Influence of the inner tilt angle on downwash airflow field of multi-rotor UAV based on wireless wind speed acquisition system

The downwash airflow field is an important factor influencing the spraying performance of plant protection UAV,and the structural design of rotors directly affects the characteristics of the downwash airflow field.Therefore,in this study,three-dimensional models of a six-rotor UAV with various inner tilt angles were established to simulate and analyze the influence of the inner tilt angle on the downwash airflow field based on the Reynolds average NS equation,RNG k-εturbulence model,etc..On this basis,a wireless wind speed acquisition system using the TCP server was developed to carry out the test through the marked points with real-time detection.The simulation results show that,the variation of inner tilt angles of the six-rotor UAV did not cause significant difference in the time dimension of the downwash airflow field,and with the change of the inner tilt angle from 0°to 8°,the distribution of downwash airflow field tended to obliquely shrink towards the central axis direction,and the amplitude of linear attenuation of airflow speed was also increased,which the difference of attenuation amplitude was 1 m/s.Besides,under the different inner tilt angle,the airflow velocity in“lead in area”was significantly greater than that in the“lead out area”,and the difference of air velocity distribution in space would affect the uniformity of droplet deposition.Through the calibration test,the measurement accuracy error of the developed system was lower than 0.3 m/s,and the adjusted R2 of the calibration fitting equation was higher than 0.99.The test and simulation values at test points from 0.2-2.3 m below the rotors exhibit the same variation trend,and the average relative error at the height of 1.1-2.3 m below the rotors and 0.2-0.8 m near the ground was within 10%and 20%,respectively.The simulation and test results were highly reliable,which could provide basis and reference for the design and optimization of plant protection drones.

小型植保无人机下洗气流场影响雾滴运动特性规律研究

为了研究小型无人机下洗气流场对雾滴运动特性的影响规律,以小型无人机为基础,采用Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程、realizable k-ε模型和Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equations算法,对施药过程中的下洗气流场和雾滴离散运动进行了详细的数值模拟分析。研究分析无人机下洗气流的速度特性、雾滴沉积特性以及作业高度对农药沉积效果的影响。通过试验结果可知,模拟值与试验值的相对误差在20%以内,验证了下洗气流场数值模型的可行性。进一步模拟分析结果表明,在无人机喷药平台的影响下,下洗气流场在距离旋翼1 m处达到速度峰值。随着作业高度的增加,雾滴逐渐分散并扩散。雾滴主要分布在两个“气流引入区”和两个“气流导出区”,该分布特征有助于优化施药效果和提高农药的使用效率。根据分析结果,当无人机飞行作业姿态与地表保持平行,且将作业高度调整至0.8~1.0 m之间时,可显著提高农药沉积量,从而提高植保无人机的施药效果。本研究验证了下洗气流场数值模型的可行性,为小型植保无人机的对靶雾滴漂移及沉积研究提供了参考依据。

环境风速对六旋翼无人机下洗气流和雾滴沉积影响研究

小型多旋翼植保无人机存在农药飘移、雾滴沉积不均等问题,为此本文结合RANS方程、SST k-ω湍流模型和SIMPLE算法,对耦合六旋翼植保无人机下洗气流场和喷雾雾滴的两相流场进行数值模拟计算,探析环境风速对无人机下洗气流和农药雾滴沉积的影响。机身下方空间点风速试验和模拟值相对误差在15%以内,验证了数值模型的准确性。数值模拟结果表明:植保无人机飞行作业时,来流造成无人机下洗风场出现漩涡,来流速度对机身正下方流场的影响大于其对旋翼正下方流场的影响;侧风造成无人机下洗风场出现较大漩涡,下洗风场稳定性降低;两侧旋翼正下方对称布置喷嘴提高了雾滴沉积均匀性,来流造成雾滴卷积,雾滴飘移量随着来流速度提高而增大。综合各因素,无人机喷嘴应在旋翼下方对称布置,在小型六旋翼植保无人机实际作业时,无人机作业方向需要与外界环境风向保持平行,同时在晴朗环境下施药作业,从而降低雾滴飘移,提高农药利用率。

不同飞行参数下八旋翼植保无人机下洗气流场对雾滴沉积分布特性的影响

近年来,应用植保无人机防治农业有害生物已成为中国植保机械发展的一大新亮点。无人机旋翼提供飞行升力的同时具有下洗气流场,低空低量施药作业雾滴沉积分布质量优劣与旋翼下洗气流场的作用密不可分。为探究植保无人机旋翼下洗气流场对喷雾效果的影响,本研究以当前植保无人机主流机型——"X型"布局八旋翼无人机为研究对象,采用实际作业测试方式,利用微气象测量系统测定无人机飞行状态下旋翼下方不同水平位置下洗气流场风速,同时采用诱惑红示踪剂水溶液代替农药喷雾获取喷雾沉积分布情况,重点对下洗气流场分布实测结果进行可视化分析,包括不同飞行高度、不同速度下旋翼下洗气流场分布特性与雾滴沉积分布特性以及二者的相互关系。测试结果显示:八旋翼植保无人机飞行过程中随着飞行速度加快(1.0~6.0 m/s)和飞行高度升高(1~2 m),冠层位置X、Y、Z三向下洗气流场总体表现为气流强度由强到弱、分布状态由集中到分散的变化趋势;X方向气流来源于下洗气流与外界空气相互作用产生的卷扬气流,对喷施雾滴的作用为逆飞行方向;Y方向为下洗卷扬气流以及地面效应共同作用的结果,对雾滴的作用为垂直于航线朝向两侧;Z方向为下洗气流竖直向下方向分量,对雾滴下降沉积具有直接促进作用;飞行速度与下洗气流场范围内风速峰值(P<0.05,r=-0.836)和有效喷幅内平均沉积量(P<0.05,r=-0.833)均表现出显著负相关;在飞行速度为1.0 m/s和3.0 m/s时,雾滴沉积量与下洗气流场风速均呈现极显著正相关关系(P<0.01,r>0),即垂直地面方向的下洗气流场越强,有效喷幅内沉积的雾滴越多;速度加快至6.0 m/s,风速显著降低,气流场对雾滴沉积的促进作用逐步消失(P>0.05)。因此,植保无人机作业时飞行速度不应设置超过6.0 m/s,避免因下洗气流场作用减弱而导致雾滴损失。本研究结果可为改善低空低量施药作业质量和无人机田间作业规范的制定提供技术参考和支撑。