A Novel Grid Synchronization Control of Doubly-fed Induction Generator

The dynamic performance of doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG) before and after connection is analyzed based on corresponding mathematical models and transfer functions in decoupled vector control.The parameter tuning methods of rotor current regulator before and after connection are given.To reach same dynamic performance the parameters should take different values and be switched before and after connection.However on one hand the closing moment of stator contactor is difficult to get as the feedback signal is usually twenty millisecond delay or so.The delay in parameter switching will affect rotor current and torque dynamics during the delayed period after connection. On the other hand parameter switching is troublesome.Hence a synchronization control strategy without parameter switching is proposed and analyzed in detail,which has linear rising exciting current to avoid current overshooting. The dynamic performance of the proposed strategy is analyzed in frequency domain and implemented on a DFIG experimental platform subsequently.The proposed synchronization strategy is validated by experimental results.

Reactive Current Allocation and Control Strategies Improvement of Low Voltage Ride Though for Doubly Fed Induction Wind Turbine Generation System

为满足风电机组低电压穿越（low voltage ride through,LVRT）的测试要求及其电气模型一致性评估需要,提出考虑向电网注入无功电流的双馈风电机组LVRT的控制策略。在阐述风电机组LVRT测试要求及控制原理的基础上,推导双馈发电机（doubly fed induction generator,DFIG）定子侧及网侧变流器输出无功电流极限表达式,研究电网电压跌落深度和发电机总输出有功功率对其无功电流极限值的影响规律,进而提出DFIG在LVRT期间的无功电流分配算法和改进的有功、无功功率控制策略。最后,以某实际2 MW双馈风电机组为例,分别对风速为5和12 m/s、电网电压对称跌落至20%和50%工况下的LVRT运行性能进行仿真比较和样机测试。与传统LVRT控制方法的对比表明,所提改进控制策略能更好地满足风电机组LVRT的测试要求。样机测试结果进一步证明了改进控制策略和仿真模型的有效性。

WIND POWER IMPACT ON TRANSIENT FAULT BEHAVIOR IN ELECTRICAL POWER GRID USING DOUBLY FED INDUCTION GENERATOR

The amount of electrical energy produced by wind mills is constantly increasing.Nowadays detailed analyzes considering the impact of wind energy integration on the transmission system are required.The goal of this study is to investigate the dynamic response of a wind turbine with doubly fed induction generator connected to the power system during grid disturbance.The current and future wind power situation is modeled as two cases and a transient fault is simulated.In order to analyze the impact of wind energy integration in electrical power grid,a power system model has been developed,integrated with wind turbine using doubly fed induction generator and transient analysis are performed.Here,an attempt has been made to compare the impact,in terms of voltages,currents,total harmonic distortion,etc.,of adding wind turbines into electrical power grid.

A Sliding Mode Approach to Enhance the Power Quality of Wind Turbines Under Unbalanced Voltage Conditions

An integral terminal sliding mode-based control design is proposed in this paper to enhance the power quality of wind turbines under unbalanced voltage conditions. The design combines the robustness, fast response, and high quality transient characteristics of the integral terminal sliding mode control with the estimation properties of disturbance observers. The controller gains were auto-tuned using a fuzzy logic approach.The effectiveness of the proposed design was assessed under deep voltage sag conditions and parameter variations. Its dynamic response was also compared to that of a standard SMC approach.The performance analysis and simulation results confirmed the ability of the proposed approach to maintain the active power,currents, DC-link voltage and electromagnetic torque within their acceptable ranges even under the most severe unbalanced voltage conditions. It was also shown to be robust to uncertainties and parameter variations, while effectively mitigating chattering in comparison with the standard SMC.

Dynamic modeling and direct power control of wind turbine driven DFIG under unbalanced network voltage conditions

This paper proposes an analysis and a direct power control (DPC) design of a wind turbine driven doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) under unbalanced network voltage conditions. A DFIG model described in the positive and negative synchronous reference frames is presented. Variations of the stator output active and reactive powers are fully deduced in the presence of negative sequence supply voltage and rotor flux. An enhanced DPC scheme is proposed to eliminate stator active power oscillation during network unbalance. The proposed control scheme removes rotor current regulators and the decomposition processing of positive and negative sequence rotor currents. Simulation results using PSCAD/EMTDC are presented on a 2-MW DFIG wind power generation system to validate the feasibility of the proposed control scheme under balanced and unbalanced network conditions.

PI-MPC Frequency Control of Power System in the Presence of DFIG Wind Turbines

For the recent expansion of renewable energy applications, Wind Energy System (WES) is receiving much interest all over the world. However, area load change and abnormal conditions lead to mismatches in frequency and scheduled power interchanges between areas. These mismatches have to be corrected by the LFC system. This paper, therefore, proposes a new robust frequency control technique involving the combination of conventional Proportional-Integral (PI) and Model Predictive Control (MPC) controllers in the presence of wind turbines (WT). The PI-MPC technique has been designed such that the effect of the uncertainty due to governor and turbine parameters variation and load disturbance is reduced. A frequency response dynamic model of a single-area power system with an aggregated generator unit is introduced, and physical constraints of the governors and turbines are considered. The proposed technique is tested on the single-area power system, for enhancement of the network frequency quality. The validity of the proposed method is evaluated by computer simulation analyses using Matlab Simulink. The results show that, with the proposed PI-MPC combination technique, the overall closed loop system performance demonstrated robustness regardless of the presence of uncertainties due to variations of the parameters of governors and turbines, and loads disturbances. A performance comparison between the proposed control scheme, the classical PI control scheme and the MPC is carried out confirming the superiority of the proposed technique in presence of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) WT.

A Long-Range Generalized Predictive Control Algorithm for a DFIG Based Wind Energy System

This paper presents a new Long-range generalized predictive controller in the synchronous reference frame for a wind energy system doubly-fed induction generator based. This controller uses the state space equations that consider the rotor current and voltage as state and control variables, to execute the predictive control action. Therefore, the model of the plant must be transformed into two discrete transference functions, by means of an auto-regressive moving average model, in order to attain a discrete and decoupled controller, which makes it possible to treat it as two independent single-input single-output systems instead of a magnetic coupled multiple-input multiple-output system. For achieving that, a direct power control strategy is used, based on the past and future rotor currents and voltages estimation. The algorithm evaluates the rotor current predictors for a defined prediction horizon and computes the new rotor voltages that must be injected to controlling the stator active and reactive powers. To evaluate the controller performance, some simulations were made using Matlab/Simulink. Experimental tests were carried out with a small-scale prototype assuming normal operating conditions with constant and variable wind speed profiles. Finally, some conclusions respect to the dynamic performance of this new controller are summarized.

A Steady State Voltage Stability Analysis of Wind Power Centralized System

It is significant to research the voltage stability of the wind power centralized system (WPCS) for the effective development of the large scale clustering wind energy resources. A steady state voltage stability analysis of the WPCS by employing the PV curve and model analysis is proposed to reveal the voltage stability influence from different aspects. The PV curve is utilized to trace and indicate the voltage collapse point of the WPCS when the small disturbance of wind power is increased gradually. Then the steady state voltage instability modes of the WPCS are analyzed by calculating the bus participation factors of the minimum eigenvalue model at the collapse point. The simulation results of an actual WPCS in North China show that the static state voltage instability mode of the WPCS is closely related to the operating features and control strategies of different reactive power sources. In addition, the implementation of the doubly-fed induction generator wind turbine generator voltage control is beneficial to improve the WPCS voltage stability.

计及低电压穿越及故障全过程动态的双馈风电场等值方法

在分析双馈感应发电机(DFIG)故障各阶段动态的基础上,提出了一种计及低电压穿越控制的双馈风电场等值方法。首先,讨论了低电压穿越控制策略,给出了含双馈风电场的电力系统故障稳态潮流计算方法。在考虑电压暂态过程的条件下,分析了外部系统短路故障后DFIG转子电流的变化机理,指出电压跌落深度及风电功率是影响短路电流的主要因素,可根据动作分界线判断撬棒是否动作。然后,根据初始风速及撬棒状态将风电场中的DFIG分为3群,并对等值DFIG及集电网络进行聚合。为提高等值模型在恢复阶段的精度,根据故障稳态电压对双馈风电场功率恢复曲线进行预估,并在此基础上对等值DFIG恢复速率进行分段修正。最后,对含双馈风电场的算例系统进行了等值计算。仿真结果表明,等值模型较好地保持了原系统在故障各阶段的动态,在保持较高精度的前提下有效简化了系统,提高了计算速度。

大规模风电接入场景下的失步振荡中心定位方法

振荡中心的准确定位是失步保护正确动作的基础,大规模风电并网导致系统阻抗参数发生变化,使得传统基于阻抗轨迹的失步定位方法的适应性严重下降。针对该问题,提出基于节点频差的失步振荡中心定位方法。首先分析大规模风电并网对系统总阻抗的影响。进一步根据发电机功角,计算其曼哈顿距离相似度并构建启动判据。最后,通过移动平均法对广域测量频率进行平滑处理,提出基于节点频差的失步振荡中心定位方法。仿真验证表明,所提基于节点频差的失步振荡中心定位方法受噪声影响较小,不受风电渗透率的影响,能够准确定位失步振荡中心位置。

风电制氢系统阻抗建模及振荡特性分析

由于风电机组与主网呈现远距离逆向分布特点,高度电力电子化的风电就地制氢系统与电网互联时将存在振荡失稳的风险。对此,通过建立风电制氢系统的阻抗模型分析了其与电网互联时的振荡特性。首先,建立了考虑电解槽动静态电气特性的阻抗模型,并在此基础上采用双傅里叶变换,建立了包含电力电子变换器在内的电解水制氢设备阻抗模型;随后,结合风电机组的阻抗特性,分析了电网短路比以及制氢设备运行工况对风电制氢系统稳定性的影响。接着,对制氢设备控制参数进行了灵敏度分析,为提升系统稳定性的参数优化方案提供了指导;最后,构建了时域仿真模型,对所得结论进行验证。

风电场柔直送出系统联接变故障特性分析及差动保护方案

联接变是衔接交直流系统的桥梁,对其故障特性的分析是构建保护方案的重要基础。然而,双馈风电经柔直送出系统中整流侧联接变发生故障时,机侧短路电流呈现出频偏和弱馈故障特性,而阀侧短路电流不仅含有大量谐波,在不同的控制策略下还存在幅值差异、相角差异,甚至会出现断流的情况。如此复杂的故障特性给联接变的差动保护正确动作带来十分严峻的挑战。为此,该文以联接变阀侧发生最为常见的单相接地故障为例,分析双馈风电场柔直送出系统联接变风电场侧及阀侧短路电流故障特性及致使差动保护性能降低的原因。在此基础上,提出分别利用形态学滤波分解及同步挤压小波变换对换变流两侧电流进行处理,并以处理后的两侧电流轨迹图斜率为判据,对区内外故障和涌流进行识别的保护方案。最后,基于PSCAD/EMTDC的仿真结果表明:所提出的方案能很好地对风电联接变区内外故障和涌流进行识别,在不同影响因素条件下该方案也具有良好的适用性。

一种基于虚拟阻尼绕组的双馈电机灭磁方法

针对电网故障引发的双馈电机磁链阻尼振荡问题,提出一种基于虚拟阻尼绕组的灭磁控制方法。首先根据双馈电机的电磁关系分析了在电网故障下定子磁链的动态变化过程。在此基础上建立了双馈电机矢量控制的数学模型。通过MATLAB软件进行仿真实验,对比分析了改进与常规控制策略下,电压跌落和电压骤升后定子磁链d轴分量与定子磁链q轴分量的变化波形。改进的灭磁方法可有效对抗磁链的振荡冲击,提升了双馈风力发电机在电网故障下的运行性能。

不同运行方式的大规模新能源接入电网后的调频特性研究

给出了双馈风力发电机(doubly-fed induction generator,DFIG)参与电网调频的基本数学模型,推导出了大规模风电接入电网后,在不同运行方式(如惯性控制或者最大功率跟踪)下风电功率的渗透率、可调频风电机组所占比例以及风电机组的频率调节系数等与风电利用率之间的关系,提出了不同运行方式的风电机组参与电网调频的控制策略。以南方某片区电网为例,分析了风速改变及负荷变化的情况下风电功率注入比例对接入电网调频的影响特征,验证了可调频新能源发电对电网调频作用的有效性。将可调频风电机组接入4机2区域的电网模型,给出风电注入比例不同情况下所需要的可调频风机所占比例最小值及电网对新能源的综合承载能力。仿真结果表明,大规模风电场参与调频时应尽可能使运行在额定风速附近的机组参与调频,从而最大程度确保电网的频率偏差变小,维持频率在安全运行范围内。

高风电渗透率下考虑系统风电备用容量的储能配置

风电的高比例渗透削弱了电力系统的惯性与调频容量,储能凭借响应迅速、出力稳定等特点被广泛应用于电网的惯量支撑及频率调节工作。首先以双馈风机额定转速与有功出力为约束条件,基于转子超速控制设置最适功率预留系数,划分风机参与系统调频的风速范围。在此基础上,考虑系统频率支撑能力,提出一种风电机组与储能协调配合的调频方法。通过对储能有功出力与系统稳态恢复过程的分析,刻画了虚拟同步机控制策略下储能系统的动态频率调节特性,由此实现储能在应对系统不同工况与不同支撑需求下控制参数的最优配置。仿真结果表明,所提方法能够在保证系统调频需求的同时充分利用风电自身的调频容量,优化储能系统参数的配置结果,实现储能出力的平滑输出,提高系统的频率支撑能力。

基于前馈补偿的双馈感应发电机励磁控制研究

针对双馈感应电机在发生低电压故障时定转子产生瞬时暂态振荡电流及传统Crowbar电路保护方式,将使其消耗较大无功而降低可控性的问题,提出一种转子电流前馈补偿的励磁控制方案。根据双馈电机的数学模型及等效电路结构,分析其定子侧电网发生低电压故障时的电磁暂态特性,归纳定转子暂态电流的变化规律。再通过电网电压与转子电流对定子电流的控制传递函数,分析电网电压跌落对定子暂态电流振荡的作用机理,并提出由控制转子电流对定子电流进行前馈补偿的故障穿越方案,经仿真分析证明了其有效性。

Analysis of Short-circuit Characteristics and Calculation of Steady-state Short-circuit Current for DFIG Wind Turbine

Large-scale doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG)wind turbines are connected to the grid and required to remain grid-connection during faults,the short-circuit current contributed by the generation has become a significant issue.However,the traditional calculation methods aiming at synchronous generators cannot be directly applied to the DFIG wind turbines.A new method is needed to calculate the short-circuit current required by the planning,protection and control of the power grid.The short-circuit transition of DFIG under symmetrical and asymmetric short-circuit conditions are mathematically deduced,and the short-circuit characteristics of DFIG are analyzed.A new method is proposed to calculate the steady-state short-circuit current of DFIG based on the derived expressions.The time-domain simulations are conducted to verify the accuracy of the proposed method.