Multiphase Interfacial Regulation Based on Hierarchical Porous Molybdenum Selenide to Build Anticorrosive and Multiband Tailorable Absorbers

Electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials have an irreplaceable position in the field of military stealth as well as in the field of electromagnetic pollution control.And in order to cope with the complex electromagnetic environment,the design of multifunctional and multiband high efficiency EMW absorbers remains a tremendous challenge.In this work,we designed a three-dimensional porous structure via the salt melt synthesis strategy to optimize the impedance matching of the absorber.Also,through interfacial engineering,a molybdenum carbide transition layer was introduced between the molybdenum selenide nanoparticles and the three-dimensional porous carbon matrix to improve the absorption behavior of the absorber.The analysis indicates that the number and components of the heterogeneous interfaces have a significant impact on the EMW absorption performance of the absorber due to mechanisms such as interfacial polarization and conduction loss introduced by interfacial engineering.Wherein,the prepared MoSe_(2)/MoC/PNC composites showed excellent EMW absorption performance in C,X,and Ku bands,especially exhibiting a reflection loss of−59.09 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.96 GHz at 1.9 mm.The coordination between structure and components endows the absorber with strong absorption,broad bandwidth,thin thickness,and multi-frequency absorption characteristics.Remarkably,it can effectively reinforce the marine anticorrosion property of the epoxy resin coating on Q235 steel substrate.This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between interfacial engineering and the performance of EMW absorbers,and provides a reference for the design of multifunctional,multiband EMW absorption materials.

Vibration Reduction by a Partitioned Dynamic Vibration Absorber with Acoustic Black Hole Features

Vibration quality is a vital indicator for assessing the progress of modern equipment.The dynamic vibration absorber(DVA)based on the acoustic black hole(ABH)feature is a new passive control method that manipulates waves.It offers efficient energy focalization and broad-spectrum vibration suppression,making it highly promising for applications in large equipment such as aircraft,trains,and ships.Despite previous advancements in ABH-DVA development,certain challenges remain,particularly in ensuring effective coupling with host structures during control.To address these issues,this study proposes a partitioned ABH-featured dynamic vibration absorber(PABH-DVA)with partitions in the radial direction of the disc.By employing a plate as the host structure,simulations and experiments were conducted,demonstrating that the PABH-DVA outperforms the original symmetric ABH-DVA in terms of damping performance.The study also calculated and compared the coupling coefficients of the two ABH-DVAs to uncover the mechanism behind the enhanced damping.Simulation results revealed that the PABH-DVA exhibits more coupled modes,occasionally with lower coupling coefficients than the symmetric ABH-DVA.The influence of frequency ratio and modal mass was further analyzed to explain the reasons behind the PABH-DVA's superior damping performance.Additionally,the study discussed the impact of the number of slits and their orientation.This research further explains the coupling mechanism between the ABH-DVA and the controlled structure,and provides new ideas for the further application of ABH in engineering.

Study on vibration reduction of two-scale system coupled with dynamic vibration absorber

The dynamic vibration absorber with inerter and grounded stiffness(IGDVA)is used to control a two-scale system subject to a weak periodic perturbation.The vibration suppression effect is remarkable.The amplitude of the main system coupled with absorber is significantly reduced,and the high frequency vibration completely disappears.First,through the slow-fast analysis and stability theory,it is found that the stability of the autonomous system exerts a notable regulating effect on the vibration response of the non-autonomous system.After adding the dynamic vibrator absorber,the center in the autonomous system changes to an asymptotically stable focus,consequently suppressing the vibration in the non-autonomous system.Further research reveals that the parameters of the absorber affect the real parts of the eigenvalues of the autonomous system,thereby regulating the stability of the system.Transitioning from a qualitative standpoint to a quantitative approach,a comparison of the solutions before and after the introduction of the dynamic absorber reveals that,when the grounded stiffness ratio and the mass ratio of the dynamic absorber are not equal,the high-frequency part in the analytical solution disappears.As a result,this leads to a reduction in the amplitude of the trajectory,achieving a vibration reduction effect.

Ultra-broadband microwave absorber and high-performance pressure sensor based on aramid nanofiber,polypyrrole and nickel porous aerogel

Electronic devices have become ubiquitous in our daily lives,leading to a surge in the use of microwave absorbers and wearable sensor devices across various sectors.A prime example of this trend is the aramid nanofibers/polypyrrole/nickel(APN)aerogels,which serve dual roles as both microwave absorbers and pressure sensors.In this work,we focused on the preparation of aramid nanofibers/polypyrrole(AP15)aerogels,where the mass ratio of aramid nanofibers to pyrrole was 1:5.We employed the oxidative polymerization method for the preparation process.Following this,nickel was thermally evaporated onto the surface of the AP15 aerogels,resulting in the creation of an ultralight(9.35 mg·cm^(-3)).This aerogel exhibited a porous structure.The introduction of nickel into the aerogel aimed to enhance magnetic loss and adjust impedance matching,thereby improving electromagnetic wave absorption performance.The minimum reflection loss value achieved was-48.7 dB,and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth spanned 8.42 GHz with a thickness of 2.9 mm.These impressive metrics can be attributed to the three-dimensional network porous structure of the aerogel and perfect impedance matching.Moreover,the use of aramid nanofibers and a three-dimensional hole structure endowed the APN aerogels with good insulation,flame-retardant properties,and compression resilience.Even under a compression strain of 50%,the aerogel maintained its resilience over 500 cycles.The incorporation of polypyrrole and nickel particles further enhanced the conductivity of the aerogel.Consequently,the final APN aerogel sensor demonstrated high sensitivity(10.78 kPa-1)and thermal stability.In conclusion,the APN aerogels hold significant promise as ultra-broadband microwave absorbers and pressure sensors.

Thermal Stability and Degeneration Behavior of Solar Selective Absorber Based on WTi-Al_(2)O_(3)Cermet

A WTi-Al_(2)O_(3)cermet-based solar selective absorber was prepared to investigate the atomic diffusion induced spectral selectivity degeneration.The as-deposited coating exhibits superior absorptance(0.934)and low thermal emittance(0.098),as well as excellent thermal stability with a selectivity of 0.900/0.07 even after annealing at 923 K for 400 h in Ar ambient.However,the multilayer coating failed after being subjected to annealing at 923 K for 400 h in an air environment,as indicated by a decrease in solar absorptance to 0.912 and an increase in thermal emittance to 0.634.The microstructure characterizations reveal that the annealed coating exhibits a columnar morphology along the vertical direction of the substrate.The presence of abundant grain boundaries in the multilayer coating promotes the outward diffusion of Cr and Mn atoms in the stainless-steel substrate.The Mn atoms,in particular,possess the capability to migrate towards the surface of the coating and undergo an oxidation reaction with oxygen,facilitating the formation of a thick Mn_(2)O_(3)layer.The roughness of the coating surface was significantly increased in this case,adversely affecting solar absorptance due to amplified sunlight reflection.In addition,the rocketing of thermal emittance is attributed to the destabilization of W infrared reflective layer during the annealing.These findings highlight the importance of considering the outward diffusion of Mn and Cr elements in the stainless-steel substrate when optimizing solar selective absorbers.

Study of relationship between motion of mechanisms in gas operated weapon and its shock absorber

The article deals with the motion of the breech block carrier and the weapon casing of an automatic weapon mounted on a flexible carriage and the base of the weapon.Earlier works,which did not consider the dynamic properties of the base of the weapon,did not allow to reconcile the calculated and experimental results of the weapon casing displacement when shooting from firing rests.For the analysis of the motion of individual parts,the methods of mathematical modelling and firing experiments using a high-speed camera were chosen.Calculations show the best accord with experiment when modelling the system with 4 degrees of freedom.The oscillation of the system regarding the movement of the breech block carrier and the weapon casing was investigated under changed conditions of rate of fire,the use of a muzzle brake and different types of shock absorbers.The velocities and displacements of the weapon casing and the breech block carrier at different values of the impulse of the gases to the breech block carrier were determined.

A flexible ultra-broadband multi-layered absorber working at 2 GHz-40 GHz printed by resistive ink

A flexible extra broadband metamaterial absorber(MMA)stacked with five layers working at 2 GHz–40 GHz is investigated.Each layer is composed of polyvinyl chloride(PVC),polyimide(PI),and a frequency selective surface(FSS),which is printed on PI using conductive ink.To investigate this absorber,both one-dimensional analogous circuit analysis and three-dimensional full-wave simulation based on a physical model are provided.Various crucial electromagnetic properties,such as absorption,effective impedance,complex permittivity and permeability,electric current distribution and magnetic field distribution at resonant peak points,are studied in detail.Analysis shows that the working frequency of this absorber covers entire S,C,X,Ku,K and Ka bands with a minimum thickness of 0.098λ_(max)(λ_(max) is the maximum wavelength in the absorption band),and the fractional bandwidth(FBW)reaches 181.1%.Moreover,the reflection coefficient is less than-10 dB at 1.998 GHz–40.056 GHz at normal incidence,and the absorptivity of the plane wave is greater than 80%when the incident angle is smaller than 50°.Furthermore,the proposed absorber is experimentally validated,and the experimental results show good agreement with the simulation results,which demonstrates the potential applicability of this absorber at 2 GHz–40 GHz.

Heat Transfer Enhancement of the Absorber Tube in a Parabolic Trough Solar Collector through the Insertion of Novel Cylindrical Turbulators

This study includes an experimental and numerical analysis of the performances of a parabolic trough collector(PTC)with and without cylindrical turbulators.The PTC is designed with dimensions of 2.00 m in length and 1.00 m in width.The related reflector is made of lined sheets of aluminum,and the tubes are made of stainless steel used for the absorption of heat.They have an outer diameter of 0.051 m and a wall thickness of 0.002 m.Water,used as a heat transfer fluid(HTF),flows through the absorber tube at a mass flow rate of 0.7 kg/s.The dimensions of cylindrical turbulators are 0.04 m in length and 0.047 m in diameter.Simulations are performed using the ANSYS Fluent 2020 R2 software.The PTC performance is evaluated by comparing the experimental and numerical outcomes,namely,the outlet temperature,useful heat,and thermal efficiency for a modified tube(MT)(tube with novel cylindrical turbulators)and a plain tube(PT)(tube without novel cylindrical turbulators).According to the results,the experimental outlet temperatures recorded 63.2°C and 50.5°C for the MT and PT,respectively.The heat gain reaches 1137.5 Win the MT and 685.8 Win the PT.Compared to the PT collector,the PTC exhibited a(1.64 times)higher efficiency.

An electromagnetic semi-active dynamic vibration absorber for thin-walled workpiece vibration suppression in mirror milling

As critical components of aircraft skins and rocket fuel storage tank shells,large thin-walled workpieces are susceptible to vibration and deformation during machining due to their weak local stiffness.To address these challenges,we propose a novel tunable electromagnetic semi-active dynamic vibration absorber(ESADVA),which integrates with a magnetic suction follower to form a followed ESADVA(follow-ESADVA)for mirror milling.This system combines a tunable magnet oscillator with a follower,enabling real-time vibration absorption and condition feedback throughout the milling process.Additionally,the device supports self-sensing and frequency adjustment by providing feedback to a linear actuator,which alters the distance between magnets.This resolves the traditional issue of being unable to directly monitor vibration at the machining point due to space constraints and tool interference.The frequency shift characteristics and vibration absorption performance are comprehensively investigated.Theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the prototyped follow-ESADVA achieves frequency synchronization with the milling tool,resulting in a vibration suppression rate of approximately 47.57%.Moreover,the roughness of the machined surface decreases by18.95%,significantly enhancing the surface quality.The results of this work pave the way for higher-quality machined surfaces and a more stable mirror milling process.

A low-profile metamaterial absorber with ultrawideband reflectionless and wide-angular stability

An ultrawideband reflectionless metamaterial absorber(MA)is proposed by replacing the metallic ground with the complementary split-ring resonator(CSRR)structure.The proposed MA exhibits-10 d B reflectivity spectrum from 1 GHz to 20 GHz,which maintains more than 90%absorption from 1.5 GHz to20 GHz.Furthermore,it achieves angle stability for TE and TM polarization at oblique incident angles up to 40°and 65°,respectively.To achieve broadband absorption spectrum,we have adopted a single-layer high-impedance surface(HIS)loaded with a double-layer magnetic material(MM)structure.To further realize the RCS reduction into a lower frequency range,we have employed the scattering cancellation technology into the traditional metallic ground.Finally,we have fabricated a sample exhibiting the 10 d B RCS reduction from 1 GHz to 20 GHz with a thickness of 10 mm.Measurement and simulation results confirm that the proposed MA exhibits excellent comprehensive performance,making it suitable for many practical applications.

A low-frequency pure metal metamaterial absorber with continuously tunable stiffness

To address the incompatibility between high environmental adaptability and deep subwavelength characteristics in conventional local resonance metamaterials,and overcome the deficiencies in the stability of existing active control techniques for band gaps,this paper proposes a design method of pure metal vibration damping metamaterial with continuously tunable stiffness for wideband elastic wave absorption.We design a dual-helix narrow-slit pure metal metamaterial unit,which possesses the triple advantage of high spatial compactness,low stiffness characteristics,and high structural stability,enabling the opening of elastic flexural band gaps in the low-frequency range.Similar to the principle of a sliding rheostat,the introduction of continuously sliding plug-ins into the helical slits enables the continuous variation of the stiffness of the metamaterial unit,achieving a continuously tunable band gap effect.This successfully extends the effective band gap by more than ten times.The experimental results indicate that this metamaterial unit can be used as an additional vibration absorber to absorb the low-frequency vibration energy effectively.Furthermore,it advances the metamaterial absorbers from a purely passive narrowband design to a wideband tunable one.The pure metal double-helix metamaterials retain the subwavelength properties of metamaterials and are suitable for deployment in harsh environments.Simultaneously,by adjusting its stiffness,it substantially broadens the effective band gap range,presenting promising potential applications in various mechanical equipment operating under adverse conditions.

Research on the Damping Mechanism of Time-Delay Coupled Negative Stiffness Dynamic Absorber in Nonlinear Vibration Damping System

A study was conducted on the effect of time delay and structural parameters on the vibration reduction of a time delayed coupled negative stiffness dynamic absorber in nonlinear vibration reduction systems. Taking dynamic absorbers with different structural and control parameters as examples, the effects of third-order nonlinear coefficients, time-delay control parameters, and negative stiffness coefficients on reducing the replication of the main system were discussed. The nonlinear dynamic absorber has a very good vibration reduction effect at the resonance point of the main system and a nearby area, and when 1 increases to a certain level, the stable region of the system continues to increase. The amplitude curve of the main system of a nonlinear dynamic absorber will generate Hop bifurcation and saddle node bifurcation in the region far from the resonance point, resulting in almost periodic motion and jumping phenomena in the system. For nonlinear dynamic absorbers with determined structural parameters, time-delay feedback control can be adopted to control the amplitude of the main system. For different negative stiffness coefficients, there exists a minimum damping point for the amplitude of the main system under the determined system structural parameters and time-delay feedback control parameters.

Maximizing Terahertz Energy Absorption with MXene Absorber

Achieving high absorption in broad terahertz bands has long been challenging for terahertz electromagnetic wave absorbers.Recently in Nature Photonics,Xiao et al.reported the high absorption approaching the theoretical upper limit across the whole terahertz band of MXene-based terahertz absorbers and,on this basis,constructed an applicable,updated alternating current impedance matching model.

Design of an optically-transparent ultra-broadband microwave absorber

The optical window of low-observable platform needs to be compatible with ultra-broadband absorption,hence an optically-transparent absorber with ultra-broadband absorption is designed and analyzed in this paper.The transparent materials indium-tin-oxide(ITO)film and polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)are selected as the lossy layer and the supporting dielectric layer,respectively.The optically-transparent ultra-broadband absorber(OT-UBA)is composed of three layers of ITO square patterns,three layers of PMMA dielectric and a uniform ITO plane.The ITO square patterns can realize arbitrary equivalent series of RC(resistor and capacitor)circuit,so that three layers of ITO square patterns together with the ITO plane can achieve ultra-broadband absorption based on the equivalent circuit optimization.Measured results shows that the 90%-absorption bandwidth covers 2-17 GHz while the light transmittance achieves 59.6%with a total thickness of only 12.9 mm.

Effects of time-delayed vibration absorber on bandwidth of beam for low broadband vibration suppression

The effects of time-delayed vibration absorber(TDVA) on the dynamic characteristics of a flexible beam are investigated. First, the vibration suppression effect of a single TDVA on a continuous beam is studied. The first optimization criterion is given,and the results show that the introduction of time-delayed feedback control(TDFC) is beneficial to improving the vibration suppression at the anti-resonance band. When a single TDVA is used, the anti-resonance is located at a specific frequency by the optimum design of TDFC parameters. Then, in order to obtain low-frequency and broad bands for vibration suppression, multiple TDVAs are uniformly distributed on a continuous beam,and the relationship between the dynamic responses and the TDFC parameters is investigated. The obtained relationship shows that the TDVA has a significant regulatory effect on the vibration behavior of the continuous beam. The effects of the number of TDVAs and the nonlinearity on the bandgap variation are discussed. As the multiple TDVAs are applied, according to the different requirements on the location and bandwidth of the effective vibration suppression band, the optimization criteria for the TDFC parameters are given, which provides guidance for the applications of TDVAs in practical projects such as bridge and aerospace.

Initiating Binary Metal Oxides Microcubes Electromagnetic Wave Absorber Toward Ultrabroad Absorption Bandwidth Through Interfacial and Defects Modulation

Cobalt nickel bimetallic oxides(NiCo_(2)O_(4))have received numerous attentions in terms of their controllable morphology,high temperature,corrosion resistance and strong electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption capability.However,broadening the absorption bandwidth is still a huge challenge for NiCo_(2)O_(4)-based absorbers.Herein,the unique NiCo_(2)O_(4)@C core-shell microcubes with hollow structures were fabricated via a facile sacrificial template strategy.The concentration of oxygen vacancies and morphologies of the three-dimensional(3D)cubic hollow core-shell NiCo_(2)O_(4)@C framework were effectively optimized by adjusting the calcination temperature.The specially designed 3D framework structure facilitated the multiple reflections of incident electromagnetic waves and provided rich interfaces between multiple components,generating significant interfacial polarization losses.Dipole polarizations induced by oxygen vacancies could further enhance the attenuation ability for the incident EM waves.The optimized NiCo_(2)O_(4)@C hollow microcubes exhibit superior EMW absorption capability with minimum RL(RLmin)of-84.45 dB at 8.4 GHz for the thickness of 3.0 mm.Moreover,ultrabroad effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)as large as 12.48 GHz(5.52-18 GHz)is obtained.This work is believed to illuminate the path to synthesis of high-performance cobalt nickel bimetallic oxides for EMW absorbers with excellent EMW absorption capability,especially in broadening effective absorption bandwidth.

Transparent Thermally Tunable Microwave Absorber Prototype Based on Patterned VO2 Film

Transparent microwave absorbers that exhibit high optical transmittance and microwave absorption capability are ideal,although having a fixed absorption performance limits their applicability.Here,a simple,transparent,and thermally tunable microwave absorber is proposed,based on a patterned vanadium dioxide(VO_(2))film.Numerical calculations and experiments demonstrate that the proposed VO_(2)absorber has a high optical transmittance of 84.9%at 620 nm;its reflection loss at 15.06 GHz can be thermally tuned from–4.257 to–60.179 dB,and near-unity absorption is achieved at 523.750 K.Adjusting only the patterned VO_(2)film duty cycle can change the temperature of near-unity absorption.Our VO_(2)absorber has a simple composition,a high optical transmittance,a thermally tunable microwave absorption performance,a large modulation depth,and an adjustable temperature tuning range,making it promising for application in tunable sensors,thermal emitters,modulators,thermal imaging,bolometers,and photovoltaic devices.

A Lay-up-Oriented CFRP-Substrate Metamaterial Absorber with High Insensitivity to Polarization

Metamaterial absorbers with carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP)substrates,which are called metaCFRPs,have recently gained recognition for their excellent mechanical and electromagnetic performance.Different from traditional metamaterial absorbers with an isotropic substrate,meta-CFRPs with a highly anisotropic CFRP substrate are facing challenges in acquiring polarization-insensitive absorption.Here,a lay-up-oriented structure design method is proposed to solve this problem.Considering the lay-up configuration of CFRP laminates,metallic patterns are designed under corresponding polarization angles and then united together to form an integral structure.A meta-CFRP with a typical CFRP lay-up configuration([0°/45°/90°/-45°]3s)is designed and tested.The experimental results exhibit over 99%microwave absorptivity at 2.44 GHz for all polarization angles.The maximum shift among the resonance peaks of the curves at all polarization angles is only 0.021 GHz.Further studies show that when there are cross-ply laminates in the first few layers of the CFRP substrate,the lay-up-oriented design method can be effectively simplified by ignoring the subsequent lay-up orientations after the first cross-ply layers.Our method can not only provide an effective way for acquiring polarization-insensitive microwave response on meta-CFRPs but also be expected to be promoted to metamaterial absorbers with other anisotropic materials.

Single-frequency linearly polarized Q-switched fiber laser based on Nb_(2)GeTe_(4)saturable absorber

We report a single-frequency linearly polarized Q-switched fiber laser based on an Nb_(2)GeTe_(4)saturable absorber(SA).The Nb_(2)GeTe_(4)SA triggers passive Q-switching of the laser,and an un-pumped Yb-doped fiber together with a 0.08-nmbandwidth polarization-maintaining fiber Bragg grating(FBG)acts as an ultra-narrow bandwidth filter to realize singlelongitudinal-mode(SLM)oscillation.The devices used in the laser are all kept polarized,so as to ensure linearly polarized laser output.Stable SLM linearly polarized Q-switching operation at 1064.6 nm is successfully achieved,producing a laser with a shortest pulse width of 1.36μs,a linewidth of 28.4 MHz,a repetition rate of 28.3 kHz-95.9 kHz,and a polarization extinction ratio of about 30 dB.It is believed that the single-frequency linearly polarized pulsed fiber laser studied in this paper has great application value in gravitational wave detection,beam combining,nonlinear frequency conversion,and other fields.

Bidirectional visible light absorber based on nanodisk arrays

A perfect bidirectional broadband visible light absorber composed of titanium nitride and tungsten nanodisk arrays is proposed.The average absorption of the absorber exceeds 89%at 400 nm–800 nm when light is normally incident on the front-side.Illumination from the opposite direction(back-side)results in absorption of more than 75%.Through the theoretical analysis of the electric and magnetic fields,the physical mechanism of the broadband perfect absorption is attributed to the synergy of localized surface plasmons,propagating surface plasmons,and plasmonic resonant cavity modes.Furthermore,the absorber also exhibits excellent polarization-independence performance and a high angular tolerance of~30°for both front-and back-side incidence.The designed bidirectional broadband visible light absorber here has wide application prospects in the fields of solar cells and ink-free printing.