Experimental Investigation on the Shape and Depth of Local Scour Hole Downstream of the Release Structure

Local scour downstream of the release structure is a critical problem to the safe and stable operation of water resources and hydropower engineering. In order to investigate the shape and depth of the scour hole under the equilibrium state of erosion and deposition downstream of an apron, a group of 16 experiments from the hydraulic similarity model test of Dangka Hydropower Station?was conducted with the non-cohesive sediment of different median particle sizes under different flow rates in this study. The control variable method was?to?study the influence of the flow rate and sediment size on the shape of the scour hole to define the number of experiment times of each test group. The results showed that the plane shape of the scour hole was irregular ellipse or semi-ellipse. The depth and size of the scour hole increased with the increase of the flow rate, and decreased with the increase of the sediment size;?the downstream longitudinal slope ratio of the scour hole increased with the increase of the sediment size. The coefficients of the upstream and downstream slope ratio of the local scour hole were 1/2 to 1/6 and about 1/10, respectively.

浙江省曹娥江大闸水力特性试验研究

通过整体水工模型和断面水工模型试验以及二维数学模型计算分析,对曹娥江大闸的排涝能力、水流流态、流速分布、闸下消能、闸下局部冲刷、导流堤方案等几个水力学问题进行了系统研究,验证和优化了设计。

泥石流拦砂坝下游局部冲刷研究现状及展望

下游局部冲刷是影响泄水建筑物、泥石流拦砂坝安全运行的共同危害形式之一.对泄水建筑物与泥石流拦砂坝下游局部冲刷的准确认识,是防治下游局部冲刷的依据.以泄水建筑物与拦砂坝下游局部冲刷为研究对象,对下游局部冲刷坑深度计算、冲刷动力来源—水舌和泥舌的研究现状进行阐述与分析.总结得出:对泄水建筑物下游局部冲刷坑深度的计算已有较多计算公式及预测模型,关于其冲刷动力来源—水舌的水力特性也有较全面研究;拦砂坝下游局部冲刷的研究大多借鉴水利工程上的研究成果,然而泥石流属于非牛顿流体、不同于水流,并不能将泄水建筑物下游局部冲刷的研究成果简单应用于泥石流中。此外,对拦砂坝下游局部冲刷的动力来源—泥舌的水力特性认识不够充分.鉴于拦砂坝下游局部冲刷研究中存在的不足,探讨了未来可开展的工作:①基于物质组成和流速分布的泥舌水力特性研究;②基于动力演变过程的泥舌冲击力特征研究;③基于泥石流动力学过程的拦砂坝下游冲刷坑参数计算方法研究.