Extracellular matrix based biomaterials for central nervous system tissue repair: the benefits and drawbacks

Functional repair of injured tissue in the adult central nervous system （CNS） still remains a big challenge for current biomed- ical research and its upcoming clinical translation. The axonal regeneration of the adult CNS is generally low, and it is addi- tionally restricted after injury by the presence of inhibitory mol- ecules, generated by the glial scar.

Potential Economic Pitfalls Call for Removal of Institutional Drawbacks——An Interview with Mr. FAN Gang (樊纲), Ph.D. of Economics, Doctoral Advisor, Director of National Research Institute of Economics

The continuous rise of consumer price index (CPI) has increased concern over China's macroeconomic situation. Will inflation have a disastrous impact on the Chinese economy? What risks are brewing behind the booming real estate and stock markets? Have bubbles already occurred in the Chinese economy? From his office in Guohong Building, Beijing, Dr. Fan Gang gave his views on these questions in an exclusive interview with China Economist.

The Drawbacks and Related Strategies in Using of Multimedia in Practical Teaching

With the development of modem scientific technology, multimedia teaching as a new teaching method has got involved in the practical teaching. Making full use of this method will bring great benefits for English teaching. Besides the unique advantages and the present situations of multimedia applied in English teaching, it is more important for us to find out its drawbacks in practical teaching process, such as the ineffective application of multimedia by teachers. Then, the related strategies mast be put forward improving the teaching facilities of multimedia. This paper mainly discusses the related strategies in order to create a better teaching environment and facilitate the training of teachers. After studying this paper, we will have a good knowledge of the multimedia teaching. Consequently, we can apply the multimedia into the traditional teaching. Multimedia resources are also very useful for teachers to meet the requirements in our modem society. Meanwhile, it will promote the teaching reform and improve the level of education in our country.

Basic Education in China:Achievements and Drawbacks

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Overcoming the Potential Drawbacks of Artificial Intelligence in Psychotherapy: Literature Updates

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has progressively impacted healthcare around the world. The increasing need for readily available mental health services, coupled with the swift advancement of novel technologies, prompts conversations over the viability of psychotherapy approaches using engagements with AI. Despite the positive impacts, there are recognizable drawbacks associated with the application of AI in psychotherapy. Establishing a therapeutic alliance is difficult for non-human entities. Psychotherapy is a task too complex for limited artificial intelligence. AI appears capable of handling jobs that are clearly defined and relatively straightforward. Besides, AI malfunctions, data confidentiality, informed consent, and risk of bias are potential concerns. We present a literature update of possible solutions to overcome these concerns.

Concept of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Its Use in Orthopaedic Practice: Applications and Pitfalls: A Narrative Review

Background: The growth and use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the medical field is rapidly rising. AI is exhibiting a practical tool in the healthcare industry in patient care. The objective of this current review is to assess and analyze the use of AI and its use in orthopedic practice, as well as its applications, limitations, and pitfalls. Methods: A review of all relevant databases such as EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, Science Citation Index, Scopus, and Web of Science with keywords of AI, orthopedic surgery, applications, and drawbacks. All related articles on AI and orthopaedic practice were reviewed. A total of 3210 articles were included in the review. Results: The data from 351 studies were analyzed where in orthopedic surgery. AI is being used for diagnostic procedures, radiological diagnosis, models of clinical care, and utilization of hospital and bed resources. AI has also taken a chunk of share in assisted robotic orthopaedic surgery. Conclusions: AI has now become part of the orthopedic practice and will further increase its stake in the healthcare industry. Nonetheless, clinicians should remain aware of AI’s serious limitations and pitfalls and consider the drawbacks and errors in its use.

Recent Advancements in Intestinal Microbiota Analyses:A Review for Non-Microbiologists

Microbial constituents naturally inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract may influence the homeostasis of the gut environment.The presence or overabundance of some bacterial taxa has been reported to be associated with complex diseases,and the metabolites of certain bacteria may contribute to diverse disorders by influencing signaling pathways.Therefore,the study of gut microbial population has emerged as a crucial field and a new potential area of clinical significance. Advances in the methods of microbiota analysis have shed light upon the details including species diversity,microfloral activities as well as the entire gut microbiota.Nevertheless,comprehensive reviews on this subject are still limited.For elucidating the appropriate selection strategy of the methods to address a particular research question,we comprehensively reviewed the continuously improving technologies,classical to newly developed,and dissected their relative advantages and drawbacks.In addition,aiming at the rapidly advancing next-generation sequencing,we enumerated the improvements in mainstream platforms and made the horizontal and vertical comparison among them.Additionally,we demonstrated the four main-omics methods,which may provide further mechanistic insights into the role of microbiota,to propel phylotyping analysis to functional analysis.

Gauge dependence of chiral condensate and fermion mass by an unquenched model

Based on three-dimensional quantum electrodynamics theory,a set of truncated Dyson-Schwinger（D-S） equations are solved to study photon and fermion propagators with the effect of vacuum polarization.Numerical studies show that condensation and the value of fermion mass depends heavily on how the D-S equations are truncated.By solving a set of coupled D-S equations,it is also found that the fermion propagator shows a clear dependence on the order parameter.The truncated D-S equations under unquenched approximation are used to study the mass-function and chiral condensation of the fermions.The results under the unquenched approximation are clearly different from the ones under quenched approximation.With the increase in the order parameter,the fermion condensation in the unquenched approximation decreases when 0≤ξ5,while it increases when ξ5.However,nothing like this is observed in the quenched approximation,which indicates that there may be flaws in the quenched approximations.

Syllabus in the Light of Keeping Pace with the Times

Drawing up of syllabus plays a very important role in directing college English teaching. With the fast developing pace of the situation and the increasing requirements for undergraduates＇ English level, the available Syllabus is obviously far from satisfaction. This paper, from six perspectives, expounds the inadequacies and drawbacks of the Syllabus. It points out that college English teaching and the Syllabus need reform and should keep pace with the times.

＂Events＂ Approach to Basic Accounting Theory： How Far Away Can It Go

As a totally new accounting theory, ＂events＂ approach to basic accounting theory tends to reform traditional accounting theory. Its main idea is providing detailed information about economic events that allow individual users to generate their own input values for their own individual decision model. From existing literature, we can find that this theory has not formed a perfect system, study on it is not deep and the theory itself has some drawbacks. The goal of this paper is to introduce this theory systematically. By analyzing the drawbacks of this theory, this paper proposes some solutions to improve it.

Analysis of Multi-Component Non-Stationary Signals Using Fourier-Bessel Series and Wigner-Hough Transform

We presented a novel Fourier-Bessel（FB）series and Wigner-Hough transform（WHT） method for the analysis of multi-component non-stationary signals.The FB series decomposed multi-component nonstationary signals into mono-component signals. The Wigner-Ville distribution（WVD） was applied to each mono-component signal to analyze its time-frequency distribution（TFD）. Summing up the WVDs of the individual components resulted in TFDs of the multicomponent signals, where the cross terms and noise were significantly reduced. The Hough transform（HT）was applied on the TFD of the multi-component signal（obtained from FB-WVD）. The HT provides an important tool for mapping the signals onto a parameter space where the detection and estimation problems are made easier. This mapping can be used in the detection and parameter estimation of signals which are unknown and embedded in noise.

NUMERICAL MODELING OF SUSPENSION TWO-PHASE FLOWS AND THEIR COMBUSTION CURRENT STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT

The background, history and development of numerical modeling of suspension two-phase flows and their combustion are reviewed. Different models, including single-fluid model, particle trajectory model, multifluid model and continuum-trajectory model, their numerical procedure and application are discussed. The advantage and drawback of these models are analyzed. Finally, the prospect of development is described and the contributions made by the present author are also incorporated.

Security for Industrial Communication Systems

B. Network Architectures This section describes the main types of industrial and utility communication network topologies and protocols, in preparation for the discussion of specific security issues in the later sections. Communication networks for industrial automation are typically built in hierarchi-

Compensation to the output drift for cooled infrared imaging systems at various ambient temperatures

A method is proposed to compensate the output drift for cooled infrared imaging systems at various ambient temperatures. By calibrating the cryogenic infrared detector which absorbs the radiant flux of blackbody directly, the internal factors can be obtained. Then, by combining the calibration result of infrared imaging system at an arbitrary ambient temperature, the output drift can be calculated and compensated at various integration time and ambient temperatures. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method can eliminate the effect of ambient temperature fluctuation on the system output efficiently.

APPROXIMATE THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF PRACTICAL STEAM INJECTION GAS TURBINE CYCLE

The idea of steam injection gas turbine cycle system is to inject steam generated by gas turbine exhaust gas into the gas turbine itself in order to raise its specific output and efficiency. The main advantages of this cycle are: the part load performance is excellent when it is used for cogeneration, the system is rather simple compared with conventional combined cycles; its drawback is the consumption of certain amount of make-up water, although the quantity is not very large and the expenditure is not expensive.

Identification of Issues Concerning Contemporary Western Literary Criticism:With Concurrent Reflections on the Reconstruction of Chinese Literary Criticism

While fully affirming the positive influence that contemporary Western literary criticism has exerted on the construction of Chinese literary criticism, it is necessary to exercise discrimination with regard to contemporary Western literary criticism itself, to review its effectiveness when applied to Chinese literary practice, and finally to consider the reconstruction of Chinese literary criticism. Contemporary Western literary criticism has the following major limitations： it is detached from literary practice, interpreting both literary texts and literary experience in the light of the ready-made theories of other disciplines and generalizing them as universal literary rules; its criticism and even demolition of previous theories and methods mean that views with some reasonable elements are carried to extremes; and it uses a fixed one-size-fits-all model of scientism to expound particular texts. Contemporary Western literary criticism grows in the soil of Western culture, which differs from Chinese culture in terms of language, ethics and aesthetics; that determines the limitations of its theoretical application. The basic points for the construction of Chinese literary criticism are as follows： firstly, it should abandon its excessive reliance on foreign theories, and return to Chinese literary practice; secondly, it should uphold our national direction, return to theChinese context, and fully absorb the heritage of traditional Chinese literary criticism; and thirdly, it should understand and handle appropriately the relation between internal and external research and should build a research paradigm for the dialectical unity of the two.

Revenue-Constrained Combination of an Optimal Tariff and Duty Drawback

A duty drawback is an export subsidy determined as a percentage of the tariffs paid on the imported inputs used in its production. This paper examines the revenue-constrained optimal tariff structure in a small open economy including a duty drawback as a trade policy tool. This paper has two main aims. First, we show that the revenue-constrained optimal combination of tariff and duty drawback for a given revenue level is not unique. Second, we show that if the optimal import tariff rates are all positive when the duty drawback rate is zero, then the optimal import tariff rates are always positive when the duty drawback is positive.