Quantifying the Impact of In-Cab Alerts on Truck Speed Reductions in Ohio

In-cab alerts warn commercial vehicle drivers of upcoming roadway incidents, slowdowns and work zone construction activities. This paper reports on a study evaluating the driver response to in-cab alerts in Ohio. Driver response was evaluated by measuring the statistical trends of vehicle speeds after the in-cab alerts were received. Vehicle speeds pre and post in-cab alert were collected over a 47 day period in the fall of 2023 for trucks traveling on interstate roadways in Ohio. Results show that approximately 22% of drivers receiving Dangerous Slowdown alerts had reduced their speeds by at least 5 mph 30 seconds after receiving such an alert. Segmenting this analysis by speed found that of vehicles traveling at or above 70 mph at the time of alerting, 26% reduced speeds by at least 5 mph. These speed reductions suggest drivers taking actional measures after receiving alerts. Future studies will involve further analysis on the impact of the types of alerts shown, roadway characteristics and overall traffic conditions on truck speeds passing through work zones.

Truck Cab Design： Perceptions of Women Truck Drivers

The trucking industry is a major force behind the United States （US） economy with approximately 750,000 interstate motor carriers. Trucks deliver 70% of all freight tonnage while 80% of U.S. communities receive goods exclusively by truck. The motor carrier industry provides jobs, generating significant income and tax revenue, representing approximately 5% of U.S. GDP （gross domestic product）. Despite one of every 13 people employed in a trucking-related job, there is a significant driver shortage. The ATA （American Trucking Associations） currently projects a shortage of 20,000 to 25,000 drivers in the for-hire truckload market. Women are well positioned to address this shortage. In 2011, women represented 7% of total employment in the U.S. trucking industry. The purpose of this study was to identify truck design needs for women truck drivers. This research is significant due to limited data sources about truck design needs for women drivers. This study also contributes to the body of knowledge about women in the trucking industry. In response, a 33-question survey was developed using QualtricsTM survey software. In April, 2012, an electronic survey was distributed to 663 Women in Trucking Association members over a two-week period with a response rate of 18%. Results were separated into quantitative and qualitative data and analyzed accordingly. Adjustability was a central issue facing women truck drivers. Recommendations for seat design, side mirrors, steps, handrails, hydraulic hood lifters, and steering consoles will be presented. Limitations of the study and recommendations for future research will be discussed.

Intersection capacity based on driver's visual characteristics

In order to reflect the influence of the drivers＇ characteristic differences on intersection capacity under a mixed traffic flow, a driver correction coefficient for the intersection capacity calculation according to the driver＇s visual characteristics is proposed. First, the parameters of the driver＇s visual characteristics at some real roads, including gaze fixation distribution, mean fixation duration, visual angle distribution and some other parameters at intersections, are collected. Then, the relationship between the traffic flow rate at intersections and the parameters of driver eye movements are established. The analytical results indicate that when the traffic flow is unsaturated, the parameters of driver eye movements change relatively little; however, when the traffic flow is saturated, the parameters of driver eye movements change drastically. Finally, the saturation-flow-rate model is modified according to the parameters of driver eye movements; thus, a capacity model of intersections considering the driver＇s visual characteristics is obtained.

Ride quality evaluation of the soil compactor cab supplemented by auxiliary hydraulic mounts via simulation and experiment

In order to evaluate the ride quality of the soil compactor cab supplemented by the auxiliary hydraulic mounts (AHM), a nonlinear dynamic model of the soil compactor interacting with the off-road deformable terrain is established based on Matlab/Simulink sofware. The power spectral density (PSD) and the weighted root mean square (RMS) of acceleration responses of the vertical driver s seat, the cab s pitch and roll angle are chosen as objective functions in low-frequency range. Experimental investigation is also used to verify the accuracy of the model. The influence of the damping coefficients of the AHM on the cab s ride quality is analyzed, and damping coefficients are then optimized via a genetic algorithm program. The research results show that the cab s rubber mounts added by the AHM clearly improve the ride quality under various operating conditions. Particularly, with the optimal damping coefficients of the front-end mounts c a 1,2 = 1 500 N · s/m and of the rear-end mounts c a 3,4 =2 335 N · s/m, the weighted RMS values of the driver s seat, the cab s pitch and roll angle are reduced by 22.2%, 18.8%, 58.7%, respectively. Under the condition of the vehicle travelling, with the optimal damping coefficients of c a 1,2 = 1 500 N · s/m and c a 3,4 =1 882 N · s/m, the maximum PSD values of the driver s seat, the cab s pitch and roll angle are clearly decreased by 36.7%, 54.7% and 50.6% under the condition of the vehicle working.

基于改进Faster RCNN的驾驶员手持通话检测

针对现有驾驶员通话行为识别误判率较高的问题,提出一种基于改进Faster RCNN的驾驶员行为检测方法,对驾驶员的违规手持通话进行检测.介绍了针对区域建议网络(RPN)及其损失函数的优化策略,并在原始Faster RCNN上运用多尺度训练、增加锚点数量以及引入残差扩张网络的方法增强网络检测不同尺寸目标的鲁棒性.基于车载平台上采集的驾驶员行为图像,对文中提出的方法进行仿真试验.结果表明:RPN和Faster RCNN通过交替优化共享特征提取网络部分,实现高效的目标检测,相较于原始Faster RCNN,检测精确度提高了3.8%,对环境的适应性更强.

Performance analysis of semi-active cab’s hydraulic system of the vibratory roller using optimal fuzzy-PID control

In order to evaluate the performance of semi-active cab’s hydraulic mounts(SHM)of the off-road vibratory roller with the optimal fuzzy-PID(proportional integral derivative)control,a nonlinear dynamic model of the vehicle interacting with off-road terrains is established based on Matlab/Simulink software.The weighted root-mean-square(RMS)acceleration responses of the driver’s seat heave and the cab’s pitch angle are chosen as objective functions.The SHM is then optimized and analyzed via the optimal fuzzy-PID control under different operation conditions.The simulations results show that the driver’s ride comfort and the cab shaking are greatly affected by the off-road terrains under various operating conditions of the vehicle,especially at the speed from 8 to 12 km/h on a very poor terrain surface of Grenville soil ground under the vehicle travelling.With SHM using the optimal fuzzy-PID control,the driver’s ride comfort and the cab shaking are clearly improved under various operation conditions of the vehicle,particularly at the speed from 6 to 7 km/h of the vehicle traveling.

Modification of the Genetic Polymorphism of Glutathione-S-Transferase (GSTM1 and GSTT1) in Motorcycle Drivers Exposed to BTEX in Cotonou

The glutathione-S-transferase genes mainly the GSTM1 and GSTT1 alleles are responsible for the synthesis of detoxication enzymes that can remove toxic substances. The objective of this study is to seek changes in the genetic polymorphism of glutathione-S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 in motorcycle drivers exposed to BTEX. Our study group consists of 60 motorcycle drivers including 30 professional and 30 non-professional. Blood samples were preleveled from the study population in the EDTA tubes and DNA was extracted by the phenol/chloroform method. The PCR technique was used to determine the presence or absence of genes. Our results showed that the percentage of GSTM1 null genotype has a statistically significant difference (P = 0.02), while the percentage of GSTT1 null genotype was non-significant (P = 0.76) between the two groups. The percentage of deletion of both genes is higher in professional than non-professional motorcycle drivers. Air pollution in Cotonou by BTEX seems to influence the deletion of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes at a higher percentage among professional than non-professional motorcycle drivers.

Spatio-temporal characteristics of regional sustainable economic growth drivers of China

Intellectual capital(IC)has become a universal performance indicator for the socioeconomic development of countries and regions.Based on a review ofnational intellectualcapital(NIC)and regional intellectualcapital(RIC)evaluation literature,we used the regional intellectualcapitalindicator(RICI)as a model for China’s RIC evaluation to indirectly understand China’s potential economic growth drivers.Specifically,we collected statisticaldata of31 provinces(including municipalities and autonomous regions)in China from 2004 to 2016to measure RICI and analyze its dynamic characteristics from temporal and spatial perspectives.In this paper,Delphi analysis was used to construct RICI model,and cluster analysisand exploratory spatial data analysis were used to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of RICI in China.The results showedthat RICI,which represents China’s overall economic growth drivers,increases annuallyand is consistent with economic developmentlevelduring the study period.Regarding the geo-spatial space,RICI follows the trend of“high in the east and low in the west”,gradually decreasing from eastern to western China.ForRIC structure,the shape of the radar chart of IC structure located in the eastern coastal areas is usually biased towards strong external relational capital,while that in western China is generally biased towards structural capital.For spatial correlation,China’s RICI has dependence on geographical adjacent space and economic space.Our research can provide policy suggestions for the sustainable development of regional economy from an IC perspective.

Quantification of Ride Comfort Using Musculoskeletal Mathematical Model Considering Vehicle Behavior

This research aims to quantify driver ride comfort due to changes in damper characteristics between comfort mode and sport mode,considering the vehicle’s inertial behavior.The comfort of riding in an automobile has been evaluated in recent years on the basis of a subjective sensory evaluation given by the driver.However,reflecting driving sensations in design work to improve ride comfort is abstract in nature and difficult to express theoretically.Therefore,we evaluated the human body’s effects while driving scientifically by quantifying the driver’s behavior while operating the steering wheel and the behavior of the automobile while in motion using physical quantities.To this end,we collected driver and vehicle data using amotion capture system and vehicle CAN and IMU sensors.We also constructed a three-dimensional musculoskeletal mathematical model to simulate driver movements and calculate the power and amount of energy per unit of time used for driving the joints and muscles of the human body.Here,we used comfort mode and sport mode to compare damper characteristics in terms of hardness.In comfort mode,damper characteristics are soft and steering stability is mild,but vibration from the road is not easily transmitted to the driver making for a lighter load on the driver.In sport mode,on the other hand,damper characteristics are hard and steering stability is comparatively better.Still,vibration from the road is easily transmitted to the driver,whichmakes it easy for a load to be placed on the driver.As a result of this comparison,it was found that a load was most likely to be applied to the driver’s neck.This result in relation to the neck joint can therefore be treated as an objective measure for quantifying ride comfort.

基于VxWorks半物理仿真中S-函数驱动模块的开发

深入研究了构建半物理仿真系统中I/O设备S-函数驱动模块的开发方法,详细论述了采用C MEX S-函数开发I/O设备驱动模块过程中各函数例程的作用、调用形式和开发方法,以及RTW下模型代码的生成过程,并基于该方法下完成了PCI6208DA等设备驱动模块的开发,驱动模块的开发成功有助于提高半物理仿真的灵活性和可靠性,具有一定的实用性和推广价值。

基于Simulink的硬件嵌入式实时仿真设计及应用

为了利用Matlab的强大功能实现在线实时仿真,提出了基于Simulink的硬件嵌入式实时仿真系统。在分析S-Function模块硬件驱动原理的基础上,介绍了用C语言编写S-Function函数,以调用设备驱动程序操作采集卡。论述了调试建立S-Function模块的过程。在仿真模型中该模块作为信源模块,解决了仿真过程中在线实时数据采集的问题,给出基于该模块的IEC推荐的闪变仪的设计模型和实验结果,论证了该仿真系统的可行性。该方法普遍适用于各种数据采集卡。

全彩LED驱动芯片的S-PWM优化

提出了一种基于全彩LED恒流驱动芯片的改进型的S-PWM(Scrambled-PWM)实现方法。该方法将16 bit灰度数据分为两个部分:10位的高比特数据(MSB)和6位的低比特数据(LSB)。LSB灰度数据得到的灰度控制信号被划分成63个部分,MSB灰度数据则重复计数64次来得到灰度控制信号,每当MSB数据计数完成一次,LSB灰度控制信号的一个部分被添加在MSB得到控制信号的后面。即使MSB数据全部为0,也能得到均匀分散的灰度控制信号。与传统的S-PWM方法相比,该方法提弥补了传统S-PWM方法在MSB数据全部为0时的不足,提高了数据的刷新频率。

采用C MEX S函数编写xPC环境下设备驱动模块的研究

在深入研究的基础上,论述了采用C MEX S函数编写此类设备驱动程序的方法和要点,并阐述了这些自定义设备驱动模块的生成和调用方式。此成果被成功地应用于三轴转台的实时测控系统中。

一种无驾型无人驾驶拖拉机系统开发及测试

基于东方红某型动力换挡拖拉机平台,完成了改制上覆盖件、转向/制动液压系统、电器系统,开发匹配遥控系统,改装无人驾驶系统以及无驾驶室的系统设计与试制工作。整个无人驾驶拖拉机系统通过了静态功能测试以及场地测试,其造型、工业设计的深度创新,满足了大型无人化、智能化农场的深耕、深松、联合整地等复式作业需求,填补一拖在重型无驾驶室无人驾驶拖拉机方面的空白。

在RtLinux下利用S函数和TLC开发内嵌驱动程序

在实时应用中 ,对时间的要求比较严格。在RTW中 ,如果只使用非内嵌S函数常常不能满足要求 ,尤其在使用驱动程序时要和硬件交互 ,就需要使用内嵌式S函数。该文介绍了在Rtlinux中应用MATLABRTW生成的实时程序时 ,怎样利用S函数和TLC开发驱动程序并将其内嵌入RTW的生成码。它的优点是节约内存 。

应用于对等速率10G-EPON的10Gbit/s突发模式激光驱动器设计

针对IEEE 802.3av标准所定义的对等速率万兆以太无源光网络(10G-EPON)ONU相关应用,设计了一种10 Gbit/s突发模式激光驱动器芯片,并对调制电路和偏置电路的设计进行了改进,以实现较短的突发开启/关断转换时间.本设计采用低成本的0.18μm CMOS工艺进行流片,整个芯片面积为575μm×675μm.测试表明:该芯片可工作在10.312 5 Gbit/s的速率上;当电源电压为1.8 V时,可对50Ω负载提供高达36 mA的调制电流.突发开启/关断转换时间均小于0.2 ns,远低于IEEE 802.3av标准所规定的上限.该突发模式激光驱动器的输出满足10G-EPON时序参数的规定,适用于10G-EPON ONU相关应用.

基于Simulink/S-Function模块的数据采集板卡硬件驱动开发

在硬件在回路仿真系统中,模型需与数据采集卡之间进行实时数据的采集和交换,Simulink下Real Time Workspace工具箱提供了与硬件之间的实时数据采集和交换,但是工具箱并不支持市面上所有采集板卡的类型,给用户对采集板卡选型带来一定局限性。因此本文使用Simulink中S-Function模块编写不同采集板卡的硬件驱动,证明只要是数据采集工具箱支持的板卡型号,都可以用S-Function进行模块化硬件驱动编写,解决了Simulink中Real Time Workspace工具箱给用户在使用Simulink建模过程中对板卡选型的局限性这一问题。

基于T-S模型的交通状态自适应神经模糊推理系统建模与仿真

针对交通状态的识别诊断问题,引入驾驶人对交通拥堵程度的感知评价作为模型的学习目标,并建立了基于T-S(Takag-i Sugeno)模型的自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS)模型.通过仿真,证明所建立的模型具有较快的收敛速度与较高的识别精度,对交通状态的识别问题研究具有一定的泛化能力和较强的应用效果.

基于C/S体系结构的Linux设备驱动程序设计与实现

通过分析飞思卡尔公司多功能电源管理器件MC13783的工作原理,提出一种基于C/S体系结构的设备驱动程序框架,并基于此框架在嵌入式Linux上设计并实现了MC13783驱动的系统功能。实际使用结果表明,设计的驱动程序能充分满足实际应用需求。

Windows环境下的USB设备驱动程序设计

介绍了Windows环境下的USB设备驱动程序设计方法。通过对WDM驱动程序设计方法的讨论和应用,实现了使用EZ USB芯片进行计算机通信。