Hepatitis B Surface Antigen and Hepatitis C Virus Antibodies among Drug Users in Burkina Faso

Introduction: The epidemiology of both hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among drug users (DUs) is little known in West Africa. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses among drug users in Burkina Faso. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional biological and behavioral survey conducted between June and August 2022, among drug users in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso, the two main cities of Burkina Faso. A respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used to recruit drug users. Hepatitis B surface antigen was determined using lateral flow rapid test kits and antibodies to hepatitis C virus in serum determined using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Data were entered and analyzed using Stata 17 software. Weighted binary logistic regression was used to identify the associated factors of hepatitis B and C infections and a p-value Results: A total of 323 drug users were recruited with 97.5% males. The mean age was 32.7 years old. The inhaled or smoked mode was the most used by drug users. The adjusted hepatitis B and hepatitis C prevalence among study participants were 11.1% and 2.3% respectively. The marital status (p = 0.001), and the nationality (p = 0.011) were significantly associated with hepatitis B infection. The type of drug used was not significantly associated with hepatitis B infection or hepatitis C infection. Conclusion: The prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies among DUs are comparable to those reported in the general population in Burkina Faso. This result suggests that the main routes of contamination by HBV and HCV among DUs are similar to those in the population, and could be explained by the low use of the injectable route by DUs in Burkina Faso.

Epidemiology of Hepatitis B,C,D and G Viruses and Cytokine Levels among Intravenous Drug Users

To investigate the features of various hepatitis virus infection in intravenous drug users （IVDU）, we conducted an epidemiological survey of hepatitis viruses including hepatitis B virus （HBV）, hepatitis C virus （HCV）, hepatitis D virus （HDV） and hepatitis G virus （HGV） in IVDU. The correlation of Tn lymphocyte cytokine and hepatitis virus infection was examined. A. study population of 406 IVDU consisted of 383 males and 23 females. HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA were detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBc, anti-HCV, HDV-Ag and anti-HGV were assayed by ELISA. The levels of cytokines of TH1 and TH2 were measured by ELISA. The similar indices taken from 102 healthy persons served as controls. The infection rate of each virus among IVDU was 36.45% for HBV, 69. 7 % for HCV, 2.22 % for HDV, and 1.97 % for HGV, respectively. The co-infection rate of HBV and HCV was detected in 113 of 406 （27. 83 %）. In contrast, among controls, the infection rate was 17.65% for HBV and 0% for the other hepatitis viruses. The levels of PHA-induced cytokines （IFN-γ and IL-4） and the level of serum IL-2 were obviously decreased in IVDU. On the other hand, the level of serum IL-4 was increased. The IFN-γ level was continuously decreased when the IVDU was infected with HBV/HCV. In conclusion, HBV and HCV infection were common in this population of IVDU and they had led to a high incidence of impaired TH 1 cytokine levels.

Prevalence of hepatitis C infection among intravenous drug users in Shanghai

AIM:To characterize the prevalence of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection among Chinese intravenous drug users(IDUs).METHODS:A total of 432 adult IDUs(95 women and337 men)in Shanghai were included in the study.The third-generation Elecsys Anti-HCV assay(Roche Diagnostics GmbH,Sandhofer Strasse 116,D-68305,Mannheim,Germany)was used to screen for antibodies against HCV.The RIBA strip,a supplemental antiHCV test with high specificity,was performed on all of the samples that tested positive during the initial screening.All of the anti-HCV positive samples were analyzed with a Cobas TaqMan 48 Analyzer(Roche Diagnostics)for direct detection of HCV RNA.All of the HCV RNA-positive samples were sequenced for genotype determination.RESULTS:The preliminary screening identified 262(60.6%)subjects who were seropositive for HCV.Of the 62 females and 200 males seropositive subjects,16(16.7%)and 65(19.3%),respectively,were confirmed by RIBA,yielding an overall HCV seropositive rate of18.8%.Four female(6.5%)and 14 male(7.0%)subjects tested positive for HCV RNA,indicating an active infection rate of 4.2%for the entire study population.The 18 HCV RNA-positive serum samples were genotyped.Seven individuals were genotype 1b,and four were genotype 1a.One individual each was infected with genotypes 2a,2b and 3a.Four subjects were coinfected with multiple strains:two with genotypes 1a and 2a,and two with genotypes 1b and 2a.The active infection rate among HCV-seropositive individuals was22.2%,which was significantly lower than most estimates.CONCLUSION:The prevalence of HCV is relatively low among IDUs in Shanghai,with a spontaneous recovery rate much higher than previous estimates.

Effects of drug relief hospital-based AIDS educational methods on drug users

The objective of this study is to explore a potentially effective training method for the hospital professionals to educate drug users and to enhance their knowledge of HIV infection. One hundred and sixty one subjects, who came from 13 different provinces and were admitted in a drug relief hospital in Beijing, were recruited for this study. The average age of these subjects was 35.21±6.24 year old. The average numbers of years for drug addiction were 7 years, and the average numbers of drug relief treatment received in the past was 5.5 times. The level of AIDS knowledge of these subjects, including pathogenic factors, source of infection, route of transmission and preventive measures, were evaluated before and after receiving the AIDS educational training to these drug users. Our results showed that there was a statistically significant increase (P<0.01) in the knowledge of HIV infection and prevention among these subjects. Positive attitude and behavioral tendencies toward HIV prevention were also improved. Therefore, it is imperative for the medical professionals to incorporate AIDS education into drug relief treatment to achieve the maximum effect on the knowledge of AIDS and improvement of positive attitudes and behaviors toward HIV prevention among drug users.

Study on the blood-borne virus co-infection and T lymphocyte subset among intravenous drug users

AIM: To investigate the features of various blood- borne virus infections and co-infection in intravenous drug users (IDUs), and to examine the correlation of T lymphocyte subsets with virus co-infection. METHODS: Four hundred and six IDUs without any clinical manifestation of hepatitis and 102 healthy persons were enrolled in this study. HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBc, anti-HCV, HDV-Ag, anti-HGV, anti-HIV, and HCMV-IgM were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunochromatographic tests. The levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines were measured by ELISA and radioactive immune assay (RIA). The T lymphocyte subpopulation was detected by using fluorescence immunoassay. The similar indices taken from the healthy persons served as controls. RESULTS: The viral infection rate among IDUs was 36.45% for HBV, 69.7% for HCV, 47.3% for HIV, 2.22% for HDV, 1.97% for HGV, and 3.45% for HCMV. The co- infection rate of blood-borne virus was detected in 255 of 406 (62.81%) IDUs. More than 80% (161/192) of subjects infected with HIV were co-infected with the other viruses, such as HBV, HCV. In contrast, among the controls, the infection rate was 17.65% for HBV and 0% for the other viruses. Our investigation showed that there was a profound decrease in the proportion of CD4/CD8 and the percentage of CD3 and CD4, but not in the percentage of CD8. The levels of PHA-induced cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-4) and serum IL-2 were obviously decreased in IDUs. On the other hand, the level ofserum IL-4 was increased. The level of IFN-γ and the percentage of CD4 were continuously decreased when the IDUs were infected with HIV or HIV co-infection. IDUs with HIV and HBV co-infection was 15.1% (29/192). Of those 29 IDU with HIV and HBV co-infection, 51.72% (15/29) and 37.93% (11/29) were HBV-DNA-positive and HBeAg-positive, respectively. But, among IDUs without HIV infection, only 1.68% (2/119) of cases were HBV- DNA-positive. CONCLUSION: HCV, HBV and HIV infections are common in this population of IDU, leading to a high incidence of impaired Th1 cytokine levels and CD4 lymphocyte. IDUs with HIV and HBV/HCV co-infection have lower expression of Th1 cytokine with enhancement of the Th2 response. HIV may be causing HBV replication by decreasing Th1 function.

Hepatitis C in injection drug users: It is time to treat

Injection drug users(IDUs)are at risk of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection,due to needle and syringe sharing.Chronic HCV infection is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality but can be cured with antiviral treatment leading to sustained viral response(SVR).It is well demonstrated that,when close cooperation between specialists in drug addiction and psychiatrists is assured,patients on maintenance treatment with methadone/buprenorphine can be treated for HCV with response rate,tolerability and side effects similar to those reported in non-IDUs.Current guidelines recommend that active injection drug use should not exclude patients from HCV treatment,but many services remain reluctant to treat IDUs.No significant pharmacodynamic interactions were reported between approved direct anti-viral agents(DAAs)and buprenorphine or methadone.Dose adjustments are not recommended;therefore DAAs appear to be the"perfect"therapy for patients taking opiate substitutive therapy.These suggestions have been recently recognized by the European Association for the Study of the Liver(EASL)and included in EASL Recommendations on Treatment of Hepatitis C 2016.Guidelines confirm that HCV treatment for IDUs should be considered on an individualized basis and delivered within a multidisciplinary team setting;a history of intravenous drug use and recent drug use at treatment initiation are not associated with reduced SVR and decisions to treat must be made on a case-by-case basis.

Exogenous Endophthalmitis Due to Illicit Drug Injection in an I.V. Drug User

Background: Drug abuse could cause complications;infection and overdose are the most prevalent of them. Unreliable history of addicted patients also makes the diagnosis difficult and leads to delayed treatment and poor prognosis. Early recognition and prompt treatment are required to minimize the destructive damage. To our knowledge, there is not any previous report of bilateral eye injection among drug abusers, causing traumatic endophthalmitis in the English literature and our report helps ophthalmologists to think about rare sources of endophthalmitis. Aim: The aim is to emphasize the importance of considering exogenous endophthalmitis in I.V. drug users who abuse drugs. Methods: A 40-year-old I.V. drug user man was referred complaining a history of the pain, redness and impaired vision of both eyes from three days ago. Perilimbal injection and anterior chamber cellular reaction were present in both eyes. Both corneas were hazy;corneal edema, abscess, sealed corneal lacerations and dull red reflex were visible in both eyes. Results: After an ultrasonography based on the suspicion of endophthalmitis, anterior chamber and vitreous aspiration and intravitreal injection of vancomycin 1 mg and ceftazidime 2.25 mg were performed. The right eye rapidly deteriorated and was eviscerated two days later and the left eye had a good response to medications. Conclusion: This report illustrates that the orbit can be a potential site of drug injection and endophthalmitis should be considered in individuals who abuse drugs.

Topological and Historical Considerations for Infectious Disease Transmission among Injecting Drug Users in Bushwick, Brooklyn (USA)

Recent interest by physicists in social networks and disease transmission factors has prompted debate over the topology of degree distributions in sexual networks. Social network researchers have been critical of “scale-free” Barabasi-Albert approaches, and largely rejected the preferential attachment, “rich-get-richer” assumptions that underlie that model. Instead, research on sexual networks has pointed to the importance of homophily and local sexual norms in dictating degree distributions, and thus disease transmission thresholds. Injecting Drug User (IDU) network topologies may differ from the emerging models of sexual networks, however. Degree distribution analysis of a Brooklyn, NY, IDU network indicates a different topology than the spanning tree configurations discussed for sexual networks, instead featuring comparatively short cycles and high concurrency. Our findings suggest that IDU networks do in some ways conform to a “scale-free” topology, and thus may represent “reservoirs” of potential infection despite seemingly low transmission thresholds.

Estimating the Size of an Injecting Drug User Population

This article describes a sampling and estimation scheme for estimating the size of an injecting drug user (IDU) population by combining classical sampling and respondent-driven sampling procedures. It is designed to use the information from harm reduction programs, especially, Needle Exchange Programs (NEPs). The approach involves using respondent-driven sampling design to collect a sample of injecting drug users who appear at site of NEP in a certain period of time and to obtain retrospective self-report data on the number of friends among the IDUs and number of needles exchanged for each sampled injecting drug user. A methodology is developed to estimate the size of injecting drug users who have ever used the NEP during the fixed period of time, and which allows us to estimate the proportion of injecting drug users in using NEP. The size of the IDU population is estimated by dividing the total number of IDUs who using NEPs during the period of time by the estimated proportion of IDUs in the group. The technique holds promise for providing data needed to answer questions such as “What is the size of an IDU population in a city?” and “Is that size changing?” and better understand the dynamics of the IDU population. The methodology described here can also be used to estimate size of other hard-to-reach population by using information from harm reduction programs.

Analysis of Detecting HIV-1 Antibody in Paired Urine and Serum Specimens from Drug Users by ELISA

Objective- To compare the consistency of the results from detecting HIV-1 antibody in the paired urine and serum specimens from drug users by ELISA. Methods: The paired urine and serum specimens from 273 drug users detained at a detoxification unit were collected, and the HIV-1 antibodies in the specimens of them were screened by urine and serum ELISA kits, respectively. Results: Of 273 serum specimens, 94 ones showed positive reaction and among 94 counterpart urine specimens, 93 ones also appeared positive reaction. Taking the results together,the consistent rate of HIV-1 antibody screened by urine and serum ELISA kits was 99.6%. Conclusion: The urine ELISA kit, which screened HIV-1 antibody of urine showing almost the same results tested by serum ELISA kit, is reliable. It is proposed that urine ELISA be introduced in many fields.

Actors of Psychoactive Drug Initiation among Adolescents in Yaoundé-Cameroon

Introduction: Actors of psychoactive drug initiation refer to those who introduce others to psychoactive drug use (initiators) and those who are introduced to psychoactive drugs (users). By identifying their features, better prevention and intervention programs can be developed to reduce psychoactive drug use among adolescents. This article describes the role of actors of psychoactive drug initiation among teenagers in secondary schools in Yaoundé (Cameroon). Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out in twelve secondary schools in Yaoundé from October 2022 to May 2023. Adolescents from Form four to upper sixth, who assented to participate in the study and received parental consent were included. Data were collected in a structured self-reported questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 23. Quantitative variables were expressed using means, standard deviations, median and interquartile ranges depending on the distribution of data. Qualitative variables were expressed in the form of frequency and percentages. Results: Drug use was more prevalent among male adolescents (55.3%) from nuclear families (91.4%) who received relatively high pocket money. The main sources of drug exposure were non-family members (49.7%), especially friends outside school. The most frequent place of initiation was snack bars (33.1%). Conclusion: The study revealed the importance of the family, friends and leisure places in the initiation process of drug use in teenagers. Based on these results, parents and school authorities should work together to create a safe and supportive environment that fosters communication, education to prevent drug abuse among adolescents in Yaoundé.

Geographical variations in risk factors associated with HIV infection among drug users in a prefecture in Southwest China

Background:Previous studies have shown inconsistent or even contradictory results for some risk factors associated with HIV infection among drug users,and these may be partially explained by geographical variations.Methods:Data were collected from 11 methadone clinics in the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture from 2004 to 2012.A non-spatial logistical regression model and a geographically weighted logistic regression model were fitted to analyze the association between HIV infection and specific factors at the individual level.Results:This study enrolled 6,458 patients.The prevalence of HIV infection was 25.1%.The non-spatial model indicated that being divorced was positively associated with HIV infection.The spatial model also showed that being divorced was positively associated with HIV infection,but only for 49.4%of individuals residing in some northern counties.The non-spatial model suggested that service sector work was negatively associated with HIV infection.However,the spatial model indicated that service work was associated with HIV infection,but only for 23.0%of patients living in some western counties.The non-spatial model did not show that being married was associated with HIV infection in our study field,but the spatial model indicated that being married was negatively associated with HIV infection for 12.0%of individuals living in some western counties.For other factors,the non-spatial and spatial models showed similar results.Conclusion:The spatial model may be useful for improving understanding of geographical heterogeneity in the relationship between HIV infection and individual factors.Spatial heterogeneity may be useful for tailoring intervention strategies for local regions,which can consequently result in a more efficient allocation of limited resources toward the control of HIV transmission.

Prevalence of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus among intravenous drug users： a systematic review and meta-analysis

Intravenous drug users(IDUs) have been demonstrated to be highly vulnerable to HIV/AIDS.Nevertheless, the prevalence of Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus(KSHV), an important co-infected agent with HIV, among this population remained obscure. We conducted a systematic review on the epidemiological features of KSHV among IDUs worldwide. Eligible studies were retrieved from 6 electronic databases(Pub Med, EMBASE, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI and Wanfang).We calculated the pooled prevalence and 95% confidence interval(CI) overall and among subgroups using either random-effects model or fixed-effects model depending on between-study heterogeneity. The potential publication bias was assessed by the Egger's test. A meta-regression analysis was performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Finally, twenty-two studies with a total sample of 7881 IDUs were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of KSHV was14.71%(95% CI 11.12%–19.46%) among IDUs. Specifically, KSHV prevalence was 10.86%(95% CI6.95%–16.96%) in HIV-negative IDUs, and 13.56%(95% CI 10.57%–17.38%) in HIV-positive IDUs.Moreover, prevalence among IDUs from the three continents involved in the current study was similar:16.10%(95%CI 7.73%–33.54%) in Asia; 14.22%(95%CI 8.96%–22.57%) in Europe and 14.06%(95%CI11.38%–17.37%) in America. Globally, IDUs are at higher risk of the KSHV infection when compared with the general population, regardless of geographical region or HIV-infection status.

Different types of drug abusers prefrontal cortex activation patterns and based on machine-learning classification

Drug addiction can cause abnormal brain activation changes,which are the root cause of drug craving and brain function errors.This study enrolled drug abusers to determine the effects of different drugs on brain activation.A functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)device was used for the research.This study was designed with an experimental paradigm that included the induction of resting and drug addiction cravings.We collected the fNIRS data of 30 drug users,including 10 who used heroin,10 who used Methamphetamine,and 10 who used mixed drugs.First,using Statistical Analysis,the study analyzed the activations of eight functional areas of the left and right hemispheres of the prefrontal cortex of drug addicts who respectively used heroin,Methamphetamine,and mixed drugs,including Left/Right-Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(L/R-DLPFC),Left/Right-Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex(L/R-VLPFC),Left/Right-Fronto-polar prefrontal cortex(L/R-FPC),and Left/Right Orbitofrontal Cortex(L/R-OFC).Second,referencing the degrees of activation of oxyhaemoglobin concentration(HbO2),the study made an analysis and got the specific activation patterns of each group of the addicts.Finally,after taking out data which are related to the addicts who recorded high degrees of activation among the three groups of addicts,and which had the same channel numbers,the paper classified the different drug abusers using the data as the input data for Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs).The average three-class accuracy is 67.13%.It is of great significance for the analysis of brain function errors and personalized rehabilitation.

戒毒服务型平台使用意愿影响因素及构建研究

自“智慧戒毒”概念提出以来,我国积极建设了许多戒毒服务型平台,为社会有寻求戒毒相关内容与线上服务人群提供了专业、便捷的途径,然而,当前这类平台普遍未深入用户视角设计平台功能。以技术接受模型为理论基础,构建戒毒服务型平台的使用意愿模型,再通过线上线下相结合的问卷调查方式,采用SPSS 21.0软件对311份有效问卷进行统计分析,将所得数据导入AMOS对模型进行测试,以了解用户对现有戒毒服务型平台的使用意愿及影响因素,从而推进我国戒毒康复平台的构建与发展。结果表明:感知有用性、感知易用性、交互体验和自我效能感对戒毒服务型平台使用意愿有正向显著影响。

Fulminant Hepatitis Associated with Chronic Consumption of 3,4-Methylenedioxy-Methamphetamine;Case Report

The amphetamine derivative 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), also called ecstasy, is a neurotoxin widely consumed among young people that has increased in recent years because it is a recreational drug, of which immediate effects are known such as a greater sensation of well-being, extroversion, increased sensory perception. However, its long-term effects have been described very little in the medical literature, including damage to the heart, central nervous system, kidney, etc. One of its little-known effects is hepatotoxicity, of which few cases are known associated with fulminant hepatitis, which is a rapidly deteriorating condition that is generally associated with a syndrome of multiple organ dysfunction and death. Therefore, it is very important to know this type of damage in the short and long term. The following case is of a 39-year-old man who came to our service due to jaundice syndrome and the only history of MDMA consumption, who as the days went by met the criteria for fulminant liver failure, with damage to multiple organs (organ dysfunction syndrome).

组织网络吸毒行为的类型化认定研究

组织网络吸毒行为认定的根本依据是法律规范,既往规范的历史沿革为审视条款的出台背景提供了参考依据,《全国法院毒品案件审判工作会议纪要》的应运而生为组织网络吸毒行为的类型化认定奠定了规范基础。组织网络吸毒行为的认定存在实践案例判法不一、组织行为界定不清、罪数关系认定不明等问题。在类型化认定的逻辑导向下,诱导型组织网络吸毒行为构成引诱、教唆他人吸毒罪;容留型组织网络吸毒行为在满足“场所”的私密性与可控性特征的情况下构成容留他人吸毒罪;非法利用信息网络罪的适用以目的行为构成犯罪或可归属于《刑法》分则规定的行为类型为前提。组织网络吸毒行为的罪数判定应当综合考量毒品犯罪与网络犯罪,并以“行为个数”和“牵连关系”为判断要点,在对比轻重罪的基础上合理适用处断规则。

面向老年用户的药品外包装信息可视化设计路径研究

目的实现向老年用户准确传达药品信息的目的,提高老年人安全、科学、规范用药的能力,满足老年人阅读药品信息时的功能需要及审美需求。增强视读体验,构建层次分析法(AHP)-逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)融合模型,对老年常用药品外包装信息可视化进行深入探讨。方法利用AHP法搭建老年用户需求层级模型,并采用几何平均法进行计算,得到各指标的权重,依据权重的排序结果构思方案。基于TOPSIS法对设计方案进行综合评价,得到最佳的设计方案。对设计方案进行深入优化,并完成设计方案的评估与验证。结果融合AHP-TOPSIS构建的适老化药品包装可视化设计模型,能够更准确地分析用户的实际需求和权重,规范设计方案流程。对最佳设计方案进行了优化和验证,确保最终设计结果能够有效提高老年用户对药品包装信息的阅读准确度和速度。结论使用AHP和TOPSIS组合模型,可避免因设计师个人主观因素及用户年龄差较大而忽略老年用户的实际需求,提升了设计方案的合理性。该方法可为同类适老化产品包装信息可视化设计提供参考。

面向大众人群的老年患者多重用药评价管理与咨询服务平台需求调研

背景为确保老年患者多重用药评价管理与咨询服务平台的设计和开发与实际需求紧密相连,本课题组既往面向医疗专业人员群体开展了老年多重用药管理评价与咨询平台需求的调研工作,但目前国内鲜有研究探索大众人群对老年人多重用药风险的认知程度,以及其对基于互联网医疗进行多重用药管理评价和咨询的需求现状。目的了解大众人群对老年多重用药管理评价与咨询平台的认知现状,以进一步探索老年患者多重用药评价管理与咨询服务平台的运行方式,为老年患者多重用药评价管理与咨询服务平台的改进与完善提供指导性意见。方法2021-09-29—10-09,面向大众人群采用网络问卷调查法,以中国移动和粉俱乐部微信公众号平台为调研渠道,对中国移动和粉俱乐部用户开展调研,向其发放针对老年患者多重用药评价管理与咨询服务平台的运行方式、各功能重要性等问题而自行设计的“面向大众人群的老年患者多重用药评价管理与咨询服务平台需求调研问卷”。采用主成分分析方法对各平台功能提取公因子,进一步采用Kaiser正态化最大方差法进行因子旋转,并对各因子得分均值进行排序,以此来解释各因子的相对重要性。结果本研究面向大众人群共采集有效调研问卷29502份,问卷有效回收率为94.89%。12项平台功能(患者依从性评价、处方适宜性评价、处方经济性评价、服药告知与提醒、服药注意事项、服药记录管理、潜在用药问题提醒、人工实时咨询、人工非实时咨询、自助查询、提醒服药、记录分析)的因子提取载荷平方和中前4个因子的累积方差解释率为76.791%;12项平台功能最终提取为4个因子,分别命名为提醒因子(F1)、评价因子(F2)、查询与记录因子(F3)和咨询因子(F4),4个因子得分均值由高到低排序依次为F2(因子得分均值为0.507)、F1(因子得分均值为0.457)、F3(因子得分均值为0.430)、F4(因子得分均值为0.253)。结论接近90.00%的大众人群认为患有多种常见病的老年人在用药方面存在风险,需要相关平台开展多重用药方面的辅助管理与咨询服务。大众人群视角下,提醒、评价、查询与记录、咨询是老年患者多重用药评价管理与咨询服务平台主要运行方式与核心功能。

面向医疗专业人员的老年患者多重用药评价管理与咨询服务平台需求调研

背景老年常见病患者多重用药情况普遍存在。医务工作者、患者及其家属对于老年患者多重用药的评价管理与咨询服务均有强烈需求,但是针对不同类别用户,如何科学、准确地进行依托互联网技术的管理服务和咨询功能的设计,并未得到充分研究。目的以开展面向改善老年人的不合理用药问题及减少老年患者的药物相关不良事件的互联网服务为新思路,面向医疗专业人员进行老年患者多重用药评价管理与咨询服务平台服务功能和方式的设计调研。方法2021-02-20—03-06,以国家重点研发计划“老年常见病多重用药风险管控”项目参与医疗机构的医疗专业人员为研究对象,并向其发放针对老年患者多重用药评价管理与咨询服务平台的必要性、平台运行方式和平台功能而自行设计的“面向医疗专业人员的老年患者多重用药评价管理与咨询服务平台需求调研问卷”。采用主成分分析方法对各平台功能提取公因子,进一步采用Kaiser正态化最大方差法进行因子旋转,并对各因子得分均值进行排序,以此来解释各因子的相对重要性。结果本研究面向医疗专业人员共采集有效调研问卷548份,问卷有效回收率为100.00%。8项平台功能(患者依从性评价、处方适宜性评价、处方经济性评价、服药告知与提醒、服药注意事项、服药记录管理、潜在用药问题提醒、药品不良反应记录与分析)的因子提取载荷平方和中前3个因子的累积方差解释率为77.036%;8项平台功能最终提取为3个因子,分别命名为提醒因子(F1)、评价因子(F2)、不良分析因子(F3),3个因子按因子得分均值由高到低排序依次为F1(因子得分均值为2.977)、F2(因子得分均值为0.118)、F3(因子得分均值为0.112)。结论从医疗专业人员角度来看,提醒、评价、不良分析为老年患者多重用药评价管理与咨询服务平台主要运行方式与核心功能,提醒相关功能是该平台最重要的功能。这将为确保该平台在以后的运行中能切实为我国老年常见病患者多重用药风险监测与管控体系的构建提供实质性帮助。