Modeling and small-signal stability analysis of doubly-fed induction generator integrated system

Owing to their stability,doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG)integrated systems have gained considerable interest and are the most widely implemented type of wind turbines and due to the increasing escalation of the wind generation penetration rate in power systems.In this study,we investigate a DFIG integrated system comprising four modules:(1)a wind turbine that considers the maximum power point tracking and pitch-angle control,(2)induction generator,(3)rotor/grid-side converter with the corresponding control strategy,and(4)AC power grid.The detailed small-signal modeling of the entire system is performed by linearizing the dynamic characteristic equation at the steady-state value.Furthermore,a dichotomy method is proposed based on the maximum eigenvalue real part function to obtain the critical value of the parameters.Root-locus analysis is employed to analyze the impact of changes in the phase-locked loop,short-circuit ratio,and blade inertia on the system stability.Lastly,the accuracy of the small-signal model and the real and imaginary parts of the calculated dominant poles in the theoretical analysis are verified using PSCAD/EMTDC.

Application of fuzzy logic control algorithm as stator power controller of a grid-connected doubly-fed induction generator

This paper discusses the power outputs control of a grid-connected doubly-fed induction generator （DFIG） for a wind power generation systems. The DFIG structure control has a six diode rectifier and a PWM IGBT converter in order to control the power outputs of the DFIG driven by wind turbine. So, to supply commercially the electrical power to the grid without any problems related to power quality, the active and reactive powers （Ps, Qs） at the stator side of the DFIG are strictly controlled at a required level, which, in this paper, is realized with an optimized fuzzy logic controller based on the grid flux oriented control, which gives an optimal operation of the DFIG in sub-synchronous region, and the control of the stator power flow with the possibility of keeping stator power factor at a unity.

Doubly-fed induction generator drive based WECS using fuzzy logic controller

The purpose of this paper is to improve the control performance of the variable speed, constant frequency doubly-fed induction generator in the wind turbine generation system by using fuzzy logic controllers. The control of the rotor-side converter is realized by stator flux oriented control, whereas the control of the grid-side converter is performed by a control strategy based on grid voltage orientation to maintain the DC-link voltage stability. An intelligent fuzzy inference system is proposed as an alternative of the conventional proportional and integral （PI） controller to overcome any disturbance, such as fast wind speed variation, short grid voltage fault, parameter variations and so on. Five fuzzy logic controllers are used in the rotor side converter （RSC） for maximum power point tracking （MPPT） algorithm, active and reactive power control loops, and another two fuzzy logic controllers for direct and quadratic rotor currents components control loops. The performances have been tested on 1.5 MW doubly-fed induction generator （DFIG） in a Matlab/Simulink software environment.

基于LESO的DFIG-GSC反馈线性化直接功率控制

为了提高双馈风力发电机网侧变换器(DFIG-GSC)这个强耦合非线性系统的性能,提出了一种反馈线性化直接功率控制策略。首先在αβ坐标系下建立以有功功率、无功功率为变量的DFIG-GSC的数学模型,针对模型中的强耦合项采用反馈线性化进行解耦,得到其线性模型,再结合滑模控制理论设计出功率内环的控制律。由于功率内环控制律中未建模部分和不确定因素会对控制效果产生影响,采用线性扩张状态观测器对其进行观测并对其控制量进行修正。同时电压外环采用滑模控制来提高直流侧电压的响应速度。最后搭建仿真模型与传统PI控制以及直接功率控制进行比较,验证了所提控制策略的合理性和有效性。

适用于DFIG连接到直流微网的双变换器设计与实现

针对双馈感应式发电机DFIG(doubly-fed induction generator)-DC连接系统电流谐波严重、双VSI连接系统损耗大等问题,设计了1种将三相DFIG连接到直流微电网的新型双变换器连接系统。首先,详细阐述了双变换器连接系统的拓扑结构、脉宽调制PWM(pulse-width modulation)测量和DFIG模型等工作原理。与传统连接系统不同,所提连接系统采用开放端绕组结构,在定子绕组的每一侧使用1个三桥臂整流器,这些桥臂通常由绝缘栅双极晶体管IGBT(insulated gate bipolar transistor)组成,为了减少控制开关的数量和降低成本,采用二极管替代了1个整流器中的IGBT;然后,给出了新型拓扑结构下SSC和RSC的控制策略;接着,与DFIG-DC连接系统和双VSI连接系统在电流谐波畸变、转矩脉动和半导体损耗等方面进行了仿真比较,说明所提方法优越性;最后,针对0.56 kW DFIG进行实验验证,结果表明了所提方法在损耗、谐波以及转矩脉动的优势。

电网电压不对称故障条件下DFIG风电机组控制策略

提出了一种可应用于双馈异步发电机(DFIG)转子侧变换器的新型电流控制器,即双dq-PI转子电流调节器。在电网电压不对称故障条件下,该电流调节器可对DFIG的转子电流正、负序分量同时进行控制。推导了电网电压不对称故障条件下DFIG的数学模型,根据风力发电机在电网电压不对称故障条件下的运行规程,提出了4种控制目标,同时基于正序定子电压定向简化并得到了转子电流调节器的正、负序电流参考给定量。在一台额定功率为10kW的DFIG实验机组上,对所提出的转子电流控制器进行了实验验证,结果表明基于该控制器的控制方案可大大改善DFIG系统在电网电压不对称故障条件下的运行性能,提高系统的故障穿越能力。

应用于DFIG风电场的VSC-HVDC控制策略

随着风力发电的快速发展,如何连接风电场和电网成为至关重要的问题。研究了基于双馈感应电机(DFIG)的风电场连接方式及控制策略,通过与交流输电和电流源型高压直流输电(CSC- HVDC)的比较,说明电压源型高压直流输电(VSC-HVDC)技术在连接风电场与电网方面具有独特优势。在换流站的dq解耦控制基础上,对DFIG与VSC-HVDC的换流站的控制设计进行了研究。利用PSCAD/EMTDC平台对该方案进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明,该方案可以实现一个换流站连接多台DFIG的结构,并具有良好的控制效果。

基于量测信号扰动的DFIG变流器控制参数辨识方法

双馈感应发电机(DFIG)的变流控制器模型是整个机组模型中的关键部分。变流控制器的参数众多且内外环比例—积分(PI)控制器之间存在级联,常规辨识方法或遇到参数可辨识性问题,或工程实现难度较大。文中提出一种以"分步辨识、交互迭代"为特点,基于二次侧量测信号扰动的控制器参数辨识方法。该方法分别在变流控制器中各PI控制器输入端所用的量测信号上施加扰动,从而突出某个PI控制器在特定量测信号扰动下的作用,并将该PI控制器的可测量控制目标作为观测变量,进而重点辨识其参数。对于存在级联的两个PI控制器,先对后一级PI控制器所用量测信号施加扰动,同时屏蔽前一级PI控制器所用量测信号的变化,从而可实现两个级联PI控制器参数的解耦辨识。该方法可以使变流控制器中每个PI控制器的两个参数在特定的量测信号扰动下被单独辨识,有效保证了参数的可辨识性;而对于全部待辨识参数,可通过多轮交互迭代辨识进一步提高整体辨识精度。

采用串联网侧变换器的DFIG风电系统低电压穿越控制

双馈感应发电机(DFIG)因其对电网故障的敏感性,其低电压穿越运行控制技术备受关注。文中针对定子侧加装串联网侧变换器的新型DFIG风电系统,详细研究了其低电压穿越运行特性,提出了一种适用于新拓扑下发电系统的运行控制方案:通过控制串联网侧变换器抑制定子磁链暂态直流分量及电网电压负序分量对发电机转子侧的不良影响;通过控制转子侧变换器进一步限制故障时发电机的定、转子电流,从而实现发电系统的低电压穿越运行。仿真结果表明:采用所提出的控制方案,可实现电网故障时DFIG风电系统的零电压穿越运行;采用新拓扑的DFIG风电系统具有优良的电网对称及非对称短路故障穿越能力。

不平衡电网电压下基于串联网侧变换器的DFIG控制策略

电网电压不平衡会导致双馈感应发电机组(DFIG)定、转子电流出现较大不平衡,使发电机功率和电磁转矩发生振荡,从而恶化机组运行状况。分析了串联网侧变换器抑制不平衡电网电压对DFIG系统影响的机理,利用并联网侧变换器的控制及静止坐标系下的比例谐振控制器,提出了基于串联网侧变换器的DFIG在不平衡电网电压条件下的控制策略;在实现DFIG电磁转矩、直流母线电压及系统总输出有功功率无2倍频波动的同时,使DFIG定、转子三相电流平衡。所述方法具有不改变转子侧变换器的控制策略、无需求解复杂高阶矩阵的特点。对一台基于串联网侧变换器的2MW DFIG系统进行了仿真,验证了所提出控制策略的正确性和有效性。

DFIG等效序突变量阻抗相角特征对故障分量方向元件的影响分析

故障分量方向元件是方向比较式纵联保护的重要组成部分,但风电大规模接入破坏了传统故障分量方向元件的最佳应用环境。为了研究双馈风电机组对故障分量方向元件的影响,提出了等效序突变量阻抗的概念,基于双馈风电机组暂态模型,推导了等效序突变量阻抗的解析表达式;针对故障后投入撬棒与变换器控制两种工况研究了双馈风电机组等效序突变量阻抗的相角变化特征;进而分析了双馈风电机组对不同故障分量方向元件的影响机理,指出等效序突变量阻抗相角的大范围变化可能造成故障分量方向元件的灵敏性不足或者误判,最后通过仿真实验验证了分析的正确性。

电网不平衡时采用串联网侧变换器的DFIG风电系统协调控制

针对采用串联网侧变换器的双馈感应发电机(doubly fed induction generators,DFIG)风电系统,详细分析电网电压不平衡条件下该系统的运行情况,从抑制不平衡定子电压及维持系统有功功率平衡的角度出发,分别提出电网不平衡时串联网侧变换器和并联网侧变换器的控制策略。与电网不平衡下DFIG系统的传统运行控制方案相比,所提系统协调控制策略无需改变电网不平衡下转子侧变换器的控制策略,简化转子侧变换器的控制并有效提高其运行可靠性;所提方案在实现DFIG系统电磁转矩、直流链电压及系统总输出有功功率无二倍频波动的同时,实现电网不平衡下DFIG定、转子三相电流平衡,进一步提高了DFIG系统运行的稳定性和可靠性。通过对电网不平衡下采用串联网侧变换器的DFIG风电系统和采用传统控制策略的DFIG系统进行了仿真计算和对比分析,验证所提协调控制策略的正确性和有效性。

电网电压不平衡时DFIG网侧变流器新型双环控制策略

电网电压不平衡时,电网电压出现的负序电压会对双馈风力发电机的正常运行产生很大的影响,甚至损坏发电机组。通过对双馈异步风力发电机网侧变流器的模型进行推导和分析,提出了一种双馈风力发电机网侧变流器在电网不平衡条件下改进的双环控制策略。该策略的外环采用模糊PID控制,而内环采用谐振PR控制,从而通过同时控制正、负序可以消除直流侧二次谐波,得到恒定的直流电压。最后,利用MATLAB/Simulink对该策略进行了试验验证,仿真结果证明了该策略的正确性和有效性。

DFIG与VSC-HVDC协同参与电网调频的动态潮流算法

针对双馈感应发电机(doubly-fed induction generator,DFIG)经电压源变流器–高压直流(voltagesourceconverterhigh voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)并网,基于"主网频率-直流电压-风电场"串级下垂控制调频策略,建立DFIG经VSC-HVDC参与系统一次调频的动态潮流模型,用于量化DFIG备用与直流电容虚拟惯量协同控制下电网频率响应。计及DFIG有功备用,在直流电压限制范围内,提出直流电容虚拟惯性时间常数的取值上限。考虑调频过程中DFIG转速变化,提出基于转子动能的DFIG惯性时间常数动态修正算法,提高动态潮流结果精度。算例验证了所提算法分析DFIG与VSC-HVDC协同电网调频能力的可行性,证实计及DFIG参与调频的直流电容虚拟惯性时间常数最大取值可提升交流系统惯性水平;DFIG等效惯性时间常数修正算法符合其动态调频特性。

用于DFIG风电场接入电网的固态变压器控制策略

通过对电网故障情况下DFIG定、转子电压、电流过渡过程机理的分析,提出了通过控制固态变压器(SST)风场侧换流器电压的下降和故障切除时电压上升的斜率,来抑制电网故障过程中因电网电压突变而使双馈发电机的电压、电流以及转矩产生的冲击。分析了通过SST控制风场侧电压下降斜率与能量传递、SST直流链等效电容容值的关系,同时也分析了电网故障过程中,风场侧电压与电网电压跌落的关系。最后建立了双馈风力发电机、SST及其控制系统的模型,并针对电网三相短路故障进行了仿真计算,进一步验证了所提控制策略的正确性和有效性。

基于本地模式的DFIG风电场无功控制策略

针对目前风电场无功调节能力不足现状,提出了一种基于本地模式DFIG无功控制策略。针对根据DFIG定转子电流和静态稳定极限确定了DFIG的无功输出极限,从直流电压波动角度得到二者之间的优先级。在风电场无功电压损耗计算的基础上,给出了基于定子电压和输出功率的无功给定参考函数的本地模式无功控制策略。通过DIgSILENT/Power Factory算例对比了机组单位功率因数运行和本地模式DFIG无功控制策略运行方式的结果,验证了所提控制策略的有效性。

Enhanced control of DFIG-used back-to-back PWM VSC under unbalanced grid voltage conditions

This paper presents a unified positive-and negative-sequence dual-dq dynamic model of wind-turbine driven doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG) under unbalanced grid voltage conditions. Strategies for enhanced control and operation of a DFIG-used back-to-back(BTB) PWM voltage source converter(VSC) are proposed. The modified control design for the grid-side converter in the stationary αβ frames diminishes the amplitude of DC-link voltage ripples of twice the grid frequency,and the two proposed control targets for the rotor-side converter are alternatively achieved,which,as a result,improve the fault-ride through(FRT) capability of the DFIG based wind power generation systems during unbalanced network supply. A complete unbalanced control scheme with both grid-and rotor-side converters included is designed. Finally,simulation was carried out on a 1.5 MW wind-turbine driven DFIG system and the validity of the developed unified model and the feasibility of the proposed control strategies are all confirmed by the simulated results.

Dynamic modelling and robust current control of wind-turbine driven DFIG during external AC voltage dip

Doubly-Fed Induction Generator （DFIG）, with vector control applied, is widely used in Variable-Speed Constant- Frequency （VSCF） wind energy generation system and shows good performance in maximum wind energy capture. But in two traditional vector control schemes, the equivalent stator magnetizing current is considered invariant in order to simplify the rotor current inner-loop controller. The two schemes can perform very well when the grid is in normal condition. However, when grid disturbance such as grid voltage dip or swell fault occurs, the control performance worsens, the rotor over current occurs and the Fault Ride-Through （FRT） capability of the DFIG wind energy generation system gets seriously deteriorated. An accurate DFIG model was used to deeply investigate the deficiency of the traditional vector control. The improved control schemes of two typical traditional vector control schemes used in DFIG were proposed, and simulation study of the proposed and traditional control schemes, with robust rotor current control using Internal Model Control （IMC） method, was carded out. The validity of the proposed modified schemes to control the rotor current and to improve the FRT capability of the DFIG wind energy generation system was proved by the comparison study.

计及不同电压跌落和GSC馈出电流的DFIG精细化故障计算模型

当含双馈感应发电机(DFIG)的交流电网发生故障时,DFIG输出特性的精确性将影响到整个故障网络计算结果的准确性。首先,从DFIG的不同电压跌落出发,详细推导了撬棒保护投入、转子侧变流器(RSC)励磁控制和外环控制下DFIG定子侧输出电流的计算公式。接着,考虑网侧变流器(GSC)的馈出电流,推导了GSC和RSC在不同控制策略下DFIG的输出电流表达式,进而提出了计及不同电压跌落和GSC馈出电流的DFIG精细化故障计算模型。最后,在MATLAB/Simulink平台中进行了DFIG并入无穷大系统和典型电网仿真来验证该精细化模型的准确性。仿真结果表明,所提精细化模型理论计算值与仿真值误差较小;与现有模型相比,该模型在应用于电网故障计算时具有更高的准确性。

Adaptive rotor current control for wind-turbine driven DFIG using resonant controllers in a rotor rotating reference frame

This paper proposes an adaptive rotor current controller for doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), which consists of a proportional (P) controller and two harmonic resonant (R) controllers implemented in the rotor rotating reference frame. The two resonant controllers are tuned at slip frequencies ωslip+ and ωslip-, respectively. As a result, the positive- and negative-sequence components of the rotor current are fully regulated by the PR controller without involving the positive- and negative-sequence decomposition, which in effect improves the fault ride-through (FRT) capability of the DFIG-based wind power generation system during the period of large transient grid voltage unbalance. Correctness of the theoretical analysis and feasibility of the proposed unbalanced control scheme are validated by simulation on a 1.5-MW DFIG wind power generation system.