Drip irrigation of biological agents is an important green pathway to prevent diseases in Xinjiang cotton fields, especially soil-borne diseases. In order to clear the suitable dosage of different biological agents fo...Drip irrigation of biological agents is an important green pathway to prevent diseases in Xinjiang cotton fields, especially soil-borne diseases. In order to clear the suitable dosage of different biological agents for controlling cotton Verticillium wilt, field split plot experiment was designed to research the control effects of Bacillus subtilis WP (15, 30 and 45 kg/hm^2), Shibeijian Trichoderma harzianum (15, 18 and 24 kg/hm^2), Yufeng“99”(15, 22.5 and 30 kg/hm^2), Zhongnonglukang (30, 45 and 60 kg/hm^2) and Athomin (45, 60 and 75 kg/hm^2) on cotton Vertillium wilt in 2016 and 2017. The disease control effect against cotton Verticillium wilt, cotton growth, cotton yield and fiber quality were compared and analyzed by biometrical method. The results showed that five biological agents significantly reduced the incidence rate and disease index of cotton Verticillium wilt, and the average control effect reached 33.50%-74.94%. The control effect of Shibeijian T. harzianum dripped at the dosage of 18 kg/hm^2 was significantly higher than that dripped at 15 and 24 kg/hm^2. There was no significant difference between different application dosages in Athomin treatment. The control effect of the remaining three agents had significantly positive correlation with application dosage. Five biological agents had obvious promotion effects on cotton growth, and the cotton height, width of the top fourth leaf, fruit branch number and boll number per plant were increased in different levels. The cotton height and width of the top fourth leaf had no obvious changes with the increase of dosage, while the fruit branch number and boll number increased with the increasing dosage. Meanwhile, these biological agents significantly advanced the maturity of cotton. Except for Athomin treatment, the cotton seed yield in other treatments showed an increasing trend and increased significantly with the increasing dosage. The cotton fiber length and fiber breaking tenacity were improved slightly, but cotton quality had not been improved conspicuously. Therefore, according to disease control effect, cotton growth and yield performance, the suitable drip dosage of biological agents were as follows: Yufeng "99" 30 kg/hm^2, Zhongnonglukang 60 kg/hm^2, B. subtilis WP 45.0 kg/hm^2, and Shibejian T. harzianum 18.0 kg/hm^2. The drip dosage of Athomin still needs to be further studied.展开更多
【目的】研究控失肥作为基肥在滴灌施肥马铃薯上的应用效果。【方法】通过田间试验,选用"克新1号"(薯块早膨大型)和"夏波蒂"(薯块晚膨大型)2个不同薯块膨大型品种,以复合肥作为基肥为对照,于2012—2013年研究了控...【目的】研究控失肥作为基肥在滴灌施肥马铃薯上的应用效果。【方法】通过田间试验,选用"克新1号"(薯块早膨大型)和"夏波蒂"(薯块晚膨大型)2个不同薯块膨大型品种,以复合肥作为基肥为对照,于2012—2013年研究了控失肥作为基肥对滴灌施肥马铃薯生长、产量和品质等的影响。【结果】滴灌施肥条件下,当滴头正下方20cm深度处的土壤水基质势低于-25 k Pa时进行施肥灌溉,与复合肥作为基肥相比,控失肥作为基肥时改善了根区土壤水分状况,促进了块茎膨大初期马铃薯地上部的生长,"克新1号"的株高和鲜生物量分别提高了4.9%~5.1%和2.3%~9.9%,"夏波蒂"的叶面积指数和鲜生物量分别提高了32.7%和45.1%。同时,控失肥作为基肥时有利于"克新1号"块茎膨大后期的块茎膨大,单薯质量提高了2.8%~6.4%,大薯率提高了3.4%~4.5%,增产6.8%~13.1%,并且商品薯率提高了0.7%~2.5%。然而,控失肥作为基肥时却不利于"夏波蒂"块茎膨大后期块茎的快速膨大,单薯质量下降了9.5%~15.1%,最终总产量和商品薯产量分别降低了7.5%~14.1%和5.7%~8.6%。【结论】滴灌施肥时,对于薯块早膨大型马铃薯品种,如"克新1号",建议采用控失肥作为基肥,而对于薯块晚膨大型马铃薯品种,如"夏波蒂",不建议将控失肥作为基肥。展开更多
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program(2016yfd02004005-4)Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Development Plan of Corps(2015AC008)
文摘Drip irrigation of biological agents is an important green pathway to prevent diseases in Xinjiang cotton fields, especially soil-borne diseases. In order to clear the suitable dosage of different biological agents for controlling cotton Verticillium wilt, field split plot experiment was designed to research the control effects of Bacillus subtilis WP (15, 30 and 45 kg/hm^2), Shibeijian Trichoderma harzianum (15, 18 and 24 kg/hm^2), Yufeng“99”(15, 22.5 and 30 kg/hm^2), Zhongnonglukang (30, 45 and 60 kg/hm^2) and Athomin (45, 60 and 75 kg/hm^2) on cotton Vertillium wilt in 2016 and 2017. The disease control effect against cotton Verticillium wilt, cotton growth, cotton yield and fiber quality were compared and analyzed by biometrical method. The results showed that five biological agents significantly reduced the incidence rate and disease index of cotton Verticillium wilt, and the average control effect reached 33.50%-74.94%. The control effect of Shibeijian T. harzianum dripped at the dosage of 18 kg/hm^2 was significantly higher than that dripped at 15 and 24 kg/hm^2. There was no significant difference between different application dosages in Athomin treatment. The control effect of the remaining three agents had significantly positive correlation with application dosage. Five biological agents had obvious promotion effects on cotton growth, and the cotton height, width of the top fourth leaf, fruit branch number and boll number per plant were increased in different levels. The cotton height and width of the top fourth leaf had no obvious changes with the increase of dosage, while the fruit branch number and boll number increased with the increasing dosage. Meanwhile, these biological agents significantly advanced the maturity of cotton. Except for Athomin treatment, the cotton seed yield in other treatments showed an increasing trend and increased significantly with the increasing dosage. The cotton fiber length and fiber breaking tenacity were improved slightly, but cotton quality had not been improved conspicuously. Therefore, according to disease control effect, cotton growth and yield performance, the suitable drip dosage of biological agents were as follows: Yufeng "99" 30 kg/hm^2, Zhongnonglukang 60 kg/hm^2, B. subtilis WP 45.0 kg/hm^2, and Shibejian T. harzianum 18.0 kg/hm^2. The drip dosage of Athomin still needs to be further studied.
文摘【目的】研究控失肥作为基肥在滴灌施肥马铃薯上的应用效果。【方法】通过田间试验,选用"克新1号"(薯块早膨大型)和"夏波蒂"(薯块晚膨大型)2个不同薯块膨大型品种,以复合肥作为基肥为对照,于2012—2013年研究了控失肥作为基肥对滴灌施肥马铃薯生长、产量和品质等的影响。【结果】滴灌施肥条件下,当滴头正下方20cm深度处的土壤水基质势低于-25 k Pa时进行施肥灌溉,与复合肥作为基肥相比,控失肥作为基肥时改善了根区土壤水分状况,促进了块茎膨大初期马铃薯地上部的生长,"克新1号"的株高和鲜生物量分别提高了4.9%~5.1%和2.3%~9.9%,"夏波蒂"的叶面积指数和鲜生物量分别提高了32.7%和45.1%。同时,控失肥作为基肥时有利于"克新1号"块茎膨大后期的块茎膨大,单薯质量提高了2.8%~6.4%,大薯率提高了3.4%~4.5%,增产6.8%~13.1%,并且商品薯率提高了0.7%~2.5%。然而,控失肥作为基肥时却不利于"夏波蒂"块茎膨大后期块茎的快速膨大,单薯质量下降了9.5%~15.1%,最终总产量和商品薯产量分别降低了7.5%~14.1%和5.7%~8.6%。【结论】滴灌施肥时,对于薯块早膨大型马铃薯品种,如"克新1号",建议采用控失肥作为基肥,而对于薯块晚膨大型马铃薯品种,如"夏波蒂",不建议将控失肥作为基肥。
