尽管迎风的配置在风精力的领域里是更流行的，顺风的是一种有希望的类型为近海由于它的特殊优点弯屈精力。不同配置有不同空气动力学的性能和它是重要的为设计并且发展中更可靠的风汽轮机精确地预言顺风、迎风的配置的表演。在这份报纸...尽管迎风的配置在风精力的领域里是更流行的，顺风的是一种有希望的类型为近海由于它的特殊优点弯屈精力。不同配置有不同空气动力学的性能和它是重要的为设计并且发展中更可靠的风汽轮机精确地预言顺风、迎风的配置的表演。在这份报纸，在顺风、迎风的配置的国家可更新的精力实验室(NREL ) 阶段 VI 风汽轮机的空气动力学的表演上的数字调查被介绍。结合的开放源代码工具箱 OpenFOAM 任意的网孔接口(AMI ) 方法被使用处理风汽轮机的旋转问题。NREL 阶段 VI 的数字模型弯屈的二 3D 有在到来的风速度的四个典型工作条件下面的顺风、迎风的配置的汽轮机分别地为顺风、迎风的配置的不同不稳定的特征的学习被建立。数字结果弄醒旋涡结构，戳的时间历史，片上的压力分发并且限制优化哪个能被用来鉴别在 3D 流动的分离的点被介绍。戳减小为迎风的风汽轮机，但是相对由于片塔相互作用是小的，这能被结束为汽轮机和注意应该在周期的减小为两种配置导致的某个频率被付到颤动的顺风的风大。结果和结论是有用的分析在顺风、迎风的配置之间的风汽轮机的不同空气动力学的表演，提供为风汽轮机的实际设计的有用参考书。展开更多
In the studies of fate and transport of air emissions from animal feeding operations,Gaussian based dispersion models have been commonly used to predict downwind pollutant concentrations through forward modeling appro...In the studies of fate and transport of air emissions from animal feeding operations,Gaussian based dispersion models have been commonly used to predict downwind pollutant concentrations through forward modeling approach,or to derive emission rates and emission factors through inverse dispersion modeling approach.In the Gaussian dispersion modeling process,downwind sampling location and sampling height could generate significant impact on accuracy of the model validation,or inverse modeling results based upon field measurements.This study theoretically analyzed the impact of downwind locations and sampling height on Gaussian dispersion modeling.It was discovered that the field sampling needs to be conducted at the locations beyond the plume touching-ground distance,at a downwind distance as short as 5 m for the case scenario with zero rise of emission plume under the atmospheric stability class C,or as long as 297 m for the case scenario with 15 m rise of emission plume under the atmospheric stability class F.In order to measure the PM concentrations of the dispersion plume,the minimum sampling height at the locations within the plume touching-ground distance varied from ground level to as high as almost 14 m,whereas for the locations beyond the plume touching-ground distance,a sampling height of ground level would be acceptable.展开更多
In this short paper,we have treated the aerodynamic performance of micro downwind rotor with coning soft blades experimentally.The test wind rotor has the tip diameter of 1.5 m and three two-dimensional NACA0018 blade...In this short paper,we have treated the aerodynamic performance of micro downwind rotor with coning soft blades experimentally.The test wind rotor has the tip diameter of 1.5 m and three two-dimensional NACA0018 blades of 0.15 m chord whose material is light,soft and pliable foam plastic for perfect safety.From the wind tunnel test,it is realized that the performance is manageable by the coning angle of the rotor blade.In the present case,an improvement of the performance in lower wind speeds is achieved by using the coning blade of 20°.Besides,owing to the torsional deformation of very soft blade,the self-power control characteristic is observed in every test rotor regardless of coning angle in the range of 0°-20° under the wind speed less than 12 m/s.展开更多
基金Foundation item： Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 51379125, 51411130131, 11432009）, the National Key Basic Research Development Plan （973 Plan） Project of China （Grant No. 2013CB036103）, High Technology of Marine Research Project of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, ABS（China）, and the Program for Professor of Special Appointment （Eastern Scholar） at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning （Grant No. 2013022）.
文摘尽管迎风的配置在风精力的领域里是更流行的，顺风的是一种有希望的类型为近海由于它的特殊优点弯屈精力。不同配置有不同空气动力学的性能和它是重要的为设计并且发展中更可靠的风汽轮机精确地预言顺风、迎风的配置的表演。在这份报纸，在顺风、迎风的配置的国家可更新的精力实验室(NREL ) 阶段 VI 风汽轮机的空气动力学的表演上的数字调查被介绍。结合的开放源代码工具箱 OpenFOAM 任意的网孔接口(AMI ) 方法被使用处理风汽轮机的旋转问题。NREL 阶段 VI 的数字模型弯屈的二 3D 有在到来的风速度的四个典型工作条件下面的顺风、迎风的配置的汽轮机分别地为顺风、迎风的配置的不同不稳定的特征的学习被建立。数字结果弄醒旋涡结构，戳的时间历史，片上的压力分发并且限制优化哪个能被用来鉴别在 3D 流动的分离的点被介绍。戳减小为迎风的风汽轮机，但是相对由于片塔相互作用是小的，这能被结束为汽轮机和注意应该在周期的减小为两种配置导致的某个频率被付到颤动的顺风的风大。结果和结论是有用的分析在顺风、迎风的配置之间的风汽轮机的不同空气动力学的表演，提供为风汽轮机的实际设计的有用参考书。
基金supported by the NSF-CAREER Award No.CBET-0954673.
文摘In the studies of fate and transport of air emissions from animal feeding operations,Gaussian based dispersion models have been commonly used to predict downwind pollutant concentrations through forward modeling approach,or to derive emission rates and emission factors through inverse dispersion modeling approach.In the Gaussian dispersion modeling process,downwind sampling location and sampling height could generate significant impact on accuracy of the model validation,or inverse modeling results based upon field measurements.This study theoretically analyzed the impact of downwind locations and sampling height on Gaussian dispersion modeling.It was discovered that the field sampling needs to be conducted at the locations beyond the plume touching-ground distance,at a downwind distance as short as 5 m for the case scenario with zero rise of emission plume under the atmospheric stability class C,or as long as 297 m for the case scenario with 15 m rise of emission plume under the atmospheric stability class F.In order to measure the PM concentrations of the dispersion plume,the minimum sampling height at the locations within the plume touching-ground distance varied from ground level to as high as almost 14 m,whereas for the locations beyond the plume touching-ground distance,a sampling height of ground level would be acceptable.
文摘In this short paper,we have treated the aerodynamic performance of micro downwind rotor with coning soft blades experimentally.The test wind rotor has the tip diameter of 1.5 m and three two-dimensional NACA0018 blades of 0.15 m chord whose material is light,soft and pliable foam plastic for perfect safety.From the wind tunnel test,it is realized that the performance is manageable by the coning angle of the rotor blade.In the present case,an improvement of the performance in lower wind speeds is achieved by using the coning blade of 20°.Besides,owing to the torsional deformation of very soft blade,the self-power control characteristic is observed in every test rotor regardless of coning angle in the range of 0°-20° under the wind speed less than 12 m/s.
