Objective: To study the relationship between the amount of consumed alcohol, blood alcohol concentration (BAC), and driving ability among a part of the population in Southwest China and to provide reference for the fo...Objective: To study the relationship between the amount of consumed alcohol, blood alcohol concentration (BAC), and driving ability among a part of the population in Southwest China and to provide reference for the formulation of the legal limits for safe driving. Methods: Seventy-six randomly selected volunteer drivers each had three times of alcohol intake (100 ml each time). After each drank, BAC was measured with gas chromatograph and driving ability was evaluated. The drivers were grouped according to age, weight, alcohol tolerance and driving experience respectively and changes in BAC and driving ability were analyzed. Results: Average BAC and the percentage of drivers showing impaired driving ability in the groups increased after each intake of 100 ml alcohol. BAC in Group≤60 kg was more susceptible to alcohol than that in Group>60 kg. When each drank, alcohol had greater influence on drivers who had comparatively shorter driving experience. Conclusion: Volume of consumed alcohol, BAC and driving ability have direct associations among one another and are all under the influence of various factors including individual conditions. To set an appropriate legal BAC limit for safe driving should take an overall consideration of all factors.展开更多
Urbanization is a comprehensive and complex socioeconomic phenomenon that plays an influential role in promoting global socioeconomic development.The Loess Plateau region is an important part of the China’s ecologica...Urbanization is a comprehensive and complex socioeconomic phenomenon that plays an influential role in promoting global socioeconomic development.The Loess Plateau region is an important part of the China’s ecological security pattern,and occupies an important position in the implementation of China’s new-type urbanization strategy and the realization of the urban dream.The characteristics of the staged changes and regional differentiation of urbanization in the area from 1990 to 2018 were studied with focus on regions and subregions by selecting 341 county-level administrative units on the Chinese Loess Plateau as the research area,and employing partition analysis and geographic detector methods.This revealed the formation mechanism of the spatial differentiation pattern of urbanization on the Loess Plateau.We found that the urbanization of the Loess Plateau,previously in a slow growth phase,entered the accelerated development phase,presenting a macro pattern of high rates of urbanization in central and eastern areas and low rates in western areas.The formation of the regional differentiation patterns of urbanization on the Loess Plateau were the combined results of natural geographical and socioeconomic factors.Among these factors,the interaction of any two factors had a stronger impact on regional urbanization patterns than a single factor,which was specifically manifested as nonlinear or bi-factor enhancement effects.The findings of this paper may provide a theoretical reference and scientific basis for the scientific promotion of healthy urbanization on the Chinese Loess Plateau and the ecologically fragile areas of developing countries around the world.展开更多
The complex landforms of a Shan-shui City(Shan-shui refers to mountains and rivers)significantly impact the selection of locations for logistics enterprises.This paper takes Chongqing,one of the most typical Shan-shui...The complex landforms of a Shan-shui City(Shan-shui refers to mountains and rivers)significantly impact the selection of locations for logistics enterprises.This paper takes Chongqing,one of the most typical Shan-shui Cities in China,as the research object,and adopts spatial analysis methods and a mediating effect model,to explore the role of mountains and rivers in the formation of logistics enterprises’spatial pattern on the street scale.The study results reveal that 90% of the logistics enterprises in the central urban areas of Chongqing are located in the low-altitude area below 353m above sea level,and distributed in a north-south direction along the mountains,as a result of blockage by mountain ranges,such as those of Zhongliang Mountain and Tongluo Mountain.More than 70% of the logistics enterprises are located less than 5 km from either the Yangtze River or Jialing River,spreading along the rivers.In addition,more than half of the logistics enterprises in commercial and financial,and residential land are located within the urban core area,while 80.83% of the logistics enterprises located in warehousing land and industrial land are concentrated in the urban expansion area.In areas with high land prices,the negative effect of altitude on logistics enterprise agglomeration is weakened,while the promotion effect of river proximity on logistics enterprise agglomeration is enhanced.In the urban core area with the advantage of low altitude and proximity to the Jialing and Yangtze Rivers,the role of mountains and rivers on logistics enterprises is not apparent;in contrast,in the urban expansion area with more complex landforms,land price can be an effective means for the government to macro-manage the spatial pattern of logistics enterprises in a Shan-shui City.展开更多
文摘Objective: To study the relationship between the amount of consumed alcohol, blood alcohol concentration (BAC), and driving ability among a part of the population in Southwest China and to provide reference for the formulation of the legal limits for safe driving. Methods: Seventy-six randomly selected volunteer drivers each had three times of alcohol intake (100 ml each time). After each drank, BAC was measured with gas chromatograph and driving ability was evaluated. The drivers were grouped according to age, weight, alcohol tolerance and driving experience respectively and changes in BAC and driving ability were analyzed. Results: Average BAC and the percentage of drivers showing impaired driving ability in the groups increased after each intake of 100 ml alcohol. BAC in Group≤60 kg was more susceptible to alcohol than that in Group>60 kg. When each drank, alcohol had greater influence on drivers who had comparatively shorter driving experience. Conclusion: Volume of consumed alcohol, BAC and driving ability have direct associations among one another and are all under the influence of various factors including individual conditions. To set an appropriate legal BAC limit for safe driving should take an overall consideration of all factors.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFD1100101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42001251)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.GK202103139)。
文摘Urbanization is a comprehensive and complex socioeconomic phenomenon that plays an influential role in promoting global socioeconomic development.The Loess Plateau region is an important part of the China’s ecological security pattern,and occupies an important position in the implementation of China’s new-type urbanization strategy and the realization of the urban dream.The characteristics of the staged changes and regional differentiation of urbanization in the area from 1990 to 2018 were studied with focus on regions and subregions by selecting 341 county-level administrative units on the Chinese Loess Plateau as the research area,and employing partition analysis and geographic detector methods.This revealed the formation mechanism of the spatial differentiation pattern of urbanization on the Loess Plateau.We found that the urbanization of the Loess Plateau,previously in a slow growth phase,entered the accelerated development phase,presenting a macro pattern of high rates of urbanization in central and eastern areas and low rates in western areas.The formation of the regional differentiation patterns of urbanization on the Loess Plateau were the combined results of natural geographical and socioeconomic factors.Among these factors,the interaction of any two factors had a stronger impact on regional urbanization patterns than a single factor,which was specifically manifested as nonlinear or bi-factor enhancement effects.The findings of this paper may provide a theoretical reference and scientific basis for the scientific promotion of healthy urbanization on the Chinese Loess Plateau and the ecologically fragile areas of developing countries around the world.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72173101)sponsored by Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan,China(2022NSFSC0417)。
文摘The complex landforms of a Shan-shui City(Shan-shui refers to mountains and rivers)significantly impact the selection of locations for logistics enterprises.This paper takes Chongqing,one of the most typical Shan-shui Cities in China,as the research object,and adopts spatial analysis methods and a mediating effect model,to explore the role of mountains and rivers in the formation of logistics enterprises’spatial pattern on the street scale.The study results reveal that 90% of the logistics enterprises in the central urban areas of Chongqing are located in the low-altitude area below 353m above sea level,and distributed in a north-south direction along the mountains,as a result of blockage by mountain ranges,such as those of Zhongliang Mountain and Tongluo Mountain.More than 70% of the logistics enterprises are located less than 5 km from either the Yangtze River or Jialing River,spreading along the rivers.In addition,more than half of the logistics enterprises in commercial and financial,and residential land are located within the urban core area,while 80.83% of the logistics enterprises located in warehousing land and industrial land are concentrated in the urban expansion area.In areas with high land prices,the negative effect of altitude on logistics enterprise agglomeration is weakened,while the promotion effect of river proximity on logistics enterprise agglomeration is enhanced.In the urban core area with the advantage of low altitude and proximity to the Jialing and Yangtze Rivers,the role of mountains and rivers on logistics enterprises is not apparent;in contrast,in the urban expansion area with more complex landforms,land price can be an effective means for the government to macro-manage the spatial pattern of logistics enterprises in a Shan-shui City.
文摘目的探讨影响非酒精性脂肪肝(Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)患者低自我管理的危险因素,并构建列线图模型。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2022年3月至2023年3月在乌鲁木齐市某社区卫生服务中心体检的650名NAFLD,其中2022年3月至2023年3月的650例作为建模组,2023年4月至9月的300例作为验证组。验证组依据《成年人健康自我管理能力测评量表》评分分为低自我管理患者和高自我管理组患者。采用单因素分析和二元、多元Logistic回归分析,筛查NAFLD低自我管理的独立危险因素。采用R软件构建列线图模型,校准曲线和决策曲线分别对列线图模型进行内部、外部验证和预测效能评估。结果Logistic回归分析表明,男性、25~64岁、小学及以下文化程度、军人、腰围、体重指数(Body mass index,BMI)、自我效能感、社会支持评分为NAFLD患者低自我管理的危险因素(P<0.001);模型内部及外部验证结果显示,曲线下面积(Area under curve,AUC)分别为0.988、0.959,95%CI分别为(0.981~0.988)、(0.940~0.959),校准曲线与决策曲线贴合良好。结论本研究构建的列线图模型具有良好的预测效果,可量化NAFLD患者低自我管理的风险,有利于护理人员早期准确识别高危患者并制定针对性的护理干预策略。
