The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was used to investigate the role of downward momentum transport in the formation of severe surface winds for a squall line on 3-4 June 2009 across regions of the Henan ...The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was used to investigate the role of downward momentum transport in the formation of severe surface winds for a squall line on 3-4 June 2009 across regions of the Henan and Shandong Provinces of China. The results show that there was a strong westerly jet belt with a wind speed greater than 30 m s 1 and a thickness of 5 km at an altitude of 11-16 km. The jet belt was accelerated, and it descended while the squall line convective system occurred. It was found that the appearance of strong negative perturbation pressure accompanied by the squall line caused the acceleration of the upper-level westerly jet and increased the horizontal wind speed by a maximum of 18%. Meanwhile, the negative buoyancy due to the loading, melting, and evaporation of cloud hydrometeors induced the downward momentum transport from the upper levels. The downward momentum transport contributed approximately 70% and the surface cold pool 30% to the formation of severe surface winds.展开更多
Based on NCEP reanalysis data,EDAS data and ground observation data,the causes of a strong sandstorm process in Ulanqab City from March 14 to 15,2021 were analyzed.The analysis shows that"3.15"sandstorm,a sa...Based on NCEP reanalysis data,EDAS data and ground observation data,the causes of a strong sandstorm process in Ulanqab City from March 14 to 15,2021 were analyzed.The analysis shows that"3.15"sandstorm,a sandstorm process accompanied by northwest gale behind the front,was caused by strong cold air in the north.In the early stage,the Mongolian cyclone resulted in the increase of temperature and decrease of pressure on the ground.When a strong surface cold high pressure at the rear of the cyclone invaded the city,a strong pressure gradient between high and low pressure provided dynamic conditions for the sandstorm outbreak.The transit of the surface cold front was the sign of the sandstorm outbreak,and the downward transmission of momentum at high altitudes increased the wind speed near the surface.展开更多
利用宁夏25个常规地面观测站逐时资料和欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)ERA-Interim逐6 h 0.125o×0.125o分辨率再分析资料,对宁夏2016年5月11日大风扬沙天气过程的天气形势、影响系统及其热力、动力条件和形成机制进行了分析。结果表...利用宁夏25个常规地面观测站逐时资料和欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)ERA-Interim逐6 h 0.125o×0.125o分辨率再分析资料,对宁夏2016年5月11日大风扬沙天气过程的天气形势、影响系统及其热力、动力条件和形成机制进行了分析。结果表明:(1)大风和扬沙呈现出时间位相上的不一致性,沙尘超前大风约6 h。(2)200 h Pa高空急流、500 h Pa锋区、700 h Pa低空急流和地面冷锋是此次过程的主要影响系统。(3)大风在不同阶段对扬沙起不同作用,在初期有利于扬沙的传输,后期对扬沙起抑制作用。(4)动量下传和变压风是大风形成和发展的直接原因,感热通量通过加强地面湍流形成混合层,从而引导动量下传是其间接原因,动量下传的重要机制是对流层高层高位涡的下传,过程风力最强时位涡高值区(≥2.0 PVU)由200 h Pa下传至520 h Pa。(5)扬沙的产生主要是冷平流和感热通量形成的热力不稳定共同作用的结果,变压风和动量下传大风是扬沙的输送机制,次级环流缺失和冷平流中心过低(750 h Pa)对沙尘输送高度的抑制作用是沙尘天气偏弱的主要原因。展开更多
基金supported by the National Meteorology Public Welfare Industry Research Project(GYHY200806001)the National Science and Technology Support Program (2006BAC12B03)
文摘The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was used to investigate the role of downward momentum transport in the formation of severe surface winds for a squall line on 3-4 June 2009 across regions of the Henan and Shandong Provinces of China. The results show that there was a strong westerly jet belt with a wind speed greater than 30 m s 1 and a thickness of 5 km at an altitude of 11-16 km. The jet belt was accelerated, and it descended while the squall line convective system occurred. It was found that the appearance of strong negative perturbation pressure accompanied by the squall line caused the acceleration of the upper-level westerly jet and increased the horizontal wind speed by a maximum of 18%. Meanwhile, the negative buoyancy due to the loading, melting, and evaporation of cloud hydrometeors induced the downward momentum transport from the upper levels. The downward momentum transport contributed approximately 70% and the surface cold pool 30% to the formation of severe surface winds.
文摘Based on NCEP reanalysis data,EDAS data and ground observation data,the causes of a strong sandstorm process in Ulanqab City from March 14 to 15,2021 were analyzed.The analysis shows that"3.15"sandstorm,a sandstorm process accompanied by northwest gale behind the front,was caused by strong cold air in the north.In the early stage,the Mongolian cyclone resulted in the increase of temperature and decrease of pressure on the ground.When a strong surface cold high pressure at the rear of the cyclone invaded the city,a strong pressure gradient between high and low pressure provided dynamic conditions for the sandstorm outbreak.The transit of the surface cold front was the sign of the sandstorm outbreak,and the downward transmission of momentum at high altitudes increased the wind speed near the surface.
文摘利用宁夏25个常规地面观测站逐时资料和欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)ERA-Interim逐6 h 0.125o×0.125o分辨率再分析资料,对宁夏2016年5月11日大风扬沙天气过程的天气形势、影响系统及其热力、动力条件和形成机制进行了分析。结果表明:(1)大风和扬沙呈现出时间位相上的不一致性,沙尘超前大风约6 h。(2)200 h Pa高空急流、500 h Pa锋区、700 h Pa低空急流和地面冷锋是此次过程的主要影响系统。(3)大风在不同阶段对扬沙起不同作用,在初期有利于扬沙的传输,后期对扬沙起抑制作用。(4)动量下传和变压风是大风形成和发展的直接原因,感热通量通过加强地面湍流形成混合层,从而引导动量下传是其间接原因,动量下传的重要机制是对流层高层高位涡的下传,过程风力最强时位涡高值区(≥2.0 PVU)由200 h Pa下传至520 h Pa。(5)扬沙的产生主要是冷平流和感热通量形成的热力不稳定共同作用的结果,变压风和动量下传大风是扬沙的输送机制,次级环流缺失和冷平流中心过低(750 h Pa)对沙尘输送高度的抑制作用是沙尘天气偏弱的主要原因。
