pH-responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticles employed in controlled drug delivery systems for cancer treatment

In the fight against cancer, controlled drug delivery systems have emerged to enhance the therapeutic efficacy and safety of anti-cancer drugs. Among these systems, mesoporous silica nanoparticles （MSNs） with a functional surface possess obvious advantages and were thus rapidly developed for cancer treatment. Many stimuli-responsive materials, such as nanopartides, polymers, and inorganic materials, have been applied as caps and gatekeepers to control drug release from MSNs. This review presents an overview of the recent progress in the production of pH-responsive MSNs based on the pH gradient between normal tissues and the tumor microenvironment. Four main categories of gatekeepers can respond to acidic conditions. These categories will be described in detail.

BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS WITH A PHOSPHORYL-CONTAINING BACKBONE:TISSUE ENGINEERING AND CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY APPLICATIONS

This review provides a glimpse of the potential of the biodegradable phos-phoryl-containing polymers in medical applications. Undoubtedly these polymerspossess unique properties that are yet to be fully understood. Many areas warrantfurther investigation and much optimization remains to be done. The fascinatingchemistry of phosphorus poses interesting hurdles but at the same time leavesample room for polymer scientists to exercise their creativity in designinginteresting biomaterials. As the mutual understanding between basic and clinicalscientists on the need of medical devices and the capabilities of these newbiomaterials expands, imaginative application of new biomaterials to other medi-cal applications can be expected.

Electrospun nanofiber-based drug delivery systems

Electrospinning is a very simple and versatile process by which polymer nanofibers with di-ameters ranging from a few nanometers to sev-eral micrometers can be produced using an electrostatically driven jet of polymer solution or polymer melt. Significant progress has been made in this process throughout the past few years and electrospinning has advanced its ap-plications in many fields, including pharmaceu-tics. Electrospun nanofibers show great prom-ise for developing many types of novel drug delivery systems (DDS) due to their special characteristics and the simple but useful and effective top-down fabricating process. The current state of electrospun nanofiber-based DDS is focused on drug-loaded nanofiber preparation from pharmaceutical and biode-gradable polymers and different types of DDS. However, there are more opportunities to be exploited from the electrospinning process and the corresponding drug-loaded nanofibers for drug delivery. Additionally, some other related challenges and the possible resolutions are outlined in this review.

Synthesis of the Core-Shell Structure Materials as the Controlled-Release Drug Carrier

We have developed a controlled-release drug carrier. Smartly controlled-release polymer nanoparticles were firstly synthesized through RAFT polymerization as the controlled-release core. The structural and particle properties of polymer nanoparticles were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Mesoporous materials were selected as the shell materials to encapsulate the smart core as the stable shell. The mesoporous shell was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). All the results showed that a well-defined core-shell structure with mesoporous structure was obtained, and this controllable delivery system will have the great potential in nanomedicine.

Studies on the in Vitro Dissolution of Insoluble Volatile Drug from Su-Anxin Nasal Inhalant and Its Correlation on the Nose Steady Self-Controllable Expiration and Inspiration at Night

In the paper, the in vitro dissolution of borneol in 12 hours from 6 batches of optimized inhalant samples were investigated. As a new dosage form, the in vitro release apparatus of nasal inhalant was invented and a pushing bump was used according to the simulation of the nose expiration and inspiration. Based on the data of r2 in the profile and similar factor f2 from 6 linear release tendencies, a good controlled release and a zero order tendency were observed. It can be suggested that there is a good correlation between the in vitro controlled release and the nose steady self-controllable expiration and inspiration, which will contribute to the trend of insoluble volatile drug controlled release and the effect of quick absorption in nasal pulmonary delivery to cure severe or acute cardiovascular or lung diseases at patients' sleeping, such as angina or breathing obstruction. Also, it was concluded that the prescription composed of insoluble volatile drugs can be prepared to be nasal inhalant from which drugs can be absorbed through nose steady self-controllable inspiration to the lung then into the blood and have a great effectiveness improvement of bioavailability at night timing drug delivery system.

基于天然多糖的刺激响应型药物控释系统研究进展

刺激响应型药物控释系统一般以天然多糖生物大分子或其衍生物作为载体,通过化学结合或物理吸附等方式负载药物分子。具有刺激响应功能的天然多糖生物大分子或其衍生物能够感知其所处环境的变化,并由于其物理或化学性质的变化而做出应激响应,因此可在不同环境或条件的刺激下,通过药物与载体之间化学键断裂或载体自身降解等方式将药物从载体中释放,从而实现药物的控制释放。结合课题组的研究工作,介绍了常用的刺激方式,包括单一刺激和多重刺激、外源性刺激和内源性刺激,为开发新型刺激响应型药物控释系统提供了思路。

药食同源理论及其在航天营养健康研究中的应用

载人航天飞行中面临的重力场变化、辐射、狭小空间孤闭隔离、噪声及生物节律变化等航天特因环境给维持航天员机体营养健康带来了挑战。根据载人航天实践,综述了航天特因环境下机体适应性变化,阐述了药食同源在航天营养健康保障中的应用预先研究现状,分析并提出了药食同源在支持未来载人深空探测方面的潜在应用价值。

西藏自治区人民医院实施国家重点监控药品干预成效分析

目的:评价西藏自治区人民医院对重点监控药品进行重点干预的成效,为优化重点监控药品干预策略、促进临床合理用药提供参考。方法:西藏自治区人民医院于2020年制订《西藏自治区人民医院重点监控药品管理规定》,建立《西藏自治区人民医院重点监控药品目录》,同时开展重点监控药品处方及医嘱专项点评、采取点评结果公示及绩效考核挂钩等目标性干预措施,对比西藏自治区人民医院2019年4月-2020年3月(干预前)与2020年4月-2021年3月(干预后第一年)及2021年4月-2022年3月(干预后第二年)重点监控药品临床使用数据变化,评价重点干预措施对该类药品的管理成效及临床使用的影响。结果:该院干预后第一年及第二年的重点监控药品销售金额分别为1427.01万元、1388.12万元,低于干预前的2004.29万元;干预后重点监控药品销售金额占药品总销售金额比例分别为8.33%、7.47%,低于干预前的10.11%。重点监控药品各品种的DDC普遍较高,患者的经济负担较重。结论:西藏自治区人民医院重点监控药品的干预取得了一定成效,但医院应在此基础上采取有力措施,提高重点监控药品合理使用,进一步减轻患者经济负担。

PCL/ASA药物控释系统结构拓扑优化及瞬态释药性能

以聚己内酯(PCL)为载体材料,阿司匹林(ASA)为待释放药物,提出一种PCL/ASA药物控释系统,以实现医工结合背景下药物控释系统的个性化定制及释药量的参数化调节。首先,基于菲克扩散定律建立了PCL/ASA药物控释系统的释药模型,以设计域平均浓度与目标浓度之差的最小值作为优化目标,采用拓扑优化方法对PCL/ASA药物控释系统的结构进行拓扑优化设计。其次,对所获得的拓扑优化结构进行几何重构,得到清晰的流道结构,并研究了不同药物储库形状和流道结构对瞬态释药性能的影响。最后,制备PCL/ASA药物控释系统并进行体外药物释放实验,验证了优化方法和模型的合理性。结果表明,几何重构方法可以很好地保留拓扑优化的流道结构,具备较高的可靠性。拓扑优化方法所获得的流道结构展现出较好的药物控释性能,药物释放趋势趋于零级释放。基于拓扑优化设计的PCL/ASA药物控释系统可以在35.03~43.86 mol/m3范围内实现ASA浓度的参数化调节,呈现出较好的释药量调节能力。该研究为医工结合背景下优化药物控释系统结构、实现按需给药提供了一种新的手段。

Edaravone-loaded poly(amino acid) nanogel inhibits ferroptosis for neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia injury

Neurological injury caused by ischemic stroke is a major cause of permanent disability and death. The currently available neuroprotective drugs fail to achieve desired therapeutic efficacy mainly due to short circulation half-life and poor blood−brain barrier (BBB) permeability. For that, an edaravone-loaded pH/glutathione (pH/GSH) dual-responsive poly(amino acid) nanogel (NG/EDA) was developed to improve the neuroprotection of EDA. The nanogel was triggered by acidic and EDA-induced high-level GSH microenvironments, which enabled the selective and sustained release of EDA at the site of ischemic injury. NG/EDA exhibited a uniform sub-spherical morphology with a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 112.3 ± 8.2 nm. NG/EDA efficiently accumulated at the cerebral ischemic injury site of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) mice, showing an efficient BBB crossing feature. Notably, NG/EDA with 50 µM EDA significantly increased neuron survival (29.3%) following oxygen and glucose deprivation by inhibiting ferroptosis. In addition, administering NG/EDA for 7 d significantly reduced infarct volume to 22.2% ± 7.2% and decreased neurobehavioral scores from 9.0 ± 0.6 to 2.0 ± 0.8. Such a pH/GSH dual-responsive nanoplatform might provide a unique and promising modality for neuroprotection in ischemic stroke and other central nervous system diseases.

北京市麻醉科电子病历信息化及药品管理智能化系统建设现状分析

目的探究北京市麻醉科电子病历信息化及药品管理智能化系统的建设现状。方法选取2021年1~12月北京市辖区内109家二级及以上医院上报的质控数据进行分析,对麻醉科电子病历信息化及药品管理智能化系统相关的质控指标实行动态管理,探讨其在临床麻醉及质控管理中的应用现状。结果截至2021年12月,64家医院(58.7%)启用麻醉科电子记录系统,63家(57.8%)医院启用电子化麻醉记录单,45家(41.3%)医院启用电子化术前访视记录单,49家(45.0%)医院启用电子化术后随访记录单,32家(29.4%)医院启用电子化麻醉恢复室记录单,23家(21.1%)医院配备智能药柜,68家(62.4%)医院配备彩色药品标签。朝阳区、海淀区、东城区、西城区麻醉科电子病历信息化医院数量较多,顺义区、门头沟区、通州区、平谷区上报的医院中只有1~2家医院启用麻醉信息管理系统,麻醉科电子病历信息化程度较低,怀柔区、密云区上报的医院中尚未启用麻醉信息管理系统。结论北京市部分区域麻醉电子病历信息化及药品管理智能化仍偏低、麻醉信息化建设滞后,需进一步加强麻醉质控管理标准化和医疗服务同质化建设。

口服液体缓控释制剂技术的研究进展

目的针对各类口服液体缓控释技术的释药机理、应用特点及局限性进行综述,为此类制剂的开发提供参考。方法查阅国内外相关文献,对口服液体缓控释技术进行整理归纳。结果目前已有基于离子交换树脂和微囊技术的口服液体缓控释制剂上市,此外,微球、固体脂质纳米粒、原位凝胶等技术也应用于口服液体缓控释制剂领域。结论口服液体缓控释给药系统相比于传统固体缓控释制剂,因其口服可接受性良好,剂量调整灵活,给药依从性优势明显,具有良好的开发应用前景。

我国药品追溯码编码制度研究探讨

目的 为保障用药安全,提升药品安全治理水平,促进完善我国药品追溯码编码制度,助力实现药品供应链全程有效追溯。方法 通过检索、分析并研究国内外药品追溯码编码制度的立法规范与相关文献,阐述我国药品追溯码编码制度从雏形到确立的过程以及制约因素;参考美国、欧盟和加拿大药品追溯码编码制度的建设经验,提出促进完善我国药品追溯码编码制度的建议。结果与结论 立足于我国立法环境与监管实际,适当借鉴国外制度有益经验,探索改进药品追溯码编码模式、确立统一标准药品追溯码以及明确编码主体的法律责任是完善我国药品追溯码编码制度的可靠路径,有助于实现药品安全领域的风险管控与有效监管,推动药品安全管理工作科学化、规范化、法治化,进一步维护药品安全,保障公众健康。

基于时间分数阶扩散方程的药物控释初始浓度优化

药物控释系统是指通过调控内部某些设计参数,以达到特定药物释放目标的一种可控释体系。针对基于时间分数阶扩散方程的药物控释体系初始浓度优化问题,采用B样条小波方法求解正问题,采用结合了小生境策略和布谷鸟搜索算法的小生境布谷鸟算法优化不同分数阶下的药物初始浓度,从而近似达到三种预期药物释放目标。对于正问题求解,主要结合Caputo导数和三次B样条尺度函数,建立了一种B样条小波方法的迭代求解格式;对于初始浓度优化问题,引入了反问题研究思路,将药物控释体系的优化设计问题归结为基于分数阶扩散方程的参数辨识问题。为了实现参数反演控制,引入了小生境布谷鸟智能优化算法,反演计算控释体系中的初始浓度,有效地解决了布谷鸟算法易陷入局部极值的问题。针对恒速释放,线性降低释放和非线性释放三种释放目标,给出了最优控制参数设计,数值算例验证了所提方法的有效性。

聚乙烯亚胺修饰化二硫化钼光控纳米粒在阿替洛尔经皮递药中的应用

目的:以阿替洛尔作为模型药物,旨在开发一种基于聚乙烯亚胺修饰的二硫化钼纳米粒(polyethyleneimine-modified Mo S2nanoparticles,PEI-Mo S2NPs)的近红外激光控释的经皮递药系统(transdermal drug delivery system,TDDS)。方法:通过一步水热合成法制备3D花瓣状结构的PEI-Mo S2NPs,并通过衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射分析、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对其进行结构表征。通过体外药物释放实验和体外透皮实验研究PEI-Mo S2NPs的控释能力。结果:PEI-Mo S2NPs具有良好的药物负载效率(53.86%)和较高的光热转换能力。近红外激光刺激使阿替洛尔的释放增加了1.56倍。结论:近红外激光可用于控制PEI-Mo S2NPs中药物的释放,促进药物的经皮渗透。

药品检验的质量控制及对策研究

文章对药品检验质量控制进行了综合分析和研究,首先从药品检验的重要性和目的出发,阐述了药品检验对患者用药安全和医药行业发展的重要性,然后介绍了目前常用的药品检验方法及其特点,包括物理性检验、化学性检验、生物学检验和仪器分析,分析了药品检验过程中存在的质量控制问题和现行质量控制方法的局限性。在对策研究部分,提出了检验方法的优化与改进、质量控制体系的建立与完善以及药品检验数据的分析与利用等对策,最后提出了对药品检验质量的思考和建议。

胰腺癌性疼痛介入治疗的研究进展

胰腺癌是一种具有高度侵袭性的肿瘤,嗜神经生长是胰腺癌的重要生物学特点,其对神经的侵犯给患者带来极大的疼痛负担,严重影响患者生存质量和生存意志。世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)癌痛“三阶梯镇痛原则”是传统治疗癌性疼痛的治疗方案,但由于其毒副作用明显、疗效差、易成瘾、易耐药以及医师临床用药不规范等因素,无法满足患者病情需要。近年来,随着介人技术的发展以及广泛的临床试验的开展,介入作为癌痛管理的“第四阶梯”,其治疗手段以及各种影像引导方式的发展与应用,如神经毁损术、^(125)I粒子植入术、患者自控镇痛泵技术、鞘内药物输注系统植入术等,临床疗效得到了有力证明,为癌痛患者提供了方便、安全、有效的治疗方式。

基于质量控制的临床试验经费核算管理系统构建与应用

为提高药物临床试验研究质量和经费核算效率与准确性,我院在医院信息系统(HIS)架构上构建了基于质量监控的临床试验经费核算管理系统。该系统将临床试验开展的各个环节有效融合,规范临床试验流程,构建科学合理的临床试验质量管理体系和经费核算管理体系,实现项目费用分级预警与控制。实践证明,该系统规范了项目实施过程,提升了临床试验数据质量,提高了经费核算的准确率和工作效率,保障了项目正常开展。

基于广东省药物警戒与风险管控系统对抗肿瘤药物不良反应分析研究

目的对抗肿瘤药物不良反应报告的总体情况、特点和规律进行分析,研究其不良反应发生影响因素。方法通过广东省药物警戒与风险管控系统收集统计2020年~2021年江门市抗肿瘤药物不良反应并开展回顾性分析。结果2020年和2021年抗肿瘤药物的严重ADR报告约占全市严重ADR报告40%。相比起传统抗肿瘤药物发生不良反应的女性比例高于男性,新型抗肿瘤药物的不良反应发生男女比例更加均衡。传统抗肿瘤药物和新型抗肿瘤药物在2020年和2021年ADR报告中给药途径的前3位均一致,主要为静脉给药方式。传统抗肿瘤药物例次排名前3位分别是紫杉醇、多西他赛和奥沙利铂,新型抗肿瘤药物例次排名前3位分别是注射用曲妥珠单抗、信迪利单抗注射液和贝伐珠单抗注射液。结论应不断加强抗肿瘤药物不良反应监测工作的开展,关注易发生ADR群体,可采用药学监护措施等,减少ADR的发生,对出现的ADR应尽早采取有效的措施,提高患者的用药安全性。

Biointerface engineering nanoplatforms for cancer-targeted drug delivery

Over the past decade,nanoparticle-based therapeutic modalities have become promising strategies in cancer therapy.Selective delivery of anticancer drugs to the lesion sites is critical for elimination of the tumor and an improved prognosis.Innovative design and advanced biointerface engineering have promoted the development of various nanocarriers for optimized drug delivery.Keeping in mind the biological framework of the tumormicroenvironment,biomembrane-camouflaged nanoplatforms have been a research focus,reflecting their superiority in cancer targeting.In this review,we summarize the development of various biomimetic cell membrane-camouflaged nanoplatforms for cancertargeted drug delivery,which are classified according to the membranes fromdifferent cells.The challenges and opportunities of the advanced biointerface engineering drug delivery nanosystems in cancer therapy are discussed.