Characteristics of Mulching Plastic Film Residue in Cotton Fields in the Yellow River Delta

In order to get a clear picture of distribution characteristics of mulching plastic film residue in cotton fields in the Yellow River Delta and make scientific pollution prevention and control strategies, an investigation was conducted in Dongying City. Five typical cotton fields were chosen, and then the number, distri- bution density and area of residual film were measured. The results showed that the residual film was 18. 84-53. 53 kg/hm^2 in cotton fields for more than 20 years, and the differences between fields were larger. The residual density was 225-340 thousand per hectare. There were great differences among residual pieces. The proportion of residual pieces over 25 cm^2 was 94. 1%, that between 100 cm^2 and 500 cm^2 was more than 50. 0%, and that bigger than 500 cm^2 was about 21. 0%. In the Yellow River Delta cotton region, large, thin and difficult to recovery were the main characteristics of mulching plastic film residue, and it had the possibility of mi- grating to deep soil. Thus, the ecological risk of mulching plastic film residue was higher. Key words The Yellow River Delta; Cotton field; Residue of mulching plastic film; Distribution characteristic

Analysis and Control of Soil Residual Film Pollution Load in Cotton Fields in the Yellow River Delta

[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the characteristics of soil residual film pollution load in cotton fields in the Yellow River Delta,so as to effectively control soil film pollution.[Methods]Cotton field mulching film survey and residue monitoring were conducted in the Yellow River Delta area.[Results]The amount of mulching film residues in cotton fields in the Yellow River Delta was 37.7-128.7 kg/hm^(2),which had a significant increase compared with 5 years ago,and the differences between plots were large;and after straw was returned to the field,the soil residual film obviously gathered in the 20-30 cm soil layer.The residual film blocks with a size of more than 25 cm^(2) accounted for 62.6%,which was a relatively high proportion,indicating that soil pollution can be caused easily,and it is difficult to control.During a certain period of time,the soil residual film pollution may have a tendency to aggravate,and the ecological risk is higher.[Conclusions]This study has important theoretical and practical significance for improving soil quality in the region and ensuring the safety of cotton field ecosystem and environmental health.

Green Prevention and Control Technology of Pests in Cotton Fields in Shandong Province

In order to better serve cotton farmers,green prevention and control technologies of pests are formulated according to the sowing,seedling and adult stages of cotton from the aspects of ecological prevention and control,physical prevention and control,biological control and scientific use of pesticides,thus realizing green prevention and control of pests during the whole growth period of cotton.

Analysis on Variation of Soil Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen Content and Carbon Storage in the Oasis Cotton Field of Manas River Valley

Objective] The research aimed to study soil organic carbon and total ni-trogen distribution in oasis cotton farmland. [Method] With the oasis cotton field of Manas River Val ey in Tianshan Mountains as the research area and abandoned farmland as a control, the distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content in the cotton field of Manas River Val ey in the last 23 years were investigated by using geographic methods. [Result] Presenting vertical distribution, cotton soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content in Manas River Val ey de-creased with the increase of soil depth, and those in 0-30 cm soil layer was sig-nificantly higher than those in soil layer of below 30 cm, while organic carbon stor-age showed the trend of increase. Also in vertical distribution, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen decreased significantly with the increase of soil depth, and soil organic carbon content in abandoned farmland decreased month by month. Howev-er, cotton soil organic carbon storage firstly decreased and then increased in the oasis cotton field that in the early growth of cotton, soil organic carbon in the layers of 0-30 and 30-100 cm decreased to the lowest in the bloom stage, and then or-ganic carbon increased with the reproductive growth of cotton into the later stages. However, due to no input of plant litter in the abandoned farmland, the soil organic carbon storage decreased month by month. There were significantly differences be-tween oasis cotton field and abandoned farmland in organic carbon contents. [Con-clusion] The soil organic carbon content and total nitrogen content in oasis cotton field were significantly higher than those in the abandoned farmland. The soil organ-ic carbon storage increased in the layer of 0-30 cm, while there was no significant change of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content in the layer of 30-100 cm, which was consistent with the previous study on the distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content profile.

Effects of cotton field management practices on soil CO2 emission and C balance in an arid region of Northwest China

Changes in both soil organic C storage and soil respiration in farmland ecosystems may affect atmospheric CO2 concentration and global C cycle. The objective of this field experiment was to study the effects of three crop field management practices on soil CO2 emission and C balance in a cotton field in an arid region of Northwest China. The three management practices were irrigation methods（drip and flood）, stubble managements（stubble-incorporated and stubble-removed） and fertilizer amendments（no fertilizer（CK）, chicken manure（OM）, inorganic N, P and K fertilizer（NPK）, and inorganic fertilizer plus chicken manure（NPK＋OM））. The results showed that within the C pool range, soil CO2 emission during the whole growing season was higher in the drip irrigation treatment than in the corresponding flood irrigation treatment, while soil organic C concentration was larger in the flood irrigation treatment than in the corresponding drip irrigation treatment. Furthermore, soil CO2 emission and organic C concentration were all higher in the stubble-incorporated treatment than in the corresponding stubble-removed treatment, and larger in the NPK＋OM treatment than in the other three fertilizer amendments within the C pool range. The combination of flood irrigation, stubble incorporation and application of either NPK＋OM or OM increased soil organic C concentration in the 0-60 cm soil depth. Calculation of net ecosystem productivity（NEP） under different management practices indicated that the combination of drip irrigation, stubble incorporation and NPK＋OM increased the size of the C pool most, followed by the combination of drip irrigation, stubble incorporation and NPK. In conclusion, management practices have significant impacts on soil CO2 emission, organic C concentration and C balance in cotton fields. Consequently, appropriate management practices, such as the combination of drip irrigation, stubble incorporation, and either NPK＋OM or NPK could increase soil C storage in cotton fields of Northwest China.

Field Measurement of Cotton Seedling Evapotranspiration

Information on cotton evapotranspiration (ET) during the seedling growth stage and under field conditions is scarce because ET is a difficult parameter to measure. Our objective was to use weighable lysimeters to measure daily values of cotton seedling ET. We designed and built plastic weighable micro-lysimeters (ML) that were 0.35 m deep with a soil volume of 6300 cm3. The soil core was obtained in-situ by pushing the ML well casing into the soil using a commercial soil sampler. The soil core was weighed with tension and compression type load-cells, where a change in mass of 18 g·d-1 was equivalent to a water evaporation of 1 mm·d-1. We compared load-cell measurements of changes in mass to values measured with a portable field scale by linear regression analysis, and the slope was equal to 1, indicating no statistical difference (P = 0.05) between the two measurements. We measured and compared seedling height, root length and leaf area of cotton plants in the ML with cotton plants in the surrounding area and this comparison showed that the ML used was suitable to measure cotton seedling ET for the first 30 days after seed emergence. The root mean squared error for crop height was 0.09 cm, for leaf area index (LAI) was 0.03 m2·m-2 and 6.5 cm for root length. Also, soil temperature at a 0.1 m depth was statistically (P = 0.05) the same in and outside the ML’s. For two planting dates, we measured daily values of soil water evaporation (E) and cotton seedling ET. The day following an irrigation event, E was ~ 9 mm d-1 and quickly declined the following days. Results showed that ML’s provide an accurate tool to measure water losses from the soil and cotton plants with a LAI of ≤0.2.

Study on Site-specific Nutrient Management in Cotton Field

The study on the characteristics of spatial variability of soil nutrients and fertilizer recommendations in cotton field under certain conditions of agricultural management was conducted with GIS and systematic approach for soil nutrient constrains. The results showed that of the spatial variability of soil nutrient was greatly related to the management condition of previous crops. Grid sampling and variable rate application technology (VRAT) were the tools that would hopefully increase fertilizer efficiency. The fertilizers were applied where they were needed and at proper rate. Balance fertilization demonstration showed that fertilizer recommendations according to the available nutrient level in soil could decrease fertilizer cost with 657.4 yuan / ha and increase seed cotton yield by 19.8%. A net profit of the balanced fertilization was 5314.9 yuan / ha higher than that of local fertilization practice.

新疆棉田废弃物资源化利用技术浅析

为实现新疆棉田机械化回收的残膜秸秆废弃物综合再利用,通过分析目前新疆棉田残膜及棉田废弃物污染现状,阐述了国内现有的膜秆混合物应用技术及特点,进一步分析了新疆棉田残膜废弃物资源化利用存在的问题,并提出改进建议,以期为新疆棉田废弃物综合治理提供参考。

风化壳颗粒大小是决定典型干旱区硝态氮深部累积特征的关键因素

我国干旱区农田关键带过量施氮造成氮肥利用率低和土壤硝态氮大量累积,威胁生态环境安全。阐明干旱区土壤硝态氮累积特征及其影响因素,可为干旱区水肥综合管理提供科学参考。选择典型干旱区——新疆阿克苏地区为研究区域,从南向北沿地形序列布设三个钻孔点,分别为60年棉田XJ1(40°36′48.7″N,80°48′14.2″E)、32年老苹果园XJ2(41°16′16.2″N,80°19′9.1″E)和15年新苹果园XJ3(41°20′37.6″N,80°17′11.0″E),海拔依次为971 m、1129 m和1213 m,采样深度依次为7.75 m、10.52 m和9.91 m,利用线性和非线性相关分析方法研究了土壤有关理化性质与土壤硝态氮浓度变异的关系。结果表明,海拔低处棉田和海拔高处不同种植年限的苹果园土壤深部均出现了硝态氮显著累积特征,深部浓度高达44 mg·kg^(-1),最大累积深度超过10 m。土壤含水量和不同粒径颗粒(砾石、砂粒、粉粒与黏粒)含量等关键理化性质可解释土壤硝态氮浓度垂直变异的约50%。其中,土壤含水量和土壤颗粒大小是决定土壤硝态氮深部累积特征的重要因素,土壤含水量越高、土壤颗粒越细,土壤硝态氮浓度通常越高。棉田土壤硝态氮在4 m深地下水位以下发生了明显的反硝化作用,使累积的硝态氮浓度降至较低水平(<1 mg·kg-1)。苹果园因地下水位较深,土壤硝态氮未发生明显的反硝化作用,且已大量迁移累积至植物根系难以触及的深部区域(>5 m)。土壤含水量是影响土壤硝态氮深部累积特征的地下部直接性因素;土壤颗粒大小通过调控土壤含水量空间变异,而成为影响土壤硝态氮深部累积特征的地下部根本性因素。

不同土壤处理除草剂对棉田杂草防除效果及安全性

为筛选出适宜本地区土壤处理的除草剂。通过大田小区试验,采用土壤封闭处理,对比分析了7种土壤处理除草剂对棉花安全性和杂草防除的效果。结果显示,与对照相比,不同药剂处理对‘冈棉11号’出苗率和第一果枝结位均没有显著性差异,但鲜重、株高和果枝数有增加趋势,表明试验药剂对棉花安全。田间药效结果显示,复配剂50%扑草净可湿性粉剂(WP)+33%二甲戊灵乳油(EC)、50%扑草净WP+960 g/L精异丙甲草胺EC和50%扑草净WP+50%乙草胺EC对禾本科和阔叶杂草均具有较好防效,45 d平均鲜重防效分别为83.32%、84.08%、80.57%,与单剂处理均存在极显著差异,且持效期较长,建议3种复配剂作为土壤处理除草剂用于棉田杂草防除。

棉纤维的研究进展

棉纤维作为四大天然纤维之首,是使用范围最为广泛的天然纤维材料,其广泛应用于服装面料、玩具填充材料、抗菌纺织材料等。随着科技的快速发展,以及对棉纤维的深入研究,其应用也越来越广泛,不再局限于传统的纺织领域。经过对其进行一系列处理之后,棉纤维更多应用于医疗、污染治理、防护等领域。通过介绍棉纤维材料的分类、制备、改性、性能评价标准及其应用,为未来棉纤维的研究提供了一定的思路和参考方向,推动棉纤维材料向着应用更加广泛、制作过程更加安全、产品质量更加绿色环保的方向发展。

基于物联网的棉田节水灌溉自动控制系统设计

针对棉田灌溉环境下采用的传统无线通信技术功耗高、通信距离近、信号质量不稳定的问题,基于Lora技术设计了一种棉田节水灌溉自动控制系统。首先,提出了系统总体设计方案,以Arduino作为核心控制器,通过田间信息采集节点采集棉田土壤湿度信息;然后,利用Lora组网将数据传输到Lora基站,再利用4G网络将数据传输到物联网云平台,完成Web端和手机APP端的土壤湿度数据实时监测及对田间执行控制终端的控制;接着,在考虑棉田灌溉需求的情况下,完成了对系统硬件的选型与设计、软件设计与物联网平台的开发;最后,进行了系统通信测试。试验结果表明:在一定通信距离内,系统运行稳定,可以完成实时数据采集、传输与阀门远程控制,满足了复杂棉田环境通信需求。

新疆南疆绿盲蝽季节性寄主转移规律

为了明确南疆地区绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum不同季节的寄主植物种类以及在主要寄主作物上的种群发生动态,本研究在2021年采用扫网法对阿克苏地区农田生态系统中常见的23个科55种植物上的绿盲蝽种群动态进行了周年调查,并于2019年-2021年通过黄板诱捕法系统监测了绿盲蝽种群在当地枣园、棉田的发生情况。绿盲蝽在当地1年发生5代,存在明显的寄主转移现象。绿盲蝽1~2代(5月中旬至7月上旬)主要在枣树Ziziphus jujuba上为害,枣树花期结束2代成虫大量迁出枣园,3~4代(7月上旬至9月中旬)主要在棉田为害,5代(9月上旬至10月中旬)迁回枣园。除为害主要作物枣树、陆地棉Gossypium hirsutum外,1代绿盲蝽的寄主植物有甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis、藜Chenopodium album、欧洲油菜Brassica napus,2~3代的寄主植物有白花草木樨Melilotus albus、黄香草木樨Melilotus officinalis、甘草、藜、欧洲油菜、骆驼刺Alhagi camelorum、萹蓄Polygonum aviculare、苜蓿Medicago sativa等,4~5代的寄主植物包括青蒿Artemisia caruifolia、艾A.argyi、白花草木樨、欧洲油菜、萹蓄等。枣园及棉田绿盲蝽成虫种群消长动态与上述寄主转移规律高度吻合。研究结果为南疆地区果棉生态系统中绿盲蝽的发生测报与科学防治提供重要的科学依据。

秸秆还田与沼液配施对盐渍化土壤养分及酶活性的影响

于2023年开展120 d的室内培养试验,设置棉秆全量还田(AS)、低量沼液单施(LB)、高量沼液单施(HB)、棉秆还田配施低量沼液(AS+LB)、棉秆还田配施高量沼液(AS+HB)共5个处理,分别于3、6、10、20、30、40、60、80、100、120 d进行破坏性采样,分析不同处理土壤主要理化指标和关键酶活性的变化,为南疆棉花秸秆在盐渍环境中的高效腐解和沼液合理利用提供参考。结果表明,棉秆还田配施沼液处理的土壤有机质变化呈现快速增加(0~10 d)和慢速积累(>10 d)两个阶段。与棉秆全量还田相比,高量沼液配施处理土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别增加25.15%、35.26%、79.25%和66.90%,土壤过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性分别增加90.67%、66.54%和44.25%,土壤电导率也有所提升。冗余分析(RDA)揭示了有机质是土壤酶活性变化的主控因子,解释了方差变异的54.30%。因此,秸秆还田与沼液配施能够增加棉田盐渍化土壤有机质和全氮含量,促进酶活性增加,但沼液过量配施会增加土壤盐渍化风险。

花铃期不同灌溉处理对棉花光合特性和产量的影响

【目的】揭示花铃期不同灌水下限对棉花叶片光合特征参数及产量的影响,为新疆北疆植棉区灌溉制度的优化提供参考。【方法】2023年在新疆昌吉开展大田试验,以中棉所125为供试品种,在花铃期设置3种灌水下限,分别为55%(T1)、60%(T2)和70%(T3)田间持水量,以当地常规的滴灌模式作为对照(CK),分析不同处理对花铃期土壤含水率、棉花叶片光合特性及产量性状的影响,并探究了光合指标与叶面温度和气象因子之间的相关关系和回归关系。【结果】花铃期T3处理的0~60 cm土层土壤含水率维持在相对较高且稳定的范围(18.5%~21.6%)。花铃前期(7月11日),T3处理的净光合速率日平均值最大,呈升-降-升-降的日变化趋势。相关分析表明,净光合速率、蒸腾速率均与0~60 cm土层土壤含水率、叶面温度、太阳辐射强度和环境温度呈显著正相关关系。T3处理的籽棉产量和灌溉水利用效率最高,分别较CK显著提高26.46%和71.43%。基于秩和比法的多目标综合评价表明,T3处理的综合效果最优。【结论】在水资源短缺的北疆膜下滴灌棉田,花铃期灌水下限、上限分别设置为70%、90%田间持水量可以实现节水且高产。

基于离散元法的耕层残膜拉伸性能研究

由于耕层残膜回收机关键农机部件设计优化过程中缺乏准确的残膜离散元模型参数,在一定程度上制约了耕层残膜回收机残膜受力机理分析与机构优化改进。本文以棉田耕层残膜为研究对象,对耕层残膜含量和极限拉伸力进行测定,得到不同耕层深度、不同厚度的残膜含量和极限拉伸力。根据测定结果,利用EDEM软件选用Hertz-Mindlin with Bonding接触模型对耕层残膜进行离散元模型参数标定,选用单位面积法向刚度、单位面积切向刚度、临界法向应力、临界切向应力、粘结半径、接触半径为试验因素。通过Plackett-Burman试验,确定影响Bond键的主要参数有单位面积法向刚度、临界法向应力和粘结半径。通过最陡爬坡试验和Box-Behnken试验,最终确定最优的Bonding模型显著参数单位面积法向刚度、临界法向应力、粘结半径分别为2.36×10^(5) N/m^(3)、6.47×10^(4) Pa、0.004 mm,对参数进行了仿真试验验证,误差为5.88%,满足要求。通过对比物理试验与仿真试验的拉伸过程耕层残膜状态与拉伸曲线,表明了耕层残膜模型合理性,为后期耕层残膜回收机仿真与膜土分离机理研究提供了理论支撑。

北疆典型棉区土壤微塑料污染现状及分布特征

为研究北疆棉区土壤微塑料的污染现状及分布特征,于2021年4月采集分析了不同覆膜年限(0、5、10、20、30 a)及不同土层深度(0~10、10~20、20~30 cm)的土壤样品。结果表明:北疆棉区土壤中微塑料丰度范围为1565~3560个·kg^(-1),且随着覆膜年限的增加微塑料丰度值呈现升高趋势,但地膜的使用量与微塑料丰度的关联度逐渐降低,10~30 cm土壤微塑料丰度与地膜的使用量关联度高;该区域土壤微塑料形状主要有薄膜状、碎片状、纤维状和发泡状4种;微塑料颜色包括白色透明、黑色、黄色和其他颜色,所占比例分别为69.02%、14.78%、6.49%和9.71%;微塑料粒径随覆膜年限增加而减小,粒径<0.5 mm的微塑料所占百分比最大;利用傅里叶衰减全反射红外光谱(FTIR)随机调查发现,研究区内土壤微塑料的主要成分分别是聚乙烯(PE)占比45%、聚丙烯(PP)占比20%、聚酰胺(PA)占比16%;各覆膜年限土壤微塑料污染负荷指数在1.70~2.57之间,且随着覆膜年限的增加而增加,研究区微塑料污染负荷指数达到2.09,微塑料污染等级已达重度。研究表明,研究区内存在不同程度的微塑料污染,其引起的生态风险需引起重视。

磷添加对棉田土壤理化性质及其细菌多样性的影响

【目的】为了解不同磷肥施用量对棉田土壤理化性质及其细菌群落结构的影响,以连续6年不同磷添加的田间定位试验为背景,探讨土壤细菌群落与其理化性质的关系。【方法】试验共设5个处理:0 kg/hm^(2)(P0)、75 kg/hm^(2)(P1)、150 kg/hm^(2)(P2)、300 kg/hm^(2)(P3)和450 kg/hm^(2)(P4)。测定花铃期棉田土壤含水率、温度、容重、pH、电导率以及有机质等理化指标,运用高通量测序技术分析不同施磷水平0~20 cm土层细菌多样性及其结构组成。【结果】施磷可以降低pH和电导率含量,而对土壤容重和含水量均无较大影响;不同施磷水平对土壤有机质含量和温度均产生显著影响,且在P2时达到最高。细菌群落结构中,2个优势菌门为变形菌门和放线菌门,3个优势菌纲为γ⁃变形菌纲、α⁃变形菌纲和β⁃变形菌纲,2个优势菌目为假单胞菌目和根瘤菌目,2个优势菌科为假单胞菌科和慢生根瘤菌科,4个优势菌属为中华根瘤菌属、慢生根瘤菌属、链霉菌属和糖多孢菌属。P2处理的OTU数和Chao1指数分别为4702和6217.79,均为最高。说明磷添加可以增加土壤细菌群落的丰富度和多样性。具有溶磷作用的3个门(放线菌门、变形菌门和浮霉菌门)和2个属(慢生根瘤菌属和链霉菌属)相对丰度随磷肥施入而显著升高。RDA分析结果表明,土壤pH、电导率、有机质和容重与放线菌门呈显著正相关,与变形菌门呈负相关。【结论】与不施用磷肥相比,施用磷肥可显著提高土壤温度、有机质和细菌优势菌群(浮霉菌门、β⁃变形菌纲、慢生根瘤菌属和链霉菌属)相对丰度,降低土壤pH和电导率。其中,P2处理的土壤温度、有机质和α多样性明显提高,电导率显著下降,能够有效改善土壤生态环境,进而提高土壤肥力。

新疆棉田灰漠土氨氧化微生物群落对灌溉水盐度和施氮量的响应

采用灌溉水盐度和施氮量两因素试验,其中灌溉水盐度设置2个水平:0.35 dS·m^(-1)(淡水,FW)和8.04 dS·m^(-1)(咸水,SW),施氮量设2个水平:0(不施氮,N0)和360 kg·hm^(-2)(施氮,N360),以咸水滴灌的棉田土壤为材料,测定了土壤理化性质和生物学指标,结果显示:(1)咸水滴灌显著增加土壤EC 1∶5和NH_(4)^(+)-N含量,分别增加了457.74%和73.02%,但显著降低土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N含量,降低了35.88%;施氮显著增加土壤EC 1∶5、NO_(3)^(-)-N和NH_(4)^(+)-N含量,分别增加了32.09%、668.33%和39.88%。(2)咸水滴灌显著降低了土壤潜在硝化势,较淡水处理降低了28.97%;施氮显著增加了土壤潜在硝化势,较不施氮处理增加了317.27%。(3)咸水滴灌显著降低氨氧化细菌(AOB)和全程氨氧化细菌A分支(amoA-clade-A)和B分支(amoA-clade-B)的基因拷贝数,分别降低了81.27%、73.49%和62.51%,但显著增加氨氧化古菌(AOA)的基因拷贝数,增加了487.94%;氮肥施用均显著增加了氨氧化微生物的基因拷贝数,分别增加了511.20%(AOA)、958.13%(AOB)、72.66%(amoA-clade-A)和31.18%(amoA-clade-B)。(4)氨氧化微生物优势菌属为假单胞菌属、嗜甲基菌属、亚硝化螺菌属、慢生根瘤菌属、链霉菌属、硝化螺菌属、寡养单胞菌属、食甲基菌属、螯台球菌属、囊胞杆菌属、亚硝基单胞菌属、红假单胞菌属、芽孢杆菌属和拉姆利式杆菌。(5)咸水滴灌降低了AOA的多样性和丰富度及amoA-clade-A的多样性,但增加了AOB和amoA-clade-B的多样性和丰富度及amoA-clade-A的丰富度;氮肥施用显著降低了AOA和AOB的丰富度及amoA-clade-A的丰富度和多样性,但增加了amoA-clade-B的丰富度和多样性。综上,盐分是影响氨氧化微生物群落结构的主要驱动因子,氨氧化古菌是土壤氨氧化作用的优势物种,而氨氧化细菌和全程氨氧化细菌A分支是咸水滴灌棉田氨氧化作用的主导微生物种群。

基于SHAW模型的北疆地区不同滴灌年限棉田冻融期土壤水热盐动态模拟研究

为探究SHAW(Simultaneous heat and water)模型在北疆地区长期膜下滴灌棉田冻融期土壤水热盐动态模拟的适用性,本研究选用滴灌起始年限为1998年(21 a)的棉田土壤水热盐实测数据对SHAW模型进行率定,以滴灌起始年限为2006年(13 a)、2008年(11 a)、2012年(7 a)和荒地(0 a)的水热盐实测数据进行验证。模型率定结果表明,随土壤深度增加土壤温度的模拟效果越好;土壤水盐的模拟效果先增强后减弱。模拟土壤温度Nash系数(NSE)、均方根误差(RMSE)和R2分别为0.713~0.993、0.209~2.498℃和0.911~0.994;模拟土壤水分NSE和RMSE分别为0.824~0.967和0.009%~0.032%;模拟土壤盐分NSE和RMSE分别为0.609~0.844和0.001~0.012 g/kg。模型验证结果表明,随滴灌年限增加模拟效果越好,模拟除荒地20~60 cm土层土壤温度NSE小于0.600,滴灌7、11和13 a地块各层土壤温度NSE均大于0.600,RMSE介于0.143~3.213℃;滴灌0、7、11和13 a地块模拟的各层土壤水分NSE均大于0.670,RMSE为0.009%~0.057%;滴灌0、7、11和13 a地块模拟的除120~140 cm土层土壤盐分NSE小于0.600,其他各层土壤盐分NSE均大于0.616,RMSE为0.000~0.016 g/kg。总体而言,SHAW模型适用于北疆地区冻融期长期膜下滴灌棉田的一维土壤水热盐模拟。