Preparation of Thermal Insulation Ceramics Using Felsic Tailings as Main Raw Material and Soda-ash Dregs as Flux

Low-cost thermal insulation porous ceramics with uniform pore diameter and low bulk density were prepared with soda-ash dregs and felsic tailings.We investigated the effect of temperature,foaming agent,fluxing agent,Al_(2)O_(3)and CaO content on the pore structure and crystal phase of porous ceramics.The effect of Ca^(2+)in soda-ash dregs on the preparation of quartz-feldspar based porous ceramics was studied.The results showed that the contribution of Ca^(2+)to the preparation of porous ceramics in this system was mainly to accelerate the Si-O bond fracture and reduce the sintering temperature at the initial stage of sintering,which destroyed the needle-like feldspar in the high temperature melt and reduced the melt viscosity,thus reduced the foaming resistance and promoted the porous products with uniform pore size distribution.The Ca^(2+)content on the high side can participate in the formation of crystals in sintering.The generated needle-like diopside and augite,which have small length-diameter ratio,will negligibly change in the viscosity of melt at high temperatures,and their inhibition effect on pores is not as good as that of feldspar with large length-diameter ratio,resulting in the merger and collapse of pores.But the increase of diopside and augite can improve the compressive strength of porous products to some extent.Porous ceramic products containing needle-like feldspar phase can be prepared by using two kinds of solid waste,which can improve the compressive strength of the products and reduce the raw material cost and energy consumption while comprehensively utilizing the double solid waste.The optimal product has a bulk density of 0.45 g/cm^(3),a compressive strength of 3.17 MPa,and a thermal conductivity of 0.11 W/(m·K).

Study on Tanshinone Extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. Dregs

[Objective]The aim was to extract tanshinone from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. dregs and to determine tanshinone components. [Method]Organic solvent method was adopted to extract tanshinone from S. miltiorrhiza dregs and TLC was used to determine the optimum extraction solvent. The components of tanshinone were measured with HPLC. [Result]Ether was the best solvent to extract tanshinone from S. miltiorrhiza dregs. After water immersion,dry dregs of S. miltiorrhiza and Panax notoginseng were extracted with ethanol to obtain fat-soluble extracts. Then with ether as the solvent for Soxhlet extraction,the yield of crude tanshinone was 2.17%. The HPLC detection showed that the contents of tanshinone Ⅱ A,methylene tanshinquinone,cryptotanshinone,tanshinone Ⅰ were 3.62%,1.02%,2.56%,2.75% respectively. [Conclusion]The components of tanshinone in S. miltiorrhiza dregs were basically the same as tanshinone in medicine S. miltiorrhiza. S. miltiorrhiza dregs could be used as a kind of tanshinone resource,which has the value of development and utilization.

Exploration of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory peptides from walnut dreg proteins based on in silico and in vitro analysis

Walnut dreg protein hydrolysates(WDPHs)exhibit a variety of biological activities,however,the cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)inhibitory peptide of WDPHs remain unclear.The aim of this study was to rapidly screen for such peptides in WDPHs through a combination of in silico and in vitro analysis.In total,1262 peptide sequences were observed by nano liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry(nano LC-MS/MS)and 4 novel COX-2 inhibitory peptides(AGFP,FPGA,LFPD,and VGFP)were identified.Enzyme kinetic data indicated that AGFP,FPGA,and LFPD displayed mixed-type COX-2 inhibition,whereas VGFP was a non-competitive inhibitor.This is mainly because the peptides form hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with residues in the COX-2 active site.These results demonstrate that computer analysis combined with in vitro evaluation allows for rapid screening of COX-2 inhibitory peptides in walnut protein dregs.

Optimization of Microwave Extraction of Flavonoids from Water Chestnut Skin Dregs with Response Surface Method

[Objective] In order to take full advantage of processing by-product of water chestnut, the microwave extraction method of flavonoids from water chestnut skin dregs was optimized. The extracted flavonoids had a relatively high yield. [Method] The Box-Behnken design-based response surface method was adopted to optimize the microwave extraction of flavonoids from water chestnut skin dregs, a by-product of water chestnut starch. The mathematical relationships between various influencing factors and flavonoids yield were established. [Result] The optimum extraction conditions of flavonoids from water chestnut skin dregs were as follows： ethanol concentration of 55.4%, solid/liquid ratio of 1：30 g/ml, microwave power of 320 W, microwave time of 3 min and microwave time of 2 times. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the theoretical flavonoids yield was 2.376%. However, the actual flavonoids yield under the optimum extraction conditions was 2.365%. The relative error between actual values and theoretically predicted values was 0.461%. [Conclusion] The results showed the optimized extraction method is reliable, and it can provide a reference for the comprehensive and highly efficient utilization of water chestnut processing wastes.

Effect of Glycerol Concentration and Heating Treatment on Delignification and Bioethanol Production of Sago Dregs

The purpose of this paper was to find the suitable condition between glycerol concentration and heating time treatment in the process of delignification and bioethanol production. The production of bioethanol consisted of 3 main stages： hydrolysis, fermentation, and distillation. The best result was obtained by a glycerol concentration of 90% and 15 minutes of heating time. It was used to delignify the lignocellulose biomass waste of the sago dregs originally containing 36.56% of lignin, 37.6% of or-cellulose and 39.51% of holocellulose. Then after being delignificated by 90% of glycerol concentration with 15 minutes heating time, the lignin content decreased to 19.3%, while a-cellulose increased to 39.64% and holocellulose also increased to 62.18%. After the delignification was successful, it was followed by the bioethanol production to produce 25% of bioethanol. This research is expected to overcome the problem of the energy crisis, food crisis, and environmental pollution by the sago dregs.

Optimization of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition by rice dregs hydrolysates using response surface methodology

Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides have been shown to have antihypertensive effects and have been utilized for physiologically functional foods and pharmaceuticals. The ACE inhibitory ability of a hydrolysate is de- termined by its peptide composition. However, the peptide composition of a hydrolysate depends on proteolytic enzyme and the hydrolysis conditions. In this study, the effect of process conditions on the ACE inhibitory activity of rice dregs hydrolyzed with a trypsin was investigated systematically using response surface methodology. It was shown that the ACE inhibitory activity of rice dregs hydrolysates could be controlled by regulation of five process conditions. Hydrolysis conditions for optimal ACE inhibition were defined using the response surface model of fractional factorial design (FFD), steepest ascent design, and central composite design (CCD).

Development of Bean Dreg Bread and Quality Evaluation

The research compared differences between bean dreg breads and common breads from perspectives of sensory quality, texture and taste.

The Study of Otsu Algorithm Applied in the Measuring of Ash Proportion

To further improve the boiler ash ratio detection methods and resource utilization, through image processing technology for boiler ash ratio analysis, the article first studied the one-dimensional Otsu algorithm, and then for the one-dimensional Otsu algorithm, in order to improve the accuracy of the algorithm, then it puts forward a two-dimensional Otsu algorithm. Finally the two-dimensional Otsu algorithm combined with the one-dimensional Otsu algorithm and the improved Otsu algorithm. By analyzing the improved Otsu algorithm, this paper considers the pixel gray value, neighborhood information, excluding light, noise and the relative efficiency of one-dimensional Otsu algorithm higher accuracy. The relative dimensional Otsu algorithm operating efficiency has been greatly improved. Improved Otsu algorithm in dealing with boiler ash ratio detection has played a very good part in the ecological environment, economic development and some other important aspects.

Electrochemical lithium storage performance of three-dimensional foam-like biocarbon/MoS2 composites

Molybdenum disulfide(MoS2)was loaded on biocarbon using waste camellia dregs(CDs)as the carbon source,which was further coated with dopamine hydrochloride to construct biocarbon/MoS2 electrode composites.The electrochemical lithium storage performance of the composites with different MoS2 contents was investigated.SEM results demonstrated that the composite had a three-dimensional foam-like structure with MoS2 as the interlayer.XRD and HRTEM tests revealed that MoS2 interlayer spacing in the composite was expanded.XPS analysis showed that new Mo—N bonds were formed in the active material.The electrochemical tests showed that the composite with a MoS2 content of 63%had a high initial specific capacity of 1434 mA·h/g at a current density of 100 mA/g.After a long cycle at a high current,it also showed good cycling stability and the capacity retention was nearly 100%.In addition,it had good lithium ion deintercalation ability in the electrochemical kinetics test.

Study on Drying Edible Soya-bean Oil Using Solar Energy

Soya-bean oil （bean dregs） was dried in a solar energy drying system. Characteristics of the process were measured and the corresponding curves were done. The practicability of this process has been discussed. The results showed that the solar drying system could completely meet technological requirements of drying soy-bean oil, and it was feasible in technology to use the solar drying system to dry the vegetable oil.

Identification and characterization of soybean dreg soluble dietary fibre by combination of extrusion pre-treatment and enzymatic modification

OBJECTIVES:Soybean dreg is a by-product of soy milk processing,which contains high levels of soluble dietary fibre(SDF).In this study,we aimed to provide comprehensive processes of pre-treated extrusion for the improving structure and properties of soybean dreg soluble dietary fibre(SDSDF),which would be a valuable approach to enhance physiological activity.METHODS:Here,we characteristic the functional role of SDSDF employing to extrusion pretreatment.Soybean dregs were pre-treated using the twin screw extrusion method followed by enzymatic modification using neutral protease,α-amylase,glucoamylase,and cellulose to produce SDSDF.The physical properties and antioxidant activity of SDSDF were investigated.RESULTS:The morphology and crystal structure of SDSDF were observed that,through extrusion processing and enzymatic modification,the SDSDF yield increased by 106.28%.Moreover,the surface structure showed block-shaped or reticular formations in the extruded SDSDF,and the size of block-shaped cells was about 10μm.Infrared spectroscopic analysis showed that a characteristic absorption peak of polysaccharide appeared at 1631 cm−1 during extrusion processing.However,after extrusion processing,decreased absorption peaks were observed for the extruded SDSDF.Furthermore,XRD analysis showed that the 2θdiffraction peak changed at 24.16°for the extruded SDSDF.CONCLUSIONS:The overall findings suggest that the water holding capacity(WHC),oil holding capacity(OHC),expansibility,and the water solubility were significantly decreased in extruded SDSDF.In addition,the scavenging ability of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH),-OH,O_(2)^(-),and the total reducing power were significantly improved,indicating that beneficial changes had taken place in the crystal structure of cellulose or hemicellulose to improve the physiological activity in extruded SDSDF.

Effect of aeration rate on composting of penicillin mycelial dreg

Pilot scale experiments with forced aeration were conducted to estimate effects of aeration rates on the performance of composting penicillin mycelial dreg using sewage sludge as inoculation. Three aeration rates of 0.15, 0.50 and 0.90 L/（min·kg） organic matter（OM） were examined. The principal physicochemical parameters were monitored during the 32 day composting period. Results showed that the higher aeration rate of 0.90 L/（min·kg） did not corresponded to a longer thermophilic duration and higher rates of OM degradation;but the lower aeration rate of 0.15 L/（min·kg） did induce an accumulation of NH＋4-N contents due to the inhibition of nitrification. On the other hand, aeration rate has little effect on degradation of penicillin. The results show that the longest phase of thermophilic temperatures ≥ 55°C, the maximum NO-3-N content and seed germination, and the minimum C/N ratio were obtained with 0.50 L/（min·kg） OM. Therefore, aeration rates of0.50 L/（min·kg） OM can be recommended for composting penicillin mycelial dreg.