The conventional foaming agents have the problems of poor adaptability and high cost during the application in different types of gas fields,especially in high temperature,high salinity,high acidic gas and high conden...The conventional foaming agents have the problems of poor adaptability and high cost during the application in different types of gas fields,especially in high temperature,high salinity,high acidic gas and high condensate oil and gas fields.In this study,the Gemini foaming agent was used as the main agent to enhance foaming and foam stability of the foaming agent,the grafted nanoparticles were used as foam stabilizer to further improve the foam stability,and the characteristic auxiliaries were added to make the foaming agent suitable for different types of gas reservoirs.Two types and six subtypes of nanoparticle foaming agents have been prepared for the main gas fields of China.The experimental evaluation results show that the overall temperature resistance,salinity resistance,H2S resistance,CO2 resistance and condensate resistance of the nanoparticle foaming agents can reach 160℃,250000 mg/L,100 mg/L,100%and 40%,respectively.The new foaming agents have been used in 8685 wells in China.Compared with conventional foaming agent,the average gas flow rate per well increased by 62.48%,the pressure difference(casing-tubing)decreased by 18.9%,and the cost dropped by 45%.The effect of reducing cost and increasing efficiency is obvious.展开更多
The aim of this study was to create a foaming agent and then evaluate its performance.This foaming agent is made up of Sodium lauryl sulfate,Ethanol,Lauryl alcohol and Water.On aeration,the diluted foaming solution pr...The aim of this study was to create a foaming agent and then evaluate its performance.This foaming agent is made up of Sodium lauryl sulfate,Ethanol,Lauryl alcohol and Water.On aeration,the diluted foaming solution produces a stable foam whose properties,density,capacity and drainage were studied.The compressive strength,water absorption and density of foamed concrete were also studied.Test results show that the initial foam density is 104kg/m3 at an optimum dilution ratio of 1:40.Foamed concrete’s density can vary from 450kg/m3 to 1 950bkg/m3 and its compressive strength is in0.5~23 MPa.Compressive strength test results of this foaming agent are higher than those produced with EABASSOC foaming agent.According to ASTM 869-91,this chemical composition qualifies to be used as a foaming agent.展开更多
The paper overviews the research and application of silicate plugging agent, according to the different mechanisms and application forms, the plugging agent is divided into silicate gel, silicate precipitation, silica...The paper overviews the research and application of silicate plugging agent, according to the different mechanisms and application forms, the plugging agent is divided into silicate gel, silicate precipitation, silicate/polymer, silicate/surfactant, silicate gel/foam and so on. This paper chiefly introduces the conception, mechanism and development tendency of the different systems mentioned above. The development tendency manifests as fully utilize personal properties and cooperate with other plugging agents or technologies, including the study of reaction mechanism, combination of plugging agent, grasping water flood timing, developing deep profile control and water shutoff technology, combining with other measures (chemicals huff and puff), in order to play the role of such blocking agents, further enhance oil recovery.展开更多
The fire-extinguishing capability of aqueous film-forming foam(AFFF) is usually evaluated by actual fire-fighting test.It is not only costly,but also unfavorably to environment and safety.Therefore,it is of importance...The fire-extinguishing capability of aqueous film-forming foam(AFFF) is usually evaluated by actual fire-fighting test.It is not only costly,but also unfavorably to environment and safety.Therefore,it is of importance to find means to evaluate the performance of AFFF indoor.In this work a simple laboratory method for evaluating the performance of AFFF is proposed,based on the principle of AFFF and our researches on AFFF.It is found that the fire-extinguishing capability of AFFF could be evaluated by five parameters.1) spread ability of AFFF on the oil,2) the spread amount of AFFF on oil,3) foaming ability of AFFF,4) speed of liquid eduction from foam,5) stability of foam.These parameters can be measured easily in common laboratory,by which the fire-extinguishing capability of AFFF can be evaluated without actual fire-extinguishing test.展开更多
基金Supported by the PetroChina Scientifc Research and Technological Development Project(kt2017-21-14-1).
文摘The conventional foaming agents have the problems of poor adaptability and high cost during the application in different types of gas fields,especially in high temperature,high salinity,high acidic gas and high condensate oil and gas fields.In this study,the Gemini foaming agent was used as the main agent to enhance foaming and foam stability of the foaming agent,the grafted nanoparticles were used as foam stabilizer to further improve the foam stability,and the characteristic auxiliaries were added to make the foaming agent suitable for different types of gas reservoirs.Two types and six subtypes of nanoparticle foaming agents have been prepared for the main gas fields of China.The experimental evaluation results show that the overall temperature resistance,salinity resistance,H2S resistance,CO2 resistance and condensate resistance of the nanoparticle foaming agents can reach 160℃,250000 mg/L,100 mg/L,100%and 40%,respectively.The new foaming agents have been used in 8685 wells in China.Compared with conventional foaming agent,the average gas flow rate per well increased by 62.48%,the pressure difference(casing-tubing)decreased by 18.9%,and the cost dropped by 45%.The effect of reducing cost and increasing efficiency is obvious.
文摘The aim of this study was to create a foaming agent and then evaluate its performance.This foaming agent is made up of Sodium lauryl sulfate,Ethanol,Lauryl alcohol and Water.On aeration,the diluted foaming solution produces a stable foam whose properties,density,capacity and drainage were studied.The compressive strength,water absorption and density of foamed concrete were also studied.Test results show that the initial foam density is 104kg/m3 at an optimum dilution ratio of 1:40.Foamed concrete’s density can vary from 450kg/m3 to 1 950bkg/m3 and its compressive strength is in0.5~23 MPa.Compressive strength test results of this foaming agent are higher than those produced with EABASSOC foaming agent.According to ASTM 869-91,this chemical composition qualifies to be used as a foaming agent.
文摘The paper overviews the research and application of silicate plugging agent, according to the different mechanisms and application forms, the plugging agent is divided into silicate gel, silicate precipitation, silicate/polymer, silicate/surfactant, silicate gel/foam and so on. This paper chiefly introduces the conception, mechanism and development tendency of the different systems mentioned above. The development tendency manifests as fully utilize personal properties and cooperate with other plugging agents or technologies, including the study of reaction mechanism, combination of plugging agent, grasping water flood timing, developing deep profile control and water shutoff technology, combining with other measures (chemicals huff and puff), in order to play the role of such blocking agents, further enhance oil recovery.
文摘The fire-extinguishing capability of aqueous film-forming foam(AFFF) is usually evaluated by actual fire-fighting test.It is not only costly,but also unfavorably to environment and safety.Therefore,it is of importance to find means to evaluate the performance of AFFF indoor.In this work a simple laboratory method for evaluating the performance of AFFF is proposed,based on the principle of AFFF and our researches on AFFF.It is found that the fire-extinguishing capability of AFFF could be evaluated by five parameters.1) spread ability of AFFF on the oil,2) the spread amount of AFFF on oil,3) foaming ability of AFFF,4) speed of liquid eduction from foam,5) stability of foam.These parameters can be measured easily in common laboratory,by which the fire-extinguishing capability of AFFF can be evaluated without actual fire-extinguishing test.
