船舶结构强度试验过程中,传统的离散点变形测量技术难以获得结构的全场变形数据,因而无法有效揭示结构的渐进破坏过程。本文基于数字图像相关和三维激光扫描原理,提出适用于船舶板架结构变形测量的位移形函数与子区相关性准则,发展定量可控的数字散斑场制作方法,形成船舶板架结构几何形貌测量方法,建立船舶板架结构变形场测量技术;在此基础上,开展船舶板架结构模型变形场演化过程测量试验,获得模型在纵向压缩载荷所用下的结构变形场,尤其是模型结构临界状态前后的失效演化行为,揭示船舶板架结构变形场的时空演化规律,可为实船结构的失效模式识别提供基础测量技术手段。

自由落体作用下不同刚度楔形体板架结构响应特性的仿真及试验研究

目的分析艏部板架结构在砰击载荷作用下的极限承载能力。方法将艏部简化成二维楔形体板架形式,并基于ALE流固耦合对具有2种不同加筋刚度的楔形体板架的砰击响应开展数值仿真分析,预报不同位置的砰击压力和结构塑性变形的变化规律。为验证数值仿真结果的准确性,分别对角钢和T形材这2种加筋板结构开展自由落体砰击试验。结果数值仿真结果与试验测量结果吻合较好。其中,试验与仿真的塑性应变最大误差的测点发生在加强筋的面板和腹板,分别为17.06%以内和17.50%。此外,在相同砰击载荷的情况下,2个模型的应变量值都在相同的数量级中。结论无论是试验结果还是仿真结果,带T形材加筋板的结构响应更大,这说明砰击载荷作用下T形材抵抗变形的能力要比角钢更强。

简谐荷载作用下井字梁楼盖动力特性试验研究

以某工业厂房井字梁楼盖在大型动力设备运行时存在的异常振动问题为例,提出了增加井字梁高度、增大楼板厚度2种减振加固方案,通过缩尺模型试验研究了简谐荷载作用下不同加固方案对井字梁楼盖结构的减振效果,并通过有限元分析软件ABAQUS的数值模拟对缩尺模型试验结果进行了验证。结果表明,2种加固方案均能降低楼盖结构的竖向振动,其中增加井字梁高度比增大楼板厚度的减振效果更加显著。

Enhanced performance of solution-processed carbon nanotube transparent electrodes in foldable perovskite solar cells through vertical separation of binders by using eco-friendly parylene substrate

The successful utilization of an eco-friendly and biocompatible parylene-C substrate for high-performance solution-processed double-walled carbon nanotube(CNT)electrode-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs)was demonstrated.Through the use of a novel inversion transfer technique,vertical separation of the binders from the CNTs was induced,rendering a stronger p-doping effect and thereby a higher conductivity of the CNTs.The resulting foldable devices exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 18.11%,which is the highest reported among CNT transparent electrode-based PSCs to date,and withstood more than 10,000 folding cycles at a radius of 0.5 mm,demonstrating unprecedented mechanical stability.Furthermore,solar modules were fabricated using entirely laser scribing processes to assess the potential of the solution-processable nanocarbon electrode.Notably,this is the only one to be processed entirely by the laser scribing process and to be biocompatible as well as eco-friendly among the previously reported nonindium tin oxide-based perovskite solar modules.

大幅变宽连续箱梁桥受弯性能研究

为研究大幅变宽度连续箱梁桥的宽跨比对其力学特性的影响,以湖南省长益高速公路互通匝道变宽预应力混凝土连续梁桥为工程背景,分别建立梁格模型与单梁模型,对其弯矩、挠度及应力进行分析。研究结果表明:在仅考虑自重与二期荷载作用下,随着宽跨比的增加,各纵梁沿横截面承担的弯矩逐渐趋于均匀,各纵梁承担的应力相对平均偏差增大,空间效应明显;与增加箱室宽度而变宽的主梁相比,通过增加箱室数量而变宽的主梁的挠度与弯矩分布更加均匀。

装配式斜转正桥梁结构受力分析

受桥下道路条件及经济因素影响,斜转正桥梁的应用越来越广泛。斜转正桥梁同一跨各片梁的长度差异较大,通常受到弯扭耦合作用,受力情况比正交桥梁复杂得多,进行桥梁设计时需要分析每片梁的受力情况。文章以广东某高速公路项目为背景,针对高速公路装配式斜转正桥梁建立梁格模型进行受力分析,进而指导斜转正桥梁设计,通过实际项目案例验证装配式斜转正桥梁在高速公路建设中的可行性,旨在为今后类似项目提供参考。

基于广义梁格法的整体化铺装加固空心板桥荷载横向分布系数计算方法

由于整体化铺装加固后的空心板桥的铺装层较厚、横向整体性更突出,因此荷载横向分布系数的计算必须考虑整体化铺装层的影响。基于此提出采用广义梁格法考虑整体化铺装层的影响,在足尺模型试验和有限元计算的基础上,对基于广义梁格法的整体化铺装层加固后的空心板桥荷载横向分布系数计算方法进行验证。结果表明,广义梁格法的计算结果可以准确考虑采用整体化铺装层加固空心板桥的荷载横向分布规律。不同宽度、不同跨径的空心板桥,铺装层的高度折减系数取值在0.5~0.8之间时,计算结果更加精确。桥越宽则折减系数取值越大,跨径越大则折减系数取值越小。