<i>In-Vitro</i>Inhibitory Effect of Methanol Extracts of Chinese Herbal Drugs on Supercoiling Activity of Bacterial DNA Gyrase

A large number of Chinese herbal drugs (CHDs) exhibit antibacterial activities both in vivo and in vitro, but until now little is known regarding their inhibitory mechanisms. Bacterial DNA gyrase is a proven target for antibacterial agents. Aim of this study was to investigate the in-vitro inhibitory effect of methanol extracts of CHDs against supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase. Fifteen CHDs were selected and extracted with methanol, respectively. Inhibitory effect of the extracts on DNA gyrase was tested using gel-based DNA supercoiling assay. Among fifteen CHDs tested, methanol extracts of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (S2), Taraxaci Herba (S7), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle (S8) demonstrated an obvious inhibitory effect against supercoiling activity of DNA gyrase, and the others were either less active or could not be determined with the present method. Moreover, it was likely that S7 and S8 inhibit gyrase in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, DNA supercoiling assay is a promising method to study the inhibitory activity of CHDs on bacterial DNA gyrase. Some CHDs do have gyrase-inhibitory activity as proposed. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the inhibition mechanism of these CHDs on supercoiling activity of gyrase.

Study on Effect of Chinese Herbal Medicine for Enhancing Therapeutic Efficacy on Refractory Drug Resistant Leukemia

The so-called multidrug resistance （MDR） of leukemic cells means the cross resistance of leukemic cells against multiple anti-tumor agents with different constitution and acting mechanism, which takes place simultaneous after resistance to a single contacted drug has been produced. Tumor cells with MDR would now show a low sensitivity to anti-tumor agents, making chemotherapy ineffective or of little effect. Moreover, MDR is one of the pathogenetic factors for inducing refractory leukemia.

Formula and Pharmacological Identification of Diarrhea Arresting and Dysentery Treating Dietary Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine for Livestock

This study was aimed to develop the Chinese herbal formula with dysentery arresting and antidiarrheal effect. [Method] The Chinese herbal for-mulation was used to carry out the clinical curative effect test and pharmacological test for il livestock. [Results] Curative effect test showed that the formula had good effect on abdominal pain, diarrhea and fecal changes of livestock, and the cure rate reached up to 92%. Pharmacological experiments showed that the formula had sig-nificant inhibitory effect on the gastrointestinal motility of the tested animals, and the diarrhea arresting and dysentery treating effect of the formula was also extremely significant. In addition, the formula was safe for tested animals, proving to be reli-able. [Conclusion] The formula has distinct curative effect on treating white scour of piglets, yel ow scour of piglets, livestock gastroenteritis and lienteric diarrhea, and it can also be used in veterinary clinic, as wel as be used as feed additive.

Recent advances in network pharmacology applications in Chinese herbal medicine

Network pharmacology is a new discipline based on the theory of systems biology and network analysis of biological systems to design the drugs.It comprehensively observes the intervention and influence of drugs on the disease network,and reveals the mystery of multi-molecular drugs synergistically acting on disease.These concepts reflect the ideas of multi-component,multi-target and system regulation,and have many similarities with the research ideas of traditional Chinese medicine,which focuses on syndrome differentiation and treatment,emphasizes the overall understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis.Network pharmacology can be used to predict and identify the target and active component of traditional herbal medicine,to clarify the mechanism of action,to scientifically explain the rules of the prescription,to explore the rules of real-world prescription,to discover new indications and new active compounds,and to study drug relocation,etc.The applications of network pharmacology in traditional herbal medicine were systematically summarized to demonstrate the significant value in these areas.

Deciphering suppressive effects of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule on COVID-19 and synergistic effects of its major botanical drug pairs

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in excess deaths worldwide.Conventional antiviral medicines have been used to relieve the symptoms,with limited therapeutic effect.In contrast,Lianhua Qingwen Capsule is reported to exert remarkable anti-COVID-19 effect.The current review aims to:1)uncover the main pharmacological actions of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule for managing COVID-19;2)verify the bioactive ingredients and pharmacological actions of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule by network analysis;3)investigate the compatibility effect of major botanical drug pairs in Lianhua Qingwen Capsule;and 4)clarify the clinical evidence and safety of the combined therapy of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule and conventional drugs.Numerous bioactive ingredients in Lianhu Qingwen,such as quercetin,naringenin,β-sitosterol,luteolin,and stigmasterol,were identified to target host cytokines,and to regulate the immune defence in response to COVID-19.Genes including androgen receptor(AR),myeloperoxidase(MPO),epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),insulin(INS),and aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AHR)were found to be significantly involved in the pharmacological actions of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule against COVID-19.Four botanical drug pairs in Lianhua Qingwen Capsule were shown to have synergistic effect for the treatment of COVID-19.Clinical studies demonstrated the medicinal effect of the combined use of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule and conventional drugs against COVID-19.In conclusion,the four main pharmacological mechanisms of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule for managing COVID-19 are revealed.Therapeutic effect has been noted against COVID-19 in Lianhua Qingwen Capsule.

Study on Antibacterial Effect of Single Chinese Herbs on Staphylococcus aureus

[Objectives] This study was conducted to determine in-vitro antibacterial effect of 58 Chinese herbs on Staphylococcus aureus,and screen single Chinese herbs with better in-vitro antibacterial effect for formulation of prescription. [Methods]Effective components in Chinese herbs were extracted with water,and inhibition zone diameters and minimal inhibitory concentrations of the 58 Chinese herbs against S. aureus were determined by agar plate punching method and micro two-fold method,respectively. [Results] Twenty two kinds of Chinese herbs including Terminalia chebula Retz.,Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge.,Prunella vulgaris L,Rheum palmatum L. and Mosla chinensis Maxim. had better antibacterial effect,among which T. chebula Retz.,A. asphodeloides Bunge.,P. vulgaris L,R. palmatum L. and C. sappan Linn showed the best antibacterial effect,with average inhibition zone over 20 mm and MIC lower than 15. 6 mg/ml.[Conclusions]Traditional Chinese herbs have certain antibacterial effect,and this study will provide important theoretical reference for clinical medication and development of prescription.

Network pharmacology approaches for research of Traditional Chinese Medicines

Pharmacodynamics material basis and effective mechanisms are the two main issues to decipher the mechnisms of action of Traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)for the treatment of diseases.TCMs,in“multi-component,multi-target,multi-pathway”paradigm,show satisfactory clinical results in complex diseases.New ideas and methods are urgently needed to explain the complex interactions between TCMs and diseases.Network pharmacology(NP)provides a novel paradigm to uncover and visualize the underlying interaction networks of TCMs against multifactorial diseases.The development and application of NP has promoted the safety,efficacy,and mechanism investigations of TCMs,which then reinforces the credibility and popularity of TCMs.The current organcentricity of medicine and the“one disease-one target-one drug”dogma obstruct the understanding of complex diseases and the development of effective drugs.Therefore,more attentions should be paid to shift from“phenotype and symptom”to“endotype and cause”in understanding and redefining current diseases.In the past two decades,with the advent of advanced and intelligent technologies(such as metabolomics,proteomics,transcriptomics,single-cell omics,and artificial intelligence),NP has been improved and deeply implemented,and presented its great value and potential as the next drug-discovery paradigm.NP is developed to cure causal mechanisms instead of treating symptoms.This review briefly summarizes the recent research progress on NP application in TCMs for efficacy research,mechanism elucidation,target prediction,safety evaluation,drug repurposing,and drug design.

基于网络药理学及分子对接技术探讨金匮肾气丸“异病同治”多囊卵巢综合征和甲状腺功能减退的作用机制

目的 以中医“异病同治”理论为依据,采用网络药理学与分子对接方法探究金匮肾气丸对多囊卵巢综合征和甲状腺功能减退的作用机制。方法 自2022年3—10月通过中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)检索获取金匮肾气丸活性成分及潜在靶点,利用DrugBank、GeneCards数据库获取疾病靶点,将两者取交集获取共有靶点,通过STRING11.5数据库构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络,使用Cytoscape 3.7.1构建金匮肾气丸“药物-疾病-靶点”网络,利用R语言对共有靶点进行富集分析,运用SYBYL-X 2.0软件进行分子对接。结果 筛选得到疾病与药物共有靶点65个,核心靶点主要涉及血管内皮生长因子A(VEGFA)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、胱天蛋白酶-3(CASP-3)、细胞肿瘤抗原p53(TP53)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)等,潜在靶点主要富集在AGE-RAGE信号通路、癌症的途径、PI3K-Akt信号通路、胰岛素抵抗、JAK-STAT信号通路等多条信号通路中。结论 金匮肾气丸中多种活性成分通过多靶点、多途径发挥抑制炎症反应及细胞凋亡、促进组织血管生成等作用,初步揭示了金匮肾气丸“异病同治”多囊卵巢综合征与甲状腺功能减退的潜在靶点与现代生物学机制,为深入研究开展实验及临床应用提供参考。

基于中医“肾-脑-骨”轴探讨女贞子及其活性成分的多脏器药理作用及潜在调控机制

女贞子作为一种传统的补益肝肾中药,在中医药临床应用中具有重要地位。随着现代科技的发展,对女贞子的药理学活性研究也日益深入。“肾-脑-骨”轴的概念源于“肾主骨,生髓,通于脑”的中医理论,女贞子的多脏器药理学活性与该理论内涵具有紧密的契合点。基于“肾-脑-骨”轴的理论基础,旨在探讨女贞子及其活性成分的多脏器药理学作用及潜在调控机制,以期为临床应用与药物开发提供理论依据。

新风胶囊对类风湿关节炎疗效机制的研究现状

新风胶囊(XFC)是一种用于治疗类风湿关节炎(RA)的中药复方制剂,临床研究已证实XFC对RA的治疗有其独特疗效。该文从药学研究、质量控制、药代动力学、药效学、毒理学、临床观察和机制等方面阐述XFC的研究概况,旨在加深对该药的认识,为研究人员和临床医生提供有价值的依据。

零陵香本草考证、化学成分、药理作用及其应用的研究进展

零陵香是我国传统中草药,来源于报春花科植物灵香草的带根全草,其主要化学成分包括挥发油、黄酮类、皂苷类、甾醇类、香豆素等,具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抑菌等药理作用。近现代临床上多以复方制剂形式出现,具有较高的药用价值及经济效益。从本草考证、化学成分、药理作用及现代开发与应用等方面对零陵香展开综述,为其进一步资源利用提供参考。

中药源手性药物研究进展与述评

手性化合物在自然界中广泛存在。许多天然药物分子均含有手性中心,且药物的药理活性与分子的手性结构密切相关。在已知的传统中药体系中,存在着大量的手性药物分子,这些药物分子被广泛应用于各类临床治疗诊断中。因此,研究手性分子在中药中的存在形式和作用机制,对于深入探索中药的药理、药效至关重要。以中药中的手性天然药物分子为研究对象,旨在阐述其手性结构、化学与生物合成方法、药理活性与手性的相关性,以及手性药物在临床应用中的重要进展,探讨中药源手性药物研发的前景。

红参的生物活性及综合利用研究概况

红参是人参的炮制品,具有大补元气、复脉固脱、益气摄血的功效。其主要生物活性成分为人参皂苷、多糖、挥发油等,具有抗癌、抗氧化、延缓衰老、抗中枢神经系统退行性病变、抗过敏、抗炎等多种药理作用。近年来国内外对红参及其残渣的综合利用展开了大量的研究。通过对红参的生物活性以及其产品和副产品的开发应用进行系统整理和综述,以期为红参及相关产品的开发提供参考。

In silico screening of Chinese herbal medicines with the potential to directly inhibit 2019 novel coronavirus

Objective: In this study we execute a rational screen to identify Chinese medical herbs that are commonly used in treating viral respiratory infections and also contain compounds that might directly inhibit 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV), an ongoing novel coronavirus that causes pneumonia.Methods: There were two main steps in the screening process. In the first step we conducted a literature search for natural compounds that had been biologically confirmed as against sever acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus or Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Resulting compounds were cross-checked for listing in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database.Compounds meeting both requirements were subjected to absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion(ADME) evaluation to verify that oral administration would be effective. Next, a docking analysis was used to test whether the compound had the potential for direct 2019-nCoV protein interaction.In the second step we searched Chinese herbal databases to identify plants containing the selected compounds. Plants containing 2 or more of the compounds identified in our screen were then checked against the catalogue for classic herbal usage. Finally, network pharmacology analysis was used to predict the general in vivo effects of each selected herb.Results: Of the natural compounds screened, 13 that exist in traditional Chinese medicines were also found to have potential anti-2019-nCoV activity. Further, 125 Chinese herbs were found to contain 2 or more of these 13 compounds. Of these 125 herbs, 26 are classically catalogued as treating viral respiratory infections. Network pharmacology analysis predicted that the general in vivo roles of these26 herbal plants were related to regulating viral infection, immune/inflammation reactions and hypoxia response.Conclusion: Chinese herbal treatments classically used for treating viral respiratory infection might contain direct anti-2019-nCoV compounds.

中药处方点评在中药饮片合理使用中的干预效果分析

目的 探讨中药处方点评在中药饮片合理使用中的干预效果。方法 选取中药处方点评实施前(2020年1~12月)中药处方2150张,实施后(2021年1~12月)中药处方2213张。比较中药处方点评实施前后不合理用药发生率及医患纠纷发生率。结果 中药处方点评实施前,用药禁忌占0.93%、大处方用药占1.30%、用法用量异常占0.79%、重复用药占0.84%、诊断与用药不符占1.67%、配伍禁忌占0.93%、处方脚注问题占0.47%,不合理用药发生率为6.93%;中药处方点评实施后,用药禁忌占0.23%、大处方用药占0.23%、用法用量异常占0.09%、重复用药占0.18%、诊断与用药不符占0.81%、配伍禁忌占0.14%、处方脚注问题占0.14%,不合理用药发生率为1.81%。中药处方点评实施后不合理用药发生率低于实施前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。中药处方点评实施后医患纠纷发生率为0.09%(2/2213),低于实施前的0.47%(10/2150),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 实施中药处方点评可规范处方管理,提高处方质量,促进合理用药。

Effect of Chinese herbs on immunoglobulin A nephropathy:a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE: The accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the main causes of renal fibrosis. Emerging evidence suggests that the metabolic enzyme of ECM is associated with renal fibrosis. In this study, we applied randomly controlled trial to check the curative effect of Chinese herbs on patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). METHODS: Twenty-six patients were randomly divided into group A (control group) treated with Western Medicine and group B (treatment group) treated with combination of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western Medicine. Blood and urine tests were done before treatment and after 8-week treatment. RESULTS: The levels of the main composition of ex- tracellular matrix (MC-ECM), the metabolic enzyme of ECM (ME-ECM) and some cytokines in group B decreased more obviously than those in group A after 8-week treatment. So did the level of 24-hour urine protein. However, Metal matrix protease (MMP)-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in group B increased more obviously than those in group A after 8-week treatment. No effects on the renal function were found in both groups. CONCLUSION: Our study provided important information on using the combination of TCM with Western Medicine to inhibit the progression of renal fibrosis in patients with IgAN.

基于小陷胸汤在心血管疾病中的相关研究特点论精简经典名方研究现状

小陷胸汤出自《伤寒论》,为医圣张仲景所创之方,由黄连、半夏、瓜蒌3味中药组成,具有清热化痰、宽胸散结的功效,临床研究中多以其合方或化裁方应用于多种心血管疾病。所谓精简经典名方,是指药味组成为4味及4味以下、虽药味精简却配伍精妙、临床应用广泛、疗效久经考验、对后世影响较大的方剂,小陷胸汤当归属此类。基于相关文献报道,从小陷胸汤在心血管疾病中的临床研究特点、小陷胸汤与心血管疾病相关的有效成分药理研究及小陷胸汤与心血管疾病相关的动物实验研究等方面对小陷胸汤相关研究进行概述;并以小陷胸汤研究特点为参照,总结精简经典名方研究中的共性问题,对其研究现状作相应见解论述,为今后精简经典名方深入研究提供参考。

清热活血方治疗动脉粥样硬化分子机制的网络药理学分析

目的 通过网络药理学的方法探究清热活血方治疗动脉粥样硬化的分子机制。方法 2020年12月至2021年2月,通过BAT-MAN数据库获取中药的活性成分及对应的靶点,从Genecards数据库搜集动脉粥样硬化的相关靶点。取交集获取清热活血方治疗动脉粥样硬化的靶点,通过string数据库检索靶点之间的相互作用关系,在Cytoscape 6.1构建的蛋白-蛋白网络中筛选出核心节点,依据核心靶点反向找出对应的成分。通过DAVID网站获取核心节点的通路富集分析结果,使用Auto Dock Vina进行分子对接验证结果可信性。结果 得到蛋白激酶B1(AKT1)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、载脂蛋白E1(APOE1)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)等核心靶点116个,对应丹参酮Ⅱ、丹参醌B、γ-谷甾醇、黄芩苷等活性成分107个,基因本体论(GO)分析的结果集中在平滑肌细胞增殖的积极调节、内皮细胞增殖的积极调节、炎症反应、一氧化氮合酶活性的积极调节、脂肪细胞分化的负调节、内皮细胞迁移的积极调节等方面,京都基因和基因组数据库(KEGG)的结果集中在TNF、PI3KAkt、MAPK、FoxO、VEGF等信号通路上。分子对接的结果提示50个对接结果中35个超过-5 kcal/mol提示结果可信度较高。结论 清热活血方通过抑制炎症反应及平滑肌增殖、调节脂质代谢减少泡沫细胞生成、促进一氧化氮生成保护内皮来治疗动脉粥样硬化。

中草药及其制剂在滩羊生产中的应用研究进展

我国中草药分布广泛、资源丰富,富含多种营养物质、免疫因子及生物活性成分,具有多种生物学功能、副作用小、不易产生耐药性等特点,在动物生产中具有广泛的应用前景。文章综述了中草药抑菌、促生长及抗氧化等药理作用,中草药添加剂的分类及其在滩羊生产中的应用研究进展,旨为中草药添加剂在滩羊生产中的应用开发提供参考。

藿香正气水的研究进展

藿香正气水是一种由十味中药组成的中药复方制剂,其组方来源于传统经典名方藿香正气散,化学成分复杂,具有抑菌、止痛、解痉等作用,临床上常用于对胃肠型感冒、腹泻、皮肤病、产后胀气等症状的治疗,有较好的疗效。现概述藿香正气水的处方组成、化学成分、药理作用和临床应用,旨在为其进一步的开发和质量标准的提升与完善提供一定的参考依据。