Synchronous gastric adenocarcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND:The association between gastric and pancreatic carcinoma is a relatively rare condition.In gastric carcinoma patients,the prevalence of second tumors varies 2.8% to 6.8% according to the reported statistics.Gastric cancer associated with pancreatic cancer is uncommon.METHODS:We report a case of a 73-year-old patient hospitalized for vomiting and weight loss.Esophagogastroduodenoscopy demonstrated an ulcerative lesion of the gastric antrum.Computed tomography and magnetic resonance showed a gastric thickening in the antral and pyloric portion and a nodular mass (3×1.7 cm) in the uncinate portion of the pancreas.RESULTS:The patient underwent pancreaticoduoden-ectomy according to Whipple regional type Ⅰ Fortner.Histological examination of the specimen demonstrated a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach and a poorly differentiated ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas.CONCLUSIONS:Long survival is rare in patients with associated gastric and pancreatic cancer.Surgical resection remains the only potentially curative treatment.

Double compound combination synchronization among eight n-dimensional chaotic systems

Depending on double compound synchronization and compound combination synchronization, a new kind of syn- chronization is introduced which is the double compound combination synchronization （DCCS） of eight n-dimensional chaotic systems. This kind may be considered as a generalization of many types of synchronization. In the communica- tion, based on many of drive and response systems, the transmitted and received signals will be more secure. Using the Lyapunov stability theory and nonlinear feedback control, analytical formulas of control functions are obtained to insure our results. The corresponding analytical expression and numerical treatment are used to show the validity and feasibility of our proposed synchronization scheme. The eight memristor-based Chua oscillators are considered as an example. Other examples can be similarly investigated. The proposed synchronization technique is supported using the MATLAB simula- tion outcomes. We obtain the same results of numerical treatment of our synchronization using simulation observations of our example.

Synchronous double cancers of the common bile duct

We report an extremely rare case of synchronous double cancers of the common bile duct without pancreaticobiliary maljunction.Only two similar cases have been reported in the English literature.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed a tuberous filling defect in the middle and superior parts of the common bile duct,and mild stenosis in the inferior duct.Computed tomography(CT) showed a well enhanced mass in the middle and superior parts of the common bile duct.A single cancer of the middle and superior bile duct was suspected and extra-hepatic bile duct resection was performed.CT eleven months after surgery revealed enhanced inferior bile duct wall and a slightly enhanced tumor within it.Retrospective review of the CT images taken before first surgery showed enhanced inferior bile duct wall without intrabiliary tumor only on the delayed phase.The inferior bile duct tumor was suspected to have originally co-existed with the middle and superior bile duct tumor.Pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed subsequently.Histopathological examination revealed that the middle and superior bile duct tumor was a moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma while the inferior bile duct tumor was a papillary adenocarcinoma.The two tumors were separated and had different histological findings and growth patterns,further suggesting that they were two primary cancers.

Surgical Treatment and Prognosis of Synchronous Double Primary Lung Cancer： a Report of 31 Cases

OBJECTIVE The concept of double primary lung cancer （DPLC） has been generally accepted. Recently, an increasing incidence of synchronous DPLC has been reported, while the diagnostic standard and treatment strategies remain to be improved. This study was conducted to investigate effective surgical treatment and prognosis of synchronous DPLC. METHODS From January 1983 to April 2004, 31 patients with synchronous DPLC were operated in our department. Clinical data, such as surgical pattern, postoperative complications, and survival status, of all these patients were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS The 31 patients with synchronous DPLC accounted for 0.67% of all the 4,649 patients operated for primary lung cancer in our department during the same period. Both tumors of the synchronous DPLC were resected with Iobectomy or pneumonectomy in 12 patients, while among the other 19 patients at least 1 tumor was treated with partial pulmonary resection. The postoperative morbidity was 29%（9/31）, including 1 case of respiratory insufficiency, 3 cases of atelectasis, 2 cases of atrial fibrillation, 1 case of haemoptysis, 1 case of pleural effusion, and 1 case of wound fat necrosis. No deaths occurred during the operations or within 30 days postoperatively. The postoperative 1 -, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 52%, 29%, and 20%, respectively. CONCLUSION The incidence of synchronous DPLC is low. An aggressive and reasonable surgical approach can achieve a satisfactory outcome in patients with synchronous DPLC. The postoperative morbidity is low. Some patients might achieve long-term survival.

New Development in the Performance Improvement Synchronous Motor

Synchronous machines are dedicated to the specific application. They are generally employed in rolling mills, pumps, fans, and compressors like reprobating and centrifugal drives, pulp and paper processing, water treatment, mining, and in cement industries. As a synchronous motor, the performance is reduced for the given excitation while the load increases. When operated as synchronous generators, both power loads and lighting loads depend on the output from the armature winding. This paper presents an alternative choice in which by providing an additional winding in the stationary armature, when operated as a Double Winding Synchronous Motor (DWSyM), it becomes possible to operate in maximum power factor by adjusting the loads on both the stator windings. When operated as conventional motor, for the load current of 3.5 A, the efficiency is 55% and power factor is 0.55, for the same excitation when second winding is connected to a load current of 1 A, the efficiency is improved to 77.6% and power factor is improved to 0.66. The main focus of this machine is to improve the performance of the machine for the reduced excitation and minimum load. For the reduced excitation, the performance can be improved by loading both the windings. While operated as Double Winding Synchronous Generator (DWSyG), two stator outputs are available which help to separate the power and lighting circuits. Hence, interruption in the lighting circuit can be limited, this machine can be considered as Twin generator.