Short-Term Effect of Grazing Exclusion and Uncontrolled Grazing on Species Abundance, Dry Matter Yield and Nutritive Value in an Invaded Area by Euryops floribundus in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Grazing exclusion (GE) is the most effective rangeland restoration technique which facilitates species diversity and forage quality. This study aimed at assessing short-term impact of GE and continuously grazed rangeland on relative frequency, dry matter yield and nutritive value of dominant grasses in an area invaded by Euryops floribundus. A plot of 2.5 ha was measured and the boundaries demarcated using tape measure and steal pins, the plot was further divided into two subplots of 1ha each which were 5 m apart. One subplot was fenced and protected from grazing livestock, while one subplot was grazed continuously and not fenced. Three parallel belt transects of 100 m × 2 m with 3 m apart were laid out in both subplots. Woody plants occurring within the transects were identified and recorded to determine density. In each subplot, a 0.25 m2 quadrant measuring was thrown randomly to take detailed records on plant species, relative frequency of species and herbage biomass. Four dominant species at the two sites were harvested to determine the nutritive value. Results indicate that grazing exclusion (GE) facilitates grass species diversity, subsequently sixteen and thirteen grasses species were recorded in the GE and uncontrolled grazed (UG) sites, respectively. Eragrostis chloromelas (21.7%), and Themeda triandra (13.2%) had high relative frequencies in the GE site. Highest biomass production was recorded in the GE site (1400 kg·ha-1) compared to UG site (1102 kg·ha-1). Crude protein content was relatively lower at UG site (5.4% - 5.8%) as compared to GE site (7.2% - 7.8%). It was concluded that, GE showed a positive impact on a relative frequency (%), dry matter yield and crude protein content. UG creates a conducive environment for Euryops recruitment. Further studies are required to examine the impact of GE in long-term trial setup.

Effects of Cutting Interval between Harvests on Dry Matter Yield and Nutritive Value in Alfalfa

Understanding the relationship between dry matter yield and nutritive value throughout the growing season will help optimize the cutting intervals between harvests in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The Ogallala Aquifer is a very important water source when growing alfalfa in Southwest Kansas and unfortunately, the water level of the Ogallala Aquifer is shrinking. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum cutting interval that optimizes dry matter yield and nutritive values of alfalfa. Alfalfa was harvested with different cutting intervals, i.e., every 28, 35, 42 and 49 day, which was equivalent of 5, 4, 4, and 3 cuttings per year, respectively in 2013 and 2014. Based on 2-yr total yield, by delaying alfalfa harvest by 21 days, i.e., from every 28th day to 49th day, alfalfa yield increased by 2.25 Mg/ha whereas by 5.58 Mg/ha by delaying cutting intervals from every 28th day to 42nd day. Although harvesting alfalfa every 42nd day had the same cutting frequency as the 35th day treatment (i.e., 4 cuttings per year), the treatment harvesting every 42nd day had significantly higher alfalfa yield than 35th day cutting interval. Alfalfa yield increased by approximately 20% by delaying one week for harvesting alfalfa from 35th to 42nd day interval, based on dry matter yields of 2013 and 2014. As cutting interval increased from every 28th to 49th day, crude protein (CP) content decreased. In contrast to CP, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber increased as the cutting interval and stage of maturity increased in 2013 and 2014. The results suggest that alfalfa producers in Southwest Kansas possibly could reduce the cutting frequency from 5 to 4 per year. Cutting interval of every 42nd day between harvests appears to be the optimum when considered a dry matter yield and nutritive values in alfalfa.

Comparative Effects of Cocoa Pod Husk and Oil Palm Bunch Ash on Nutrient Uptake, Growth and Dry Matter Yield of Cocoa (The-obroma cacao) in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria

The high premium placed on the organically produced cocoa in the international market coupled with its health and environmental benefits necessitated recent focus on research into the use of agricultural wastes as source of nutrients in cocoa (T. cacao) production. The study was carried out at the Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN), Ibadan (Lat. 7&deg25'N Long. 3&deg25'E), South-western, Nigeria during the 2010/2011 seedling production season to compare the effects of NPK (20:10:10) fertilizer, Cocoa Pod Husk and Oil Palm Bunch Ash (CPHA and OPA) on the seedling growth and dry matter yield of cocoa (T. cacao). Equivalent amount of different rates of two nutrients sources CPHA and OPA were applied one month after planting at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 t/ha respectively, recommended rate of 10 kg·N of the conventional NPK (20:10:10). Fertilizer was used as reference fertilizer. Results indicated that all the fertilizer materials positively and significantly (p > 0.05) increased the growth parameters considered. The influence of the ash materials irrespective of sources on the nutrient uptake, dry matter yield of cocoa seedlings and shoot to root ratio were either higher than or had a comparable results with the reference fertilizer (NPK 20:10:10). CPHA and OPA applied at a rate of 4 t/ha significantly (p > 0.05) increased the plant height and root length of cocoa seedlings respectively relative to control and in—organic fertilizer and could therefore be recommended for the prospective and existing Nigerian cocoa farmers for raising their seedlings in the nursery before transplanting to the field.

Temporal Stability of Sward Dry Matter and Nitrogen Yield Patterns in a Temperate Grassland

The objectives of the present study were to examine the spatial patterns of sward dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) yields in a grass silage field at first, second, and third cuts over a 3-year period; quantify their temporal stabilities with temporal stability maps; and assess the potential for site-specific management in each pasture-growing period using classified management maps. At cut 1, the spatial patterns of DM and N yields proved to be well defined and temporally stable and were likely to be due to differences in the net N mineralization rates across the field during spring. In contrast, at cut 2, the patterns of DM production were patchy and temporally unstable. It was concluded that, in principle, a simple site-specific approach to N fertilization would be possible in this field during spring at cut 1. At later harvests, the rationale for a site-specific approach to fertilizer management was less clear with logistics appearing to be more complex and less feasible.

Influence of High Temperature Stress on Net Photosynthesis, Dry Matter Partitioning and Rice Grain Yield at Flowering and Grain Filling Stages

Climate change is recognized to increase the frequency and severity of extreme temperature events. At flowering and grain filling stages, risk of high temperature stress （HTS） on rice might increase, and lead to declining grain yields. A regulated cabinet experiment was carried out to investigate effects of high temperature stress on rice growth at flowering and grain- filling stages. Results showed that no obvious decrease pattern in net photosynthesis appeared along with the temperature rising, but the dry matter allocation in leaf, leaf sheath, culm, and panicle all changed. Dry weight of panicle decreased, and ratio of straw to total above ground crop dry weight increased 6-34% from CK, which might have great effects on carbon cycling and green house gas emission. Grain yield decreased significantly across all treatments on average from 15 to 73%. Occurrence of HTS at flowering stage showed more serious influence on grain yield than at grain filling stage. High temperature stress showed negative effects on harvest index. It might be helpful to provide valuable information for crop simulation models to capture the effects of high temperature stress on rice, and evaluate the high temperature risk.

Effects of Site-Specific Nitrogen Management on Yield and Dry Matter Accumulation of Rice from Cold Areas of Northeastern China

The effects of yield increase and mechanism of site-specific nitrogen management （SSNM） in five rice varieties from cold areas of northeastern China were studied. Plot experiment for critical SPAD value and experiments of two fertilization methods, SSNM and farmer＇s fertilization practice （FFP） were conducted to study their effects on the quality and dry matter accumulation of rice population, as well as N uptake. Compared with FFP, SSNM significantly decreased the average N rate by 33.8%, significantly increased average ear-bearing tiller rate and LAI for grain-filling stage by 12.3% and 14.1-27.6%, correspondingly, improved dry matter weight and N uptake after heading period by 4.3-29.1% and 11.8-55.1% （P 〈 0.05）, and heightened recovery efficiency and agronomic efficiency by 38.5-133.4% （P 〈 0.05） and 39.8-194.3% （P 〈 0.05）, respectively, as well as increased the average yield by 9.8% in 2004 and 2005. The results indicated that the accumulation rate of dry matter and N increased the rice yield and N use efficiency, because of improving rice population quality and increasing LAI after heading period.

Effects of Calcium Application Rate on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Peanut

The effects of calcium application rate on dry matter accumulation and yield of peanut were studied under high-yielding field condition. The variety used for the study was Tang A8252( Spanish peanut). The results showed that number of full fruit,dry weight per plant,kernel yield,and pod yield all increased with calcium application increased,and they decreased when calcium application rate was more than150 kg/ha. Both the height of main stem and the length of side shoot decreased with calcium application increased. Therefore,to obtain the optimal agronomic character index and the highest yield benefit,the suggested calcium application rate would be 150 kg/ha for peanut.

Soil tillage methods by years interaction for dry matter of plant yield of maize (Zea mays L.)using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model

The objective of this study was to assess soil tillage methods by years interaction for dry matter of plant yield of maize(Zea mays L.) grown in West Poland by the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model. The study comprised four soil tillage methods, analysed in 12 years through field trials arranged in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. Dry matter of plant yield of the tested soil tillage methods varied from 86.7 dt ha(for no-plough tillage in 2005) to 246.4 dt ha(for complete conventional tillage in 2012), with an average of 146.6 dt ha. In the variance analysis, 49.07% of the total dry matter of plant yield variation was explained by years, 12.69% by differences between soil tillage methods, and 10.53% by soil tillage methods by years interaction. Dry matter of plant yield is highly influenced by soil tillage methods by years factors.

Effects of Limited Water Supply and Ridge Plotted Field on Soybean Yield and Dry Matter Accumulation

The drought in spring leads to the lack of soil water, which influents sprout and bud of crops, which furthermore affects growth and yield of crops. Studying the technology integration of bed-irrigating sowing, the mending irrigation of seedling stage and the effect of water-saving of ridge plotted field, analyzing the finger of yield and dry matter accumulation, water-saving technology integration have good effects on water-saving, water storage and increasing moisture on soil and enhancement of soybean yield.

The heterotic effects on dry matter production and grain yield formation in hybrid rice

We studied the characteristics of dry matterproduction and matter partitioning in hybridrice and the relationships of them with heterot-ic effect in 1993. Two popular indica hybrids, Shanyou 63(Zhenshan 97A/Minhui 63 ) and Teyou 63(Longtepu A/Minhui 63), as well as theircommon restorer line, Minhui 63 (elite cultivar

增密与减氮对青贮玉米产量的影响

以郑青贮1号、北农青贮368和郑单958为试验材料,研究了施氮量、种植密度及品种互作对青贮玉米鲜草产量和干物质生物产量的影响。结果表明:品种(郑青贮1号、北农青贮368、郑单958)、施氮量(N_(1)、N_(2)、N_(3)分别为240、216、168 kg/hm^(2))和密度(D_(1)、D_(2)、D_(3)、D4分别为6.75万、7.50万、8.25万、9.00万株/hm^(2))对青贮玉米干物质生物产量和鲜草产量均有显著的影响,在相同的密度水平下,3个玉米品种的干物质生物产量随施氮量的减少,总体呈下降趋势,但是N_(1)和N_(2)处理之间无显著差异;在相同施氮水平下,3个玉米品种的干物质生物产量随密度的增加,总体呈现先上升后下降的趋势;在不同施氮量和种植密度条件下,正常施氮量且高密度种植条件下(N_(1)D_(3)、N_(1)D4)的产量表现为郑青贮1号>北农青贮368>郑单958;在正常施氮量且低密度种植(N_(1)D_(1)、N_(1)D_(2))和减氮条件下(N_(2)、N_(3))的产量表现为北农青贮368>郑青贮1号>郑单958。因此,综合考虑减氮增产高效的目标,氮肥减施10%(N_(2))的条件下,郑青贮1号和北农青贮368的推荐栽植密度为8.25万株/hm^(2),郑单958不推荐作为青贮玉米种植。

薯—稻轮作模式下播种密度对旱直播水稻产量的影响

【目的】探明高地力条件下旱直播水稻播种密度对群体质量和产量的影响。【方法】在云南省冬马铃薯—水稻(以下简称“薯—稻”)轮作高地力土壤上进行田间试验,以超级杂交籼稻F优498为供试品种,设置行穴距30 cm×13 cm(CK)、30 cm×11 cm(D1)、30 cm×15 cm(D2)、30 cm×17 cm(D3)和30 cm×19 cm(D4)共5种播种密度,比较不同密度对出苗质量、茎蘖动态、叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、干物质积累转运特征以及产量及其构成因素的影响。【结果】随着播种密度的减小,有效穗数逐渐减少,单穴茎蘖数逐渐增加,每穗粒数显著增加,使总颖花量维持在4.4×10^(8)/hm^(2)以上。不同播种密度在维持适宜LAI的同时,随着播种密度的减小,齐穗后干物质积累量和积累率增加,提高了收获指数,从而使产量保持在较高水平(12.0 t/hm^(2)以上)。【结论】在薯—稻轮作模式下,将旱直播水稻播种密度调减至30 cm×19 cm,有利于齐穗后干物质的积累,增加每穗粒数,实现产量的稳定高效,并具有节本增效的作用。

化肥减量配施微生物菌肥对膜下滴灌红花生长发育及产量的影响

【目的】研究化肥减量配施微生物菌肥对膜下滴灌红花生长发育及产量的影响。【方法】2020~2021年在新疆塔城地区裕民县设置2年定位施肥试验,采用裂区试验设计,设6个处理:(1)对照CK:不施肥;(2)CF:复合肥20 kg/667m^(2);(3)OF:微生物菌肥20 kg/667m^(2);(4)CF+25M:化肥15 kg/667m^(2)(化肥减量25%)+微生物菌肥5 kg/667m^(2);(5)CF+37.5M:化肥12.5 kg/667m^(2)(化肥减量37.5%)+微生物菌肥7.5 kg/667m^(2);(6)CF+50M:化肥10 kg/667m^(2)(化肥减量50%)+微生物菌肥10 kg/667m^(2)。研究不同施肥处理对红花农艺性状、干物质积累与分配和产量形成的影响。【结果】处理CF+25M和CF+37.5M有利于红花的生长发育,可以显著增加红花株高、分枝数、叶片数和叶绿素含量等,并能促进红花干物质积累,调节干物质分配,协调改善红花产量构成因素,从而增加红花花丝和籽粒产量。其中以CF+37.5M处理下红花综合性状表现最优,其单株果球数、千粒重、花丝产量和籽粒产量分别比CF处理显著提高了87.85%、12.29%、11.42%和15.78%,同时株高、根长和叶绿素含量亦均达到最高水平。【结论】化肥减量配施微生物菌肥CF+37.5M:化肥12.5 kg/667m^(2)(化肥减量37.5%)+微生物菌肥7.5 kg/667m^(2)最优,能有效降低化肥施用量,促进红花生长发育,从而提高肥料利用率。

微咸水与沼液一体化灌溉对设施番茄干物质累积和产量品质的影响

【目的】探明微咸水与沼液一体化灌溉对设施番茄植株干物质累积、果实产量及品质的影响,获得适宜番茄生长发育的微咸水矿化度阈值。【方法】以设施番茄为研究对象,于2022年和2023年开展了两季大田试验,在番茄3个生育期(苗期、开花坐果期、成熟期)设置3个灌溉水矿化度(2、3、5 g/L),探求番茄干物质累积、产量、灌溉水利用效率、果实离子量和品质的响应规律,并采用主成分分析法和组合评价法分别对番茄果实品质及综合效益进行评价。【结果】苗期和开花坐果期使用5 g/L的微咸水与沼液一体化灌溉会抑制番茄各部位干物质量的增加;微咸水与沼液一体化灌溉均会降低番茄最终的产量,其降低主要是通过减少番茄单果质量来实现的,而对单株坐果数影响并不显著。但基于主成分分析法的番茄果实综合品质得分均有所提高;T4处理(苗期2g/L、开花坐果期3 g/L、成熟期5 g/L)番茄综合生产效益得分最高;各处理在一定程度上均降低了番茄果实对Na^(+)、Ca^(2+)的积累。【结论】基于组合评价法的番茄综合效益评价结果表明,在淡水资源紧缺微咸水资源丰富的地区,建议在番茄苗期使用2 g/L、开花坐果期使用3 g/L、成熟期使用5 g/L的微咸水与沼液一体化灌溉模式。

不同水氮环境下玉米品种的产量稳定性和干物质积累与分配差异

为深入解析不同玉米品种对水氮环境的适应机制和产量形成过程,通过8个玉米品种在6种水氮处理组合下的田间试验,采用加性主效应和乘性互作(AMMI)模型分析各玉米品种在不同水氮环境下的产量稳定性,探讨这些品种产量构成因素以及干物质积累与分配的差异。结果表明,‘军育535’、‘强盛388’、‘美豫22’和‘盛育367’为产量稳定性较高的品种,‘先耕303’、‘秦龙14’、‘西蒙M1711’和‘金北516’为产量稳定性较低的品种。稳定性较高品种的百粒重以及吐丝期穗和成熟期籽粒的干物质积累量和分配系数显著较高,但灌溉和施氮后,稳定性较低品种的百粒重增幅分别比稳定性较高品种提高21.64%和49.22%。补灌处理后,稳定性较低品种的吐丝期穗和成熟期籽粒干物质积累量增幅比稳定性较高品种分别提高14.92%和24.79%,分配系数增幅分别提高58.40%和34.68%;施氮处理后,稳定性较低品种的吐丝期穗和成熟期籽粒干物质积累量增幅比稳定性较高品种分别提高46.96%和27.55%,分配系数增幅分别提高57.93%和61.19%;补灌和施氮后,稳定性较低品种产量增幅分别为5.91%和97.02%,从而使其在W0N0处理下产量比稳定性较高品种低9.60%,但在W1N2处理下提高0.50%。综上,稳定性较低的品种对增施氮肥或补充灌溉的响应更为敏感,其在较优的水氮条件下可表现出更显著的增产效应。

茭虾共作对土壤氮磷含量和茭白干物质积累及氮磷钾吸收分配的影响

为探究茭白种养模式的施肥策略,设置茭虾共作(ZC)、茭白单作(Z)2个处理,研究茭虾共作对土壤氮磷含量、茭白产量和茭白干物质积累及氮磷钾吸收分配的影响。2021-2022年的研究结果显示,茭虾共作模式较茭白单作模式采茭期土壤中全氮、全磷、速效磷的含量分别提高了10.85%~38.89%、5.45%~13.79%、6.19%~61.79%,净茭产量提高了5.10%~19.54%,采茭期茭白茎、叶、净茭的干物质积累量分别增加14.41%~16.58%、10.28%~15.15%、10.57%~21.45%。2021年茭虾共作处理较茭白单作处理在采茭期叶的氮含量显著增加了25.74%,但在孕茭期茎中磷含量显著减少了16.76%;2022年氮肥减量、减量投喂下,茭虾共作处理较茭白单作处理在孕茭期茎的氮含量显著减少了23.75%,在分蘖期叶中磷含量显著减少了12.08%,2a全生育期同一器官的钾含量在2个处理间差异不显著。对于养分积累,2021年茭虾共作处理在分蘖期叶的氮、磷、钾积累量较茭白单作处理分别减少26.04%、27.27%、30.11%,但在采茭期茎的氮、钾积累量和叶的氮、磷积累量较茭白单作处理分别增加18.80%、38.41%和44.77%、35.71%;2022年在氮肥减量、饲料减量投喂下,茭虾共作处理在采茭期叶的磷积累量和茎的钾积累量较茭白单作处理显著增加30.0%和30.77%。关于养分分配,2种处理的茭白在孕茭期和采茭期氮素的分配均以茎、叶为主,而磷、钾元素的分配均以茎为主,茎分配比例在42%~66%。对于养分转运,2021年2种处理茭白的根、茎、叶在氮、磷转运上大多为表现为“库”器官,而在钾转运上大多表现为“源”器官;2022年氮肥减量、减量投喂下,茭白的根、茎、叶在氮、磷、钾转运量上大多表现为“源”器官。因此,在茭虾共作模式中适当减少肥料、饲料的投入,能促进形成合理的源库关系,有利于茭白产量的形成。

推荐施肥量下控释肥替代普通尿素提高高粱产量和氮肥生产力

【目的】高粱生产中氮肥施用不合理,氮肥利用效率低,研究适宜重庆地区高粱种植的控释氮肥减施比例,在减少氮肥用量的同时,确保高粱稳产高产,提高肥料利用效率。【方法】田间定位试验于2021、2022年在重庆永川进行,供试高粱品种为晋渝糯3号和金糯粱1号。设置6个处理,分别为不施氮肥(CK);习惯尿素施肥量(U,N 180 kg/hm^(2));尿素推荐施用量(U1,减N 20%,N 144 kg/hm^(2));控释氮肥减施氮量20%(C1,N144 kg/hm^(2));控释氮肥减施氮量30%(C2,N 126 kg/hm^(2));控释氮肥减施氮量40%(C3,N 108 kg/hm^(2))。在高粱开花期和成熟期,调查干物质积累量和转运量,成熟期调查植株和籽粒氮素含量、生物量、产量及产量构成因素。【结果】开花期和成熟期高粱干物质积累量均以C1和U1处理最高,C1处理成熟期干物质积累量又显著高于U1。C1处理叶片花前干物质转运量显著高于U。花后干物质积累量C1处理显著高于其他处理,U1和C2处理显著高于U处理。C1处理晋渝糯3号和金糯粱1号花后干物质积累量对籽粒的贡献率较U分别显著提高了11.54%和12.41%。C1处理的高粱产量最高(晋渝糯3号6611 kg/hm^(2),金糯粱1号5690 kg/hm^(2)),较其他施氮处理显著提高了5.40%~18.66%;其次为C2和U1处理,二者的产量均显著高于U和C3处理。各施氮处理的氮肥生理利用率(NPE)差异不显著;减氮处理间氮肥农学利用率(NAE)无显著差异,氮肥偏生产力(NPFP)差异显著,其NAE和NPFP均显著高于习惯施氮处理U;控释肥各减氮处理的NPFP显著高于普通氮肥推荐量处理U1。C1处理较U处理大幅提高了NAE、NPFP和氮肥利用率(NUE),晋渝糯3号分别提高了58.54%、39.61%和59.28%,金糯粱1号分别提高了80.97%、48.30%和63.08%;与U1处理相比,晋渝糯3号的NPFP、NUE分别提高了5.38%和22.19%,金糯粱1号分别提高了5.82%和4.42%。【结论】推荐施氮量下,用控释肥替代普通氮肥增加了高粱开花期和成熟期干物质积累量,提高了叶片花前干物质转运量和花后干物质积累量及其对籽粒的贡献率,提升了高粱产量和氮肥利用效率,可作为西南地区高粱生产的推荐氮肥施用方式。

华南地区早晚兼用型水稻产量和氮素吸收在早、晚季的差异特征

为明确华南双季稻区早晚兼用型水稻产量和氮素吸收在早、晚季的差异特征,以6个早晚兼用型水稻品种为试验材料,按当地高产栽培条件在早、晚季种植,测定其产量、产量构成、干物质积累和氮素吸收等。结果表明,早晚兼用型水稻在早、晚季种植时产量分别为6.68~7.91 t/hm^(2)和5.72~6.11 t/hm^(2);早季产量显著高于晚季,平均增幅为1.53 t/hm^(2)。相关分析表明,较高的早季产量与其有效穗数和粒重的提高有关。早、晚季干物质积累量和氮素吸收差异显著;相对于晚季,早季成熟期干物质积累量和氮素吸收平均提高25.0%和29.5%。另外,早、晚季产量与其干物质积累量和氮素吸收显著正相关。早晚兼用型水稻在早季种植时具有较高的产量、物质生产和氮素吸收能力。研究结果可为华南地区早晚兼用型水稻的丰产栽培提供理论依据。

化控对玉米带状间作大豆主茎分枝光合特性、物质积累及产量的影响

为充分挖掘化控技术对带状间作系统中大豆的增产潜力,本研究以大豆-玉米带状间作为研究对象,以南豆25为试验材料,通过在大豆4节期(V4)叶面喷施不同植物生长调节剂[抑芽丹(MH)、吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)、6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)、24-表油菜素内酯(EBR)、三碘苯甲酸(TIBA)、烯效唑(S3307)、胺鲜酯(DTA-6)]及清水(CK),探究调节剂对大豆主茎和分枝结构上的光合特性、干物质积累分配及产量的影响。结果表明,调节剂处理提高了带状间作大豆主茎和分枝叶片SPAD值、净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率,EBR、S3307和DTA-6处理下大豆的叶面积指数、干物质积累量和群体产量显著高于CK。各调节剂中以DTA-6协调主茎与分枝生长关系的效果最好,该处理下盛荚期(R4)大豆主茎和分枝的干物质积累量分别较CK增加15.62%和30.24%,完熟期分枝荚果分配率最高。产量结果也表明,DTA-6处理下分枝粒数和百粒重达到最大,使大豆群体产量较CK提高26.01%~32.61%。综上,DTA-6能够改善带状间作大豆主茎和分枝叶片光合特性,促进干物质积累分配及产量形成。本研究为化控在带状间作大豆中的推广应用提供了理论参考与技术支撑。

南疆风沙区不同保护播种模式紫花苜蓿的产量、品质及综合效益研究

新疆南疆地区种植的紫花苜蓿因苗期生长缓慢、受风沙影响成活率低,普遍采用小麦保护紫花苜蓿播种的方式。为探索一种资源利用率高、经济效益好且适合当地推广发展的最优种植模式,本研究以新疆南疆地区紫花苜蓿主要种植模式为切入点,选择当地常见的紫花苜蓿5种种植模式,研究了不同种植模式下紫花苜蓿干物质产量、营养价值及经济效益。结果表明:在2020年播种青贮玉米,2021年实施春小麦套种紫花苜蓿的种植模式(M5)在紫花苜蓿干物质总产量、粗蛋白含量以及经济效益方面的增益效果更为明显,适合当地推广种植。