Genetic control strategies such as the sterile insect technique have successfully fought insect pests worldwide. The CRISPR(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) technology, together with high-qua...Genetic control strategies such as the sterile insect technique have successfully fought insect pests worldwide. The CRISPR(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) technology, together with high-quality genomic resources obtained in more and more species, greatly facilitates the development of novel genetic control insect strains that can be used in area-wide and species-specific pest control programs. Here, we review the research progress towards state-of-art CRISPR-based genetic control strategies, including gene drive, sex ratio distortion, CRISPRengineered genetic sexing strains, and precision-guided sterile insect technique. These strategies’ working mechanisms,potential resistance development mechanisms, and regulations are illustrated and discussed. In addition, recent developments such as stacked and conditional systems are introduced. We envision that the advances in genetic technology will continue to be one of the driving forces for developing the next generation of pest control strategies.展开更多
Malaria is still a significant cause of death and suffering throughout much of the developing world.Fortunately,the global community provides significant(though,not sufficient)resources to combat the disease and the p...Malaria is still a significant cause of death and suffering throughout much of the developing world.Fortunately,the global community provides significant(though,not sufficient)resources to combat the disease and the parasite that causes it.How ought we to allocate these resources?One option is to purchase and distribute perhaps the best tool we have to prevent malaria:insecticide-treated nets.Another route would see us invest in research and development of a novel biotechnology that could eradicate the disease in perpetuity.If we choose to spend our money on insecticidetreated nets,we will be rescuing current individuals at risk of being infected with the parasite.Though,we can be almost certain there will be future individuals who will also need rescuing.If we instead invest in the novel biotech no logy,we could benefit countless future individuals who never have to experience the threat of malaria.Hence,this would mean that some number of current individuals will die due to the lack of insecticide-treated nets that otherwise could have saved their lives.So,ought we to rescue current,identifiable individuals,or ought we invest in research for the sake of the future?After an exploration of the duty to rescue and cost-effectiveness analysis,I suggest we look towards the literature on intergenerational justice for a justifiable answer to the question of how we ought to allocate our malaria resources.展开更多
基金funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)within project numbers 470105316/YA 502/3-1(to Ying Yan)and SCHE 1833/7-1(to Marc F.Schetelig)。
文摘Genetic control strategies such as the sterile insect technique have successfully fought insect pests worldwide. The CRISPR(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) technology, together with high-quality genomic resources obtained in more and more species, greatly facilitates the development of novel genetic control insect strains that can be used in area-wide and species-specific pest control programs. Here, we review the research progress towards state-of-art CRISPR-based genetic control strategies, including gene drive, sex ratio distortion, CRISPRengineered genetic sexing strains, and precision-guided sterile insect technique. These strategies’ working mechanisms,potential resistance development mechanisms, and regulations are illustrated and discussed. In addition, recent developments such as stacked and conditional systems are introduced. We envision that the advances in genetic technology will continue to be one of the driving forces for developing the next generation of pest control strategies.
文摘Malaria is still a significant cause of death and suffering throughout much of the developing world.Fortunately,the global community provides significant(though,not sufficient)resources to combat the disease and the parasite that causes it.How ought we to allocate these resources?One option is to purchase and distribute perhaps the best tool we have to prevent malaria:insecticide-treated nets.Another route would see us invest in research and development of a novel biotechnology that could eradicate the disease in perpetuity.If we choose to spend our money on insecticidetreated nets,we will be rescuing current individuals at risk of being infected with the parasite.Though,we can be almost certain there will be future individuals who will also need rescuing.If we instead invest in the novel biotech no logy,we could benefit countless future individuals who never have to experience the threat of malaria.Hence,this would mean that some number of current individuals will die due to the lack of insecticide-treated nets that otherwise could have saved their lives.So,ought we to rescue current,identifiable individuals,or ought we invest in research for the sake of the future?After an exploration of the duty to rescue and cost-effectiveness analysis,I suggest we look towards the literature on intergenerational justice for a justifiable answer to the question of how we ought to allocate our malaria resources.
