阐述英语学科核心素养、UbD理论、大概念单元教学等相关概念。分析大概念单元教学要解决的问题。归纳在大概念单元教学中运用UbD理论的意义。以牛津译林版(2020)高中《英语》选择性必修四Unit 1 Honesty and Responsibility的整体教学为...阐述英语学科核心素养、UbD理论、大概念单元教学等相关概念。分析大概念单元教学要解决的问题。归纳在大概念单元教学中运用UbD理论的意义。以牛津译林版(2020)高中《英语》选择性必修四Unit 1 Honesty and Responsibility的整体教学为例,进行UbD理论指导下的教、学、评一体化的整体教学说明。认为在UbD理论指导下,指向学科核心素养的大概念单元教学是深化课程改革、发展素质教育、落实立德树人目标的必然要求,也是学科核心素养落地的有效途径。展开更多
The technology of drilling tests makes it possible to obtain the strength parameter of rock accurately in situ. In this paper, a new rock cutting analysis model that considers the influence of the rock crushing zone(R...The technology of drilling tests makes it possible to obtain the strength parameter of rock accurately in situ. In this paper, a new rock cutting analysis model that considers the influence of the rock crushing zone(RCZ) is built. The formula for an ultimate cutting force is established based on the limit equilibrium principle. The relationship between digital drilling parameters(DDP) and the c-φ parameter(DDP-cφ formula, where c refers to the cohesion and φ refers to the internal friction angle) is derived, and the response of drilling parameters and cutting ratio to the strength parameters is analyzed. The drillingbased measuring method for the c-φ parameter of rock is constructed. The laboratory verification test is then completed, and the difference in results between the drilling test and the compression test is less than 6%. On this basis, in-situ rock drilling tests in a traffic tunnel and a coal mine roadway are carried out, and the strength parameters of the surrounding rock are effectively tested. The average difference ratio of the results is less than 11%, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method for obtaining the strength parameters based on digital drilling. This study provides methodological support for field testing of rock strength parameters.展开更多
With the growth of deep drilling and the complexity of the well profile,the requirements for a more complete and efficient exploitation of productive formations increase,which increases the risk of various complicatio...With the growth of deep drilling and the complexity of the well profile,the requirements for a more complete and efficient exploitation of productive formations increase,which increases the risk of various complications.Currently,reagents based on modified natural polymers(which are naturally occurring compounds)and synthetic polymers(SPs)which are polymeric compounds created industrially,are widely used to prevent emerging complications in the drilling process.However,compared to modified natural polymers,SPs form a family of high-molecular-weight compounds that are fully synthesized by undergoing chemical polymerization reactions.SPs provide substantial flexibility in their design.Moreover,their size and chemical composition can be adjusted to provide properties for nearly all the functional objectives of drilling fluids.They can be classified based on chemical ingredients,type of reaction,and their responses to heating.However,some of SPs,due to their structural characteristics,have a high cost,a poor temperature and salt resistance in drilling fluids,and degradation begins when the temperature reaches 130℃.These drawbacks prevent SP use in some medium and deep wells.Thus,this review addresses the historical development,the characteristics,manufacturing methods,classification,and the applications of SPs in drilling fluids.The contributions of SPs as additives to drilling fluids to enhance rheology,filtrate generation,carrying of cuttings,fluid lubricity,and clay/shale stability are explained in detail.The mechanisms,impacts,and advances achieved when SPs are added to drilling fluids are also described.The typical challenges encountered by SPs when deployed in drilling fluids and their advantages and drawbacks are also discussed.Economic issues also impact the applications of SPs in drilling fluids.Consequently,the cost of the most relevant SPs,and the monomers used in their synthesis,are assessed.Environmental impacts of SPs when deployed in drilling fluids,and their manufacturing processes are identified,together with advances in SP-treatment methods aimed at reducing those impacts.Recommendations for required future research addressing SP property and performance gaps are provided.展开更多
UbD(Understanding by Design)逆向教学设计能有效促进学生从接受学习向理解学习转变。在小学数学综合与实践模块中,教师在结合UbD理论对模块内容进行教学设计时,应合理设计评估证据、注重融合多学科学习、注重真实情境的创设与信息技...UbD(Understanding by Design)逆向教学设计能有效促进学生从接受学习向理解学习转变。在小学数学综合与实践模块中,教师在结合UbD理论对模块内容进行教学设计时,应合理设计评估证据、注重融合多学科学习、注重真实情境的创设与信息技术的使用,以此促进学生知识迁移和应用能力的发展。展开更多
文摘阐述英语学科核心素养、UbD理论、大概念单元教学等相关概念。分析大概念单元教学要解决的问题。归纳在大概念单元教学中运用UbD理论的意义。以牛津译林版(2020)高中《英语》选择性必修四Unit 1 Honesty and Responsibility的整体教学为例,进行UbD理论指导下的教、学、评一体化的整体教学说明。认为在UbD理论指导下,指向学科核心素养的大概念单元教学是深化课程改革、发展素质教育、落实立德树人目标的必然要求,也是学科核心素养落地的有效途径。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC2907600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42077267,42277174 and 52074164)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(No.ZR2020JQ23)the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology,Beijing Institute of Technology(No.KFJJ21-02Z)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.2022JCCXSB03).
文摘The technology of drilling tests makes it possible to obtain the strength parameter of rock accurately in situ. In this paper, a new rock cutting analysis model that considers the influence of the rock crushing zone(RCZ) is built. The formula for an ultimate cutting force is established based on the limit equilibrium principle. The relationship between digital drilling parameters(DDP) and the c-φ parameter(DDP-cφ formula, where c refers to the cohesion and φ refers to the internal friction angle) is derived, and the response of drilling parameters and cutting ratio to the strength parameters is analyzed. The drillingbased measuring method for the c-φ parameter of rock is constructed. The laboratory verification test is then completed, and the difference in results between the drilling test and the compression test is less than 6%. On this basis, in-situ rock drilling tests in a traffic tunnel and a coal mine roadway are carried out, and the strength parameters of the surrounding rock are effectively tested. The average difference ratio of the results is less than 11%, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method for obtaining the strength parameters based on digital drilling. This study provides methodological support for field testing of rock strength parameters.
文摘With the growth of deep drilling and the complexity of the well profile,the requirements for a more complete and efficient exploitation of productive formations increase,which increases the risk of various complications.Currently,reagents based on modified natural polymers(which are naturally occurring compounds)and synthetic polymers(SPs)which are polymeric compounds created industrially,are widely used to prevent emerging complications in the drilling process.However,compared to modified natural polymers,SPs form a family of high-molecular-weight compounds that are fully synthesized by undergoing chemical polymerization reactions.SPs provide substantial flexibility in their design.Moreover,their size and chemical composition can be adjusted to provide properties for nearly all the functional objectives of drilling fluids.They can be classified based on chemical ingredients,type of reaction,and their responses to heating.However,some of SPs,due to their structural characteristics,have a high cost,a poor temperature and salt resistance in drilling fluids,and degradation begins when the temperature reaches 130℃.These drawbacks prevent SP use in some medium and deep wells.Thus,this review addresses the historical development,the characteristics,manufacturing methods,classification,and the applications of SPs in drilling fluids.The contributions of SPs as additives to drilling fluids to enhance rheology,filtrate generation,carrying of cuttings,fluid lubricity,and clay/shale stability are explained in detail.The mechanisms,impacts,and advances achieved when SPs are added to drilling fluids are also described.The typical challenges encountered by SPs when deployed in drilling fluids and their advantages and drawbacks are also discussed.Economic issues also impact the applications of SPs in drilling fluids.Consequently,the cost of the most relevant SPs,and the monomers used in their synthesis,are assessed.Environmental impacts of SPs when deployed in drilling fluids,and their manufacturing processes are identified,together with advances in SP-treatment methods aimed at reducing those impacts.Recommendations for required future research addressing SP property and performance gaps are provided.
