Degradation of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in a multiphase mixed system by subaquatic gas-liquid discharge plasma

In recent years, antibiotic pollution has become a serious threat to human health. In this study, a gas-liquid discharge plasma is developed to degrade ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in a multiphase mixed system containing inorganic and organic impurities. The discharge characteristics are analyzed by diagnosing the applied voltage and discharge current waveforms, as well as the optical emission spectra. The work investigates how degradation efficiency is affected by applied voltage, gas flow rate, treatment time, initial concentration as well as the addition of γ-Al_(2)O_(3) pellets and peanut straw. After 70 min, the degradation efficiency of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in the multiphase mixed system reached 99.6%. Its removal efficiency increases as the initial concentration decreases and the applied voltage increases. Besides, there is still a good degradation efficiency of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride with the addition of peanut straw.The degradation mechanism of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride is investigated through the analysis of degraded intermediates and reactive species.

A Novel Method for Determining the Void Fraction in Gas-Liquid Multi-Phase Systems Using a Dynamic Conductivity Probe

Conventional conductivity methods for measuring the void fraction in gas-liquid multiphase systems are typically affected by accuracy problems due to the presence of fluid flow and salinity.This study presents a novel approach for determining the void fraction based on a reciprocating dynamic conductivity probe used to measure the liquid film thickness under forced annular-flow conditions.The measurement system comprises a cyclone,a conductivity probe,a probe reciprocating device,and a data acquisition and processing system.This method ensures that the flow pattern is adjusted to a forced annular flow,thereby minimizing the influence of complex and variable gas-liquid flow patterns on the measurement results;Moreover,it determines the liquid film thickness solely according to circuit connectivity rather than specific conductivity values,thereby mitigating the impact of salinity.The reliability of the measurement system is demonstrated through laboratory experiments.The experimental results indicate that,in a range of gas phase superficial velocities 5–20 m/s and liquid phase superficial velocities 0.079–0.48 m/s,the maximum measurement deviation for the void fraction is 4.23%.

A New Device for Gas-Liquid Flow Measurements Relying on Forced Annular Flow

A new measurement device,consisting of swirling blades and capsule-shaped throttling elements,is proposed in this study to eliminate typical measurement errors caused by complex flow patterns in gas-liquid flow.The swirling blades are used to transform the complex flow pattern into a forced annular flow.Drawing on the research of existing blockage flow meters and also exploiting the single-phase flow measurement theory,a formula is introduced to measure the phase-separated flow of gas and liquid.The formula requires the pressure ratio,Lockhart-Martinelli number(L-M number),and the gas phase Froude number.The unknown parameters appearing in the formula are fitted through numerical simulation using computational fluid dynamics(CFD),which involves a comprehensive analysis of the flow field inside the device from multiple perspectives,and takes into account the influence of pressure fluctuations.Finally,the measurement model is validated through an experimental error analysis.The results demonstrate that the measurement error can be maintained within±8%for various flow patterns,including stratified flow,bubble flow,and wave flow.

Enhanced degradation of tetracycline by gas-liquid discharge plasma coupled with g-C_(3)N_(4)/TiO_(2)

Plasma-catalysis is considered as one of the most promising technologies for antibiotic degradation in water.In the plasma-catalytic system,one of the factors affecting the degradation effect is the performance of the photocatalyst,which is usually restricted by the rapid recombination of electrons and holes as well as narrow light absorption range.In this research,a photocatalyst g-C_(3)N_(4)/TiO_(2) was prepared and coupled with gas-liquid discharge(GLD)to degrade tetracycline(TC).The performance was examined,and the degradation pathways and mechanisms were studied.Results show that a 90%degradation rate is achieved in the GLD with g-C_(3)N_(4)/TiO_(2) over a 10 min treatment.Increasing the pulse voltage is conducive to increasing the degradation rate,whereas the addition of excessive g-C_(3)N_(4)/TiO_(2) tends to precipitate agglomerates,resulting in a poor degradation efficiency.The redox properties of the g-C_(3)N_(4)/TiO_(2) surface promote the generation of oxidizing active species(H2O2,O3)in solution.Radical quenching experiments showed that·OH,hole(h^(+)),play important roles in the TC degradation by the discharge with g-C_(3)N_(4)/TiO_(2).Two potential degradation pathways were proposed based on the intermediates.The toxicity of tetracycline was reduced by treatment in the system.Furthermore,the g-C_(3)N_(4)/TiO_(2) composites exhibited excellent recoverability and stability.

Climate-Vegetation Coverage Interactions in the Hengduan Mountains Area, Southeastern Tibetan Plateau, and Their Downstream Effects

Little is known about the mechanism of climate-vegetation coverage coupled changes in the Tibetan Plateau(TP)region,which is the most climatically sensitive and ecologically fragile region with the highest terrain in the world.This study,using multisource datasets(including satellite data and meteorological observations and reanalysis data)revealed the mutual feedback mechanisms between changes in climate(temperature and precipitation)and vegetation coverage in recent decades in the Hengduan Mountains Area(HMA)of the southeastern TP and their influences on climate in the downstream region,the Sichuan Basin(SCB).There is mutual facilitation between rising air temperature and increasing vegetation coverage in the HMA,which is most significant during winter,and then during spring,but insignificant during summer and autumn.Rising temperature significantly enhances local vegetation coverage,and vegetation greening in turn heats the atmosphere via enhancing net heat flux from the surface to the atmosphere.The atmospheric heating anomaly over the HMA thickens the atmospheric column and increases upper air pressure.The high pressure anomaly disperses downstream via the westerly flow,expands across the SCB,and eventually increases the SCB temperature.This effect lasts from winter to the following spring,which may cause the maximum increasing trend of the SCB temperature and vegetation coverage in spring.These results are helpful for estimating future trends in climate and eco-environmental variations in the HMA and SCB under warming scenarios,as well as seasonal forecasting based on the connection between the HMA eco-environment and SCB climate.

Bioengineering Downstream Technology Online Open Course Drives SPOC Hybrid Teaching Reform Based on Ideological and Political Education

In the context of emerging engineering disciplines,a hybrid teaching reform for the Bioengineering Downstream Technology course,based on ideological and political education and online open courses,is being carried out.This reform focuses on aspects such as“building a professional teacher team for ideological and political education,scientifically designing the ideological and political teaching system,innovating classroom teaching methods,and improving both formative and summative evaluation systems.”The“Craftsmanship in Education and Cultivating Soul and Roots”small private online course hybrid teaching reform for the Bioengineering Downstream Technology online open course provides a replicable model for the comprehensive implementation of ideological and political education in engineering courses and offers a reference for advancing ideological and political education and hybrid teaching reform in new engineering disciplines.

Effects of channel wall wettability on gas-liquid dynamics mass transfer under Taylor flow in a serpentine microchannel

The wall wettability of microchannels plays an important role in the gas-liquid mass transfer dynamics under Taylor flow.In this study,we regulated the contact angle of the wall surface through surface chemical grafting polymerization under controlled experimental conditions.The dynamic changes of CO_(2)bubbles flowing along the microchannel were captured by a high-speed video camera mounted on a stereo microscope,whilst a unit cell model was employed to theoretically investigate the gas-liquid mass transfer dynamics.We quantitatively characterized the effects of wall wettability,specifically the contact angle,on the formation mechanism of gas bubbles and mass transfer process experimentally.The results revealed that the gas bubble velocity,the overall volumetric liquid phase mass transfer coefficients(kLa),and the specific interfacial area(a)all increased with the increase of the contact angle.Conversely,gas bubble length and leakage flow decreased.Furthermore,we proposed a new modified model to predict the gas-liquid two-phase mass transfer performance,based on van Baten’s and Yao’s models.Our proposed model was observed to agree reasonably well with experimental observations.

Multimodal Fuzzy Downstream Petroleum Supply Chain:A Novel Pentagonal Fuzzy Optimization

The petroleum industry has a complex,inflexible and challenging supply chain(SC)that impacts both the national economy as well as people’s daily lives with a range of services,including transportation,heating,electricity,lubricants,as well as chemicals and petrochemicals.In the petroleum industry,supply chain management presents several challenges,especially in the logistics sector,that are not found in other industries.In addition,logistical challenges contribute significantly to the cost of oil.Uncertainty regarding customer demand and supply significantly affects SC networks.Hence,SC flexibility can be maintained by addressing uncertainty.On the other hand,in the real world,decision-making challenges are often ambiguous or vague.In some cases,measurements are incorrect owing to measurement errors,instrument faults,etc.,which lead to a pentagonal fuzzy number(PFN)which is the extension of a fuzzy number.Therefore,it is necessary to develop quantitative models to optimize logistics operations and supply chain networks.This study proposed a linear programming model under an uncertain environment.The model minimizes the cost along the refineries,depots,multimode transport and demand nodes.Further developed pentagonal fuzzy optimization,an alternative approach is developed to solve the downstream supply chain using themixed-integer linear programming(MILP)model to obtain a feasible solution to the fuzzy transportation cost problem.In this model,the coefficient of the transportation costs and parameters is assumed to be a pentagonal fuzzy number.Furthermore,defuzzification is performed using an accuracy function.To validate the model and technique and feasibility solution,an illustrative example of the oil and gas SC is considered,providing improved results compared with existing techniques and demonstrating its ability to benefit petroleum companies is the objective of this study.

长江下游干流沉积物重金属特征及生态风险评价

【研究目的】长江下游干流沿岸分布众多取水口,为保障用水安全和生态环境健康,亟需了解近岸沉积物中重金属相关现状。【研究方法】调查过程中自上而下分左右岸共采集沉积物样品85组,利用描述统计分析重金属含量特征,综合相关性分析和主成分分析探讨重金属来源,采用地累积指数法、污染负荷法分析重金属污染程度,并评估其潜在生态风险。【研究结果】平均含量由高至低为Zn>Cr>Cu>Ni>Pb>As>Cd;上游至下游,Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni呈小幅波动增加趋势,As、Pb呈小幅波动下降趋势,Cd呈较大波动下降趋势;Cd的污染程度最重,主要来源于农业生产等人类活动,1~4级污染分别占比1.18%、1.18%、18.82%和34.12%,Cr和Ni为无污染,主要是工业生产源和地球化学自然源;中等污染程度(1≤PLI_(point)<2)的样点占比34.18%,潜在生态风险指数(RI)为19.48~388.62,轻微潜在生态风险、中等潜在生态风险、强潜在生态风险和极强潜在生态风险占比分别为38.82%、42.35%、17.65%和1.18%。【结论】长江下游干流沉积物中重金属含量较低,流域整体处于轻微—中等风险的无污染状态(PLI_(area)<1),右岸重金属平均含量、污染程度和潜在生态风险均普遍高于左岸。

Study the Effectiveness of ISO 27001 to Mitigate the Cyber Security Threats in the Egyptian Downstream Oil and Gas Industry

As Egyptian oil and gas downstream information technology has grown digitally over the past decade, security breaches against these digitally connected systems have also increased. These cyber security threats could have devastating effects on the operations and reputation of these companies. Preventing such cyberattacks is crucial. Especially, with the significance of the Egyptian oil and gas downstream sector to the local economy and the fact that many of these connected systems are sometimes managed remotely. This paper examines the value of the ISO 27001 standard in mitigating the effect of cyber threat and seeks to inspire decision-makers to the importance of the proactive measures to strengthen their organization’s cybersecurity posture and protect information critical assets. The study stresses the importance of improving the local educational system to bridge the gap between supply and demand for cybersecurity specialists by implementing a structured approach that emphasizes behavior modification to get a high return on investment in cybersecurity awareness.

高梯度磁选中非磁性颗粒的机械夹杂行为

非磁性矿物颗粒的机械夹杂是影响高梯度磁选选择性的重要因素。基于自主设计的高梯度磁选试验装置,对磁介质上、下游累积物进行冷冻、剥离和独立分析,系统研究了各种关键参数对非磁性颗粒机械夹杂行为的影响。结果表明,磁介质下游捕集的选择性都优于上游。非磁性矿物的机械夹杂主要发生在介质上游,增加给矿流速和减小非磁性颗粒的粒度可以提高高梯度磁选的选择性,磁场强度对介质上下游机械夹杂的影响较小。在较低流速条件下,弱化上游捕集和强化下游捕集具有重要意义,并提出了提高选择性的两种潜在技术方案。

数字化转型的溢出效应:扩散还是虹吸?——基于行业内领军企业与行业间产业链双重视角

本文基于创新扩散理论与外部性理论,利用2011—2021年中国上市企业和投入产出表数据,探讨行业内领军企业及行业间产业链上下游企业数字化转型对焦点企业转型的影响。研究结果显示:行业领军企业和产业链上下游企业数字化促进焦点企业转型,且产业链上游促进作用高于下游。一方面,数字化转型存在扩散效应,表现在领军企业与产业链上下游企业通过管理层决策同群效应和知识溢出效应促进焦点企业数字化转型;另一方面,数字化转型也存在虹吸效应,表现在产业链下游企业对焦点企业产生研发人才的虹吸效应,领军企业对焦点企业产生数字资本的虹吸效应。本文的研究对于提高领军企业引领带动作用、提升产业链协同效率具有重要启示,并为建设现代化产业体系提供新思路。

关于加强水库大坝下游水位监测的认识与建议

下游水位监测是1级~5级水库大坝必设的安全监测项目,但在实际建设过程中常常被忽视或误解,不利于充分发挥监测系统作用。通过设置下游水位监测,可以确定准确完整的坝体浸润线位置,支撑智慧水利建设;定量分析监测断面的防渗效果与渗流安全性态,提高渗流安全监测资料分析深度;为大坝渗流计算提供可靠的重要边界条件参数,提升渗流计算成果可靠性与准确性。下游水位监测对大坝安全监测以及大坝安全管理至关重要,建议有条件的水库补充设置下游水位监测,进一步完善大坝安全监测系统。

煤层气产量预测分析决策支持系统在上下游一体化项目生产管理中的应用

通过海量生产数据开展煤层气产量预测是上下游一体化大型项目管理中面临的挑战之一,针对该难题,中国石化集团国际石油勘探开发有限公司海外技术团队研发了煤层气产量预测分析决策支持系统。该系统以SQL、Spotfire、OFM及Enersight等主要应用软件为底层平台,通过二次开发及整合,搭建了数据整合、数据分析、预测转化及成果应用4个主要模块,以煤层气产量预测复杂性及经常出现的问题为切入点,开展煤层气产量预测综合分析、类比分析及递减分析,实现对产量预测的高效管理。该系统具有方便快捷、固定流程、分工明确、团队协作的特点。通过应用实例,展示了该系统针对海量生产数据,自上而下、由面到点、聚焦关键领域,高效筛查出产量预测的关键问题,并提出可行的修正方案,有效提升了煤层气产量预测精准度,为项目投资决策提供有力支持和保障。

全球价值链位置攀升会提高中国企业出口国内增加值率吗?——基于WIOD产业与微观企业统一体系估计

我国全球价值链嵌入深度大但攀升高度不足。本文利用WIOD数据库和海关数据库对企业层面全球价值链攀升高度进行测算,并对企业全球价值链攀升高度与出口国内增加值率的关系进行研究。研究表明:企业攀升全球价值链位置越高、离世界最前沿分工距离越近,越能提高其出口国内增加值率;企业的全球价值链嵌入深度越大,进口质量越高、进口规模越大、进口下游度越大越能降低其出口国内增加值率;加工贸易企业全球价值链地位攀升不能提高其出口国内增加值率,微笑曲线失灵。外资企业的全球价值链攀升提高出口国内增加值率的微笑曲线存在;企业全球价值链攀升能够通过提升全要素生产率、降低中间品进口规模、降低劳动力密集型产业集聚来提高企业出口国内增加值率。鉴于此,我国应该加快企业的自主技术创新与研发、加快中间品内向化与国内价值链构建、促进技术密集型产业集群的发展来推动企业出口国内增加值率提升。

白河包营枢纽船闸下游口门区优化方案研究

包营枢纽下游引航道口门区流场复杂、混乱。为保障内河船舶通航安全,对枢纽下游河道整体水域进行数值模拟研究,分别对比分析扩宽河道、扩宽河道+口门区设置导流墩、扩宽河道+布置隔流堤3种优化方案前后的枢纽通航条件。结果表明,原始方案中,当流量最大时横流、纵流最大流速分别为0.95、3.60 m∕s,超出0.65、1.60 m∕s的安全限值,且延长隔流堤导致末尾处下泄主流出现较大回流、横流的不良流态。最终选定在扩宽河道的基础上设置导流墩为最佳优化方案,与其他方案相比,此方案可加强主流与口门区局部流场的动量交换,减小速度梯度以及主流与口门区夹角,显著改善口门区水流条件,保障船舶通航安全。

结直肠癌组织中lncRNA CCAT2和NDRG1的表达及意义

目的探讨结直肠癌(CRC)患者组织中长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)结肠癌相关转录物2(CCAT2)、N-myc下游调节基因(NDRG)1的表达及与临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法选取2018年2月至2020年2月在南通市中医院行CRC根治性手术治疗的96例CRC患者作为研究对象。采用实时荧光定量PCR检测组织中lncRNA CCAT2、NDRG1 mRNA表达,采用免疫组织化学检测组织中NDRG1蛋白表达,采用Kaplan-Meier曲线分析不同lncRNA CCAT2、NDRG1 mRNA表达组患者的预后差异,采用多因素Cox回归分析CRC预后影响因素。结果与癌旁组织比较,癌组织中lncRNA CCAT2表达较高,NDRG1 mRNA表达及蛋白阳性率较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与TNM分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、无淋巴结转移比较,TNM分期Ⅲ期、有淋巴结转移的CRC患者癌组织中lncRNA CCAT2表达较高,NDRG1 mRNA表达较低(P<0.05)。lncRNA CCAT2高表达组3年累积生存率低于lncRNA CCAT2低表达组,而NDRG1 mRNA高表达组3年累积生存率高于NDRG1 mRNA低表达组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。TNM分期、淋巴结转移,lncRNA CCAT2、NDRG1 mRNA是CRC预后影响因素(P<0.05)。结论CRC组织中lncRNA CCAT2表达升高,NDRG1表达降低,二者均参与CRC肿瘤的进展,可作为评估CRC患者生存预后的新指标。

外资进入促进了企业全球价值链嵌入吗?——基于中国微观企业的经验证据

外资进入是否改变了中国企业的全球价值链嵌入模式?利用中国工业企业数据库和海关贸易数据库在刻画企业全球价值链嵌入模式的动态演进基础上,探讨了外资进入对中国企业全球价值链嵌入模式的影响。研究表明:2000—2013年中国企业上游嵌入度不断提升但程度较小,下游嵌入度相对较大却持续下降,企业全球价值链分工地位整体为负但攀升态势明显;外资进入推动了企业上游环节的嵌入度,对下游环节嵌入度产生明显锁定效应,整体上外资进入的企业全球价值链地位效应表现出显著负向作用;一般贸易企业、外资企业、劳动密集型及低技术水平企业同行业外资进入的全球价值链地位负向效应明显;进一步的动态效应和影响机制分析发现,外资进入对企业全球价值链地位表现出显著动态抑制作用,会通过融资约束效应对企业全球价值链地位产生显著的正向调节效应,从而有利于缓解外资进入的全球价值链“低端锁定”风险。

企业降碳减污协同推进的产业链联动效应

企业降碳减污协同推进不仅是提升环境质量的重要着力点,亦是在市场经济中提升竞争力的关键所在。产业链联动效应是探讨企业降碳减污协同推进的重要视角。基于约束效应、同群效应、规模效应3方面构建理论分析框架,使用2007—2021年沪深A股上市公司样本数据,实证探析产业链上下游企业降碳减污协同推进联动效应的内在机理、联动类型和联动模式。实证结果表明:①产业链上下游企业降碳减污协同推进存在产业链联动效应,有助于焦点企业降碳减污的协同推进。②产业链依赖度越高、行业竞争程度越低、环境不确定性越高以及与上下游企业技术研发合作越紧密的焦点企业,其降碳减污协同推进受到产业链上下游企业降碳减污协同推进的联动效应越强。③界定焦点企业与上下游企业的联动类型发现,企业降碳减污协同推进同时受到上游供应商企业推动和下游客户企业拉动的影响,但是下游客户企业拉动效果更强。④界定焦点企业降碳减污协同推进的学习行为特征发现,焦点企业是通过主动学习来提升降碳减污协同推进能力,跨行业模仿学习对企业降碳减污协同推进提升作用更强。基于以上研究结论,为更好地促进企业微观个体实现降碳减污协同推进目标,强化产业链降碳减污协同推进的联动效应,政府应该制定产业链降碳减污协同推进联动专项规划,精准扶持存在联动困难的企业。企业要加强向具有降碳减污协同推进优势的标杆企业学习,助力碳达峰和碳中和目标提前实现。

企业研发经费的就业效应——基于制造业资本品上下游行业的空间计量分析

加大企业研发经费(R&D经费)投入会对就业产生何种影响是非常值得关注的问题。本文首先建立了基于研发而形成的资本品上下游行业模型,从理论上分析企业R&D经费对就业的影响。然后,基于我国2012—2021年制造业行业数据,运用空间计量的方法对企业R&D经费的就业规模总效应和上下游行业就业结构变化进行实证检验。研究发现:我国企业R&D经费对就业规模总效应不显著;但资本品上游行业企业R&D经费增加会负向影响下游行业就业,使上游行业就业占比增加,发生就业结构上迁。异质性分析表明,设备型上游行业组的就业结构上迁效应明显。机制分析表明,上游行业产品创新增加促进了下游行业的资本品使用,对下游行业劳动力产生替代,促使就业结构向上迁移。研究结论对优化创新和就业政策、减缓摩擦性失业有一定现实意义和参考价值。