SLOPE LITHOLOGIC PROPERTY, SOIL MOISTURE CONDITION AND REVEGETATION IN DRY-HOT VALLEY OF JINSHA RIVER

The dry-hot valley of the Jinsha River is one of the typical eco-fragile areas in Southwest China, as well as a focus of revegetation study in the upper and middle reaches of the Changjiang River. Due to its extremely dry and hot climate, severely degraded vegetation and the intense soil and water loss, there are extreme difficulties in vegetation restoration in this area and no great breakthrough has ever been achieved on studies of revegetation over the last several decades. Through over ten years’ research conducted in the typical areas-the Yuanmou dry-hot valley, the authors found that the lithologic property is one of the crucial factors determining soil moisture conditions and vegetation types in the dry-hot valley, and the rainfall infiltration capability is also one of the key factors affecting the tree growth. Then the revegetation zoning based on different slopes was conducted and revegetation patterns for different zones were proposed.

Water discharge changes of the Changjiang River downstream Datong during dry season

Based on hydrometric data and extensive investigations on water-extracting projects, this paper presents a preliminary study on water discharge changes between Datong and Xuliujing during dry season. The natural hydrological processes and human factors that influence the water discharge are analyzed with the help of GIS method. The investigations indicate that the water-extracting projects downstream from Datong to Xuliujing had amounted to 64 in number by the end of 2000, with a water-extracting capacity up to 4,626 m 3 /s averaged in a tidal cycle. The water extraction from the Changjiang River has become the most important factor influencing the water discharge downstream Datong during dry season. The potential magnitude in water discharge changes are estimated based on historical records of water extraction and a water balance model. The computational results were calibrated with the actual data. The future trend in changes of water discharge into the sea during dry season was discussed by taking into consideration of newly built hydro-engineering projects. The water extraction downstream Datong in dry season before 2000 had a great influence on discharges into the sea in the extremely dry year like 1978-1979. It produced a net decrease of more than 490 m 3 /s in monthly mean discharges from the Changjiang into the sea. It is expected that the water extraction will continually increase in the coming decades, especially in dry years, when the net decrease in monthly mean water discharge will increase to more than 1000 m 3 /s and will give a far-reaching effect on the changes of water discharge from the Changjiang into the sea.

IMPACT OF WATER ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS IN DRY-HOT VALLEY OF JINSHA RIVER ON SOIL DESERTIFICATION

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Aerosol Optical Properties and Radiative Impacts in the Pearl River Delta Region of China during the Dry Season

Aerosol optical properties and direct radiative effects on surface irradiance were examined using seven years （2006-2012） of Cimel sunphotometer data collected at Panyu--the main atmospheric composition monitoring station in the Pearl River Delta （PRD） region of China. During the dry season （October to February）, mean values of the aerosol optical depth （AOD） at 550 nm, the Angstrom exponent, and the single scattering albedo at 440 nm （SSA） were 0.54, 1.33 and 0.87, respectively. About 90% of aerosols were dominated by fine-mode strongly absorbing particles. The size distribution was bimodal, with fine-mode particles dominating. The fine mode showed a peak at a radius of 0.12 μm in February and October （- 0.10 μm3 μm-2）. The mean diurnal shortwave direct radiative forcing at the surface, inside the atmosphere （FATM）, and at the top of the atmosphere, was -33.4± 7.0, 26.1 ± 5.6 and -7.3 ±2.7 W m-2, respectively. The corresponding mean values of aerosol direct shortwave radiative forcing per AOD were -60.0 ±7.8, 47.3 ± 8.3 and -12.8 ±3.1 W m-2, respectively. Moreover, during the study period, FATM showed a significant decreasing trend （p 〈 0.01） and SSA increased from 0.87 in 2006 to 0.91 in 2012, suggesting a decreasing trend of absorbing particles being released into the atmosphere. Optical properties and radiative impacts of the absorbing particles can be used to improve the accuracy of inversion algorithms for satellite-based aerosol retrievals in the PRD region and to better constrain the climate effect of aerosols in climate models.

Industrial Poverty Alleviation Model in Deep Poverty-stricken Villages in the Dry-hot Valley of Jinsha River: A Case Study of Poverty Alleviation in the Green Prickleyash Planting Industry in Laopingzi Village,Luquan County

Industrial poverty alleviation is the core of poverty alleviation in rural areas of China,and it is the fundamental way for the rural poor to achieve stable income and poverty alleviation. Laopingzi Village,Jiaopingdu Town,Luquan County,Kunming County,Yunnan Province,located in the dry-hot valley area of Jinsha River,has become a typical deep poverty-stricken village due to its special natural conditions.In recent years,in the battle to win the fight against poverty,the people of Laopingzi Village have achieved a virtuous cycle of the ecological environment and an access to get rid of poverty and get rich through vigorously developing green prickleyash planting industry. By the end of 2018,the incidence of poverty in Laopingzi Village Committee dropped from 45. 62% in 2014 to 1. 11%,and the green prickleyash planting industry had achieved remarkable results in poverty alleviation. This article summarizes the specific practices of developing the green prickleyash planting industry in the village,analyzes the main results and successful experiences of the mode and discusses the inspiration of the implementation of green prickleyash cultivation on industrial poverty alleviation,so as to provide an effective practical example for the development and poverty alleviation of poverty-stricken areas.

Dryland Pastoralism Climate Landscape and Food Security in the Suam River Basin of Kenya

River basins in the drylands of Sub-Saharan Africa have traditionally been utilized for pastoral livelihoods under communal land tenure. Communities in West Pokot in Kenya have continued to experience increased precipitation and temperature as a result of climate variability and change. This study aimed at assessing the impact of climate variability and change at micro-basin level in order to address research and policy gaps on climate change and food security as policy arena shifts from centralized to decentralized governance in Kenya. Primary quantitative data was collected from 387 households’ perceptions of climate variability and change and its implications on food security were measured. Food security index score was calculated. The annual rainfall trend over Suam river basin for the period (1981-2020), was characterized by a linearly increasing annual rainfall trend. Mann Kendall test Z-statistics and Tau were at 2.3578 and 0.0720 respectively. The basin experienced the highest rainfall variability during the first decade (1981-1990) with the highest coefficient of rainfall variation noted at 11.5%. The highest temperature was recorded in the third decade (2001-2010) and fourth decade (2011-2020) at 27.0 and 28.2 degrees Celsius respectively. However, the overall index score for food security was 55.78 with food availability scoring the highest index, mean (SD) of 63.41 (36.52). This was attributed to households’ practice of both nomadic pastoralism and agro-pastoralism activities. Climate variability and change, have resulted in increased amount of rainfall received providing for opportunity investment in rain water harvesting to support both pastoralism and agro-pastoralism production to enhance food security.

气候变化背景下赣江流域复合高温干旱事件时空演变特征

【目的】在气候变化背景下,全球多区域复合高温干旱事件频率与强度呈现增加趋势。系统揭示赣江流域复合高温干旱事件的时空演变特征,为灾害风险防范提供参考。【方法】采用1961—2021年的日最高温度和表层土壤含水量数据,评估赣江流域热浪、农业干旱和复合高温干旱事件的时空变化趋势,对比分析复合高温干旱事件与单独极端事件的特征差异。【结果】结果表明:赣江流域农业干旱事件频次呈下降趋势(-0.027场/10 a),热浪事件及复合高温干旱事件的频次呈上升趋势(0.084场/10 a、0.013场/10 a)。与1961—2000年相比,2001—2021年赣江流域农业干旱的发生频率在北部大部分区域有所下降,南部地区大部分区域有所增加;热浪事件的发生频率在全流域均呈增加趋势;复合高温干旱的发生频率在东北部有所下降,南部显著上升。与单独热浪事件和单独农业干旱事件相比,复合高温干旱下的热浪事件历时和烈度分别增加16.87%和26.25%,农业干旱事件历时和烈度分别增加10.65%和26.86%。【结论】赣江流域南部地区复合高温干旱事件发生频率显著增加;相比于单独的极端事件,复合高温干旱事件的危险性有所增强,未来应加强该区域的复合高温干旱风险防范能力。

Land Suitability Evaluation of Zanthoxylum schinifolium in Dry and Hot Valley of Jinsha River: A Case Study of Jiaopingdu Town of Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County,Yunnan Province

According to the recent practice in Laopingzi Village,Jiaopingdu Town,Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County(Luquan County hereinafter)in dry and hot valley of Jinsha River,the development of Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb.et Zucc planting industry can help farmers gradually get rid of poverty and achieve a virtuous cycle of ecological environment.It is a sustainable poverty alleviation way.Based on the three aspects of soil properties,climatic conditions,and topographical conditions influencing the growth of Z.schinifolium,this paper selected eight evaluation factors to establish a suitability evaluation system for Z.schinifolium,used the analytic hierarchy process to determine the indicator,and determined the weight of the evaluation indicators.Besides,it calculated the comprehensive suitability index of land suitability of Z.schinifolium and evaluated the suitability of Z.schinifolium land in Jiaopingdu Town of Luquan County.The results showed that the suitable area for the cultivation of Z.schinifolium in Jiaopingdu Town reached 7270.78 ha,accounting for 88.69%of the study area;the area of unsuitable land was 922.07 ha,accounting for 11.31%of the study area.Among the suitable land areas,the high suitability area reached562.99 ha,accounting for 7.79%;the moderate suitability area was 2206.76 ha,accounting for 28.61%;the low suitability area was4599.03 ha,accounting for 63.6%.Based on the results of suitability evaluation,it came up with pertinent recommendations for the development of Z.schinifolium industry in Jiaopingdu Town.

湄公河典型区域旱雨季土地利用及土壤侵蚀差异研究

以湄公河干流老挝沙湾拿吉至柬埔寨桔井段重要支流南蒙河、色丹河、色贡河、色桑河、斯雷博河及其左右岸缓冲区50 km范围为研究区域,基于Landsat8遥感和河网数据,对比植被覆盖度以及空间分布特征,分析区域内旱季(1-2月)、雨季(6-9月)土地利用及土壤侵蚀变化。结果表明,季节性降雨导致土地利用变化明显,旱、雨季土地利用变化主要表现为河道沿岸水体动态变化;旱季水体面积较雨季净减少43 259 hm^(2),占总变化面积的93.8%;雨季至旱季耕地转化占总变化面积38.00%(17 514.44 hm^(2)),其次为灌木地(22.98%,10 590.54 hm^(2))和裸地(21.77%,10 033.32 hm^(2))。土地利用类型转化导致土壤侵蚀变化,旱、雨季土壤极强烈侵蚀和剧烈侵蚀区域变化不大;旱季以轻度侵蚀、中度侵蚀增加为主,净增加面积分别为4 107 hm^(2)和5 864 hm^(2),分别占总变化面积的36.9%和52.7%;增加面积主要由无侵蚀类型发展而来,体现在旱季沿岸水体面积的大幅降低。建议在水土保持过程中,改传统稻田种植为耕作、轮作和培肥一体化的水保措施,增强基础设施建设,加强河岸带生态护坡建设与管理,降低自然洪水或人为工程对自然林地和植被的破坏。

Annual Fluxes of Heavy Metal Elements in Atmospheric Dry and Wet Depositions in the Pearl River Delta Economic Region, Guangdong Province

There are 158 sampling points to be set up in the Pearl River delta economic region. The collecting period is mostly one year, namely, from July 2007 to July 2008. The eight heavy metal elements of Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Hg, and Cd in 474 dry and wet deposition samples were tested in terms of the standard procedures. Their average annual fluxes have no obvious difference between dry deposition and wet deposition. So these elements might be at an equilibrium or quasi-equilibrium state between dry deposition and wet deposition.

近136年(1885~2020年)长江中下游伏旱期划分及其演变分析

少雨高温的伏旱期对长江中下游地区农业、水利和人体健康等具有重要影响,但目前缺乏对该地区伏旱期的历史划分,对其长期变化规律也缺乏充分认识。本文利用1885年以来已划定的长江中下游沿江五站(上海、南京、芜湖、九江和汉口)梅雨期和夏季日气温、降水资料,对出梅后的少雨高温时段分别确定了少雨和高温的定量标准,划定出1885~2020年长江中下游伏旱期,并用统一气温标准结合伏旱期长度,综合确定了近136 a(1885~2020年)伏旱期强度指数。这136 a(包含有16个无伏旱年及10个入秋伏旱年)里伏旱期的年平均长度为21.6 d,呈现出3~6 a、36 a和84 a周期。1951年以来,1959~1978年是伏旱期长度的主要峰期,1980~1987年是伏旱期长度的下降谷期,之后缓慢增加;1980年代之后虽然大于30 d的长伏旱期有减少趋势,但是15~30 d且高强度的伏旱期频现;1995年之后秋伏旱明显增多,夏季延迟。136 a里最长且强的伏旱期依次出现于1934、1967、1978和2013年;最早的伏旱期出现在6月中旬,最晚在9月中下旬。近40 a来,伏旱期高温(≥35.0°C)日数大幅提高,伏旱期高温发生率从1980年代的30%左右上升到近年的50%以上,对人体健康构成威胁。长(强)伏旱期的副热带环流特征为西太平洋副热带高压稳定控制长江中下游区,而短(弱)伏旱期西太平洋副热带高压多偏东或偏南,入秋伏旱与副热带高压稳定西伸有关。伏旱期内高温日数的演变受到双重人类活动的制约,它不仅与人类活动导致的全球海陆升温有关,并且因地而异,即受到局地生态环境演变和城市热岛效应增减的人为作用影响。印度—太平洋季风区陆海温差对长江中下游伏旱期长度年代际变化有重要调制作用。

大豆脲酶诱导碳酸钙固化黄河泥沙水稳定性试验研究

随着国家“交通强国”战略的提出,沿黄工程建设发展迅速,填筑用土需求剧增。黄河泥沙作为填筑材料的可行性已被证实,但其在多雨地区的服役性能需要改善,探索一种生态、高效的泥沙加固方法提高其水稳定性十分关键。本文基于酶诱导碳酸钙沉淀(EICP)技术固化黄河泥沙的方法,分别开展了常规浸水条件和干湿循环条件下固化黄河泥沙的水稳定性试验,研究了浸水后试样的质量损失及强度折损情况,分析了干湿循环对固化后黄河泥沙试样强度软化系数的影响规律。结果表明:采用EICP技术固化的黄河泥沙试样浸水崩解过程相比原状试样更加缓慢;胶结液浓度1.5 mol/L的黄河泥沙试样长期(56 d)浸水后,几乎保持完整,质量损失率仅为6.36%,强度折损率仅为6.21%;10次干湿循环后,不同胶结液浓度处理后的黄河泥沙试样均出现了不同程度的颗粒松散和脱落现象,胶结液浓度1.5 mol/L、灌浆10次的黄河泥沙试样的抗压强度损失仅为9.96%,抗干湿循环能力最强。利用EICP技术可以有效的固化黄河泥沙并提升其水稳定性,这对推进黄河泥沙的资源化利用进程十分重要。

基于APCS-MLR模型的九洲江广东段不同水期水质变化特征及污染来源解析

为探究九洲江广东段水质变化特征及其污染来源,选取了2021—2022年九洲江营仔国考断面自动站逐日水质数据,利用相关性分析、绝对主成分-多元线性回归(APCS-MLR)模型对九洲江不同水期水质特征及污染来源进行了研究。结果表明:九洲江营仔断面丰水期水质相对较差,高锰酸盐指数、总磷和浊度相较枯水期显著升高,溶解氧、pH相较枯水期显著下降;不同水期水质指标相关性存在一定差异,与枯水期相比,丰水期pH、溶解氧和浊度与其他水质指标的相关性有所增加,而高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总磷和总氮指标间的相关性有所减小;枯水期畜禽养殖源+城镇生活源对总磷、氨氮和总氮的绝对贡献率分别为58.47%、48.71%和44.14%,未识别污染源对高锰酸盐指数、水温、pH和电导率的绝对贡献率分别为63.08%、59.48%、54.90%和52.65%;丰水期农业面源+城镇面源对总氮、总磷和高锰酸盐指数的绝对贡献率分别为51.96%、41.38%和34.78%,气象因子对溶解氧、pH和氨氮的绝对贡献率分别为55.66%、40.75%和31.87%。综合来看,九洲江广东段水质指标枯水期主要受畜禽养殖源+城镇生活源和未识别污染源的影响,丰水期主要受农业面源+城镇面源和气象因子影响,故九洲江广东段水质管控不仅要加强畜禽养殖污染治理、城镇污水管网完善,还应注重保障生态流量、削减汛期面源污染等工作。

2022—2023年枯水期珠江流域供水保障“三道防线”调度与思考

2022—2023年枯水期,珠江流域受降雨、江河来水持续偏少影响,西江遭遇特枯水年。随着径流减少,珠江河口咸潮上溯严重,直接威胁澳门地区、珠海等地城乡居民生活供水安全。通过筑牢供水保障“三道防线”,先后实施8次压咸补淡应急补水调度,有效压制河口咸潮,增加了下游河道取水口抽取淡水的概率,有效保障了城乡供水安全。总结2022—2023年珠江流域供水保障“三道防线”调度实践,对压咸补淡应急补水调度工作进行思考,为今后抗旱保供水实践提供经验参考。

干热河谷区典型植被土壤抗剪性能影响因素评价

[目的]探讨植被对边坡固土效应的影响,为金沙江干热河谷区防治土壤侵蚀、减少水土流失提供数据支持。[方法]以云南省永仁县4种典型植被(台湾相思、锥连栎、余甘子、云南松)为研究对象,开展室内单根拉伸试验和直剪试验,研究了不同植被类型土壤抗剪性能的差异性及各因素对其的影响程度。[结果](1)4种植物平均单根抗拉力表现为:锥连栎>余甘子>云南松>台湾相思;平均单根抗拉强度表现为:余甘子>台湾相思>云南松>锥连栎;单根抗拉力与根径呈指数函数关系,单根抗拉强度与根径呈显著负相关关系。(2)在4种垂压下,4种植被根土复合体抗剪强度均大于素土,且抗剪强度指标随土层深度的变化也各不相同,云南松植被土壤黏聚力随土层深度变化变幅最大(51.47%),锥连栎植被土壤内摩擦角随土层深度变化变幅最大(37.96%)。(3)采用灰色关联法综合分析根系抗拉性能、土壤理化性质与土壤黏聚力和内摩擦角之间的关联度,其中黏聚力与根系抗拉强度关联度最高,根系抗拉力次之,含水率最低;内摩擦角与土壤容重关联度最高,有机质次之,全钾最低。[结论]植物根系抗拉性能和土壤理化性质能显著影响土壤的抗剪性能,其中根系抗拉性能对土壤黏聚力的影响较大,对土壤内摩擦角的影响不显著。

基于Copula函数的嘉陵江流域水沙丰枯遭遇关系探究

为了深入了解嘉陵江水沙关系的变化规律。基于嘉陵江出口北碚水文站1965-2022年的年径流量和年输沙量资料,利用Mann-Kendall检验法、双累积曲线法并结合物理成因法诊断水沙关系的变异点,通过AIC、BIC、RMSE对径流量和输沙量的边缘分布函数和Copula函数进行优选,确定最优Copula函数并建立嘉陵江流域水沙联合分布模型,运用模型对流域内水沙丰枯遭遇概率、联合和同现重现期进行计算,进而对比分析水沙单变量和联合变量设计值。结果表明:①水沙关系在1989年发生突变,变异前的水沙相关性强于变异后的水沙相关性;②1965-1989年阶段水沙序列最优边缘分布都为Logn,最优水沙联合分布模型为Gumbel Copula模型。1990-2022年阶段径流量和输沙量的最优边缘分布分别为Gamma、GP,最优水沙联合分布模型为Frank Copula模型;③2个阶段水沙序列同步概率分别是59.77%、61.14%,均大于异步概率,且出现极端情况“水丰沙枯”、“水枯沙丰”类型的概率极低,表明水沙概率存在较大的相关性,来水来沙条件相对稳定;④联合变量设计值大于单变量设计值,通过两变量联合分布计算的径流量和输沙量设计值更加可靠。水沙联合重现期集中在2年附近,同现重现期绝大部分小于50年。通过探讨嘉陵江流域来水来沙联合变化特征,可为流域的水沙调控、防灾减灾等工作提供参考。

安宁河干旱河谷耕地地形梯度分异及其变化驱动因素

基于高精度土地利用数据,采用核密度分析、景观指数、地形梯度(海拔、坡度、坡向、地貌)分级和PLUS模型,探究1980—2018年安宁河流域耕地的时空分布、聚集和破碎情况、地形梯度分异及其变化的驱动机制,以期为干旱河谷地区耕地合理利用和农业发展规划提供科学参考。结果表明:(1)耕地约占流域总面积的24%,集中分布于安宁河干流两岸的狭窄河谷地区;1980—2018年耕地持续减少,共减少61.77 km^(2),主要转出为林地、草地、水域和建设用地。(2)耕地呈“河谷密山地疏”的空间分布格局,研究期内耕地空间聚集度波动下降,破碎化程度加剧。(3)流域内耕地分布具有显著垂直地带性(993~1879 m海拔,0~15°坡度,东、东南和南3个坡向,平原、丘陵和小起伏山地3个地貌类型为耕地分布的优势位),55.72%以上的耕地集中于平坦河谷平原带和中起伏山地的阳坡地带,这些区域耕地显著减少。(4)人口密度、GDP和距道路远近等经济条件因子,坡度、海拔和距水域远近等自然条件因子对耕地变化产生深远影响,其中人口密度的贡献度最高,达0.13。安宁河流域耕地具有显著地形梯度分异,在海拔、坡度和水域等自然条件制约下,受人口、GDP和交通等经济因素作用,耕地面积持续减少,破碎化现象加剧。

北京市河道整治特色工程措施探究

文章以北京城市河道旱河整治为例,从改善防洪排涝条件、改善人居环境和满足城市发展等方面,对旱河综合整治特色工程措施进行了相关论证与分析。工程实施后,取得了较好的经济和社会效益,可供类似城市河道治理工程借鉴。

引黄灌区连续减施化肥对春小麦产量稳定性的影响

【目的】探索宁夏引黄灌区连续减施化肥对土壤氮、磷、钾养分供应及春小麦产量的影响,并分析影响产量稳定性的因素,为化肥合理减施、春小麦高产稳产提供理论依据。【方法】以宁春4号春小麦为供试作物,2019-2022年连续4年开展化肥减施田间定位试验,试验设置常规施肥(CF,N 270 kg·hm^(-2)、P_(2)O_(5)150 kg·hm^(-2)、K_(2)O 75 kg·hm^(-2))、减量施肥下限(RF1,N 180 kg·hm^(-2)、P_(2)O_(5)45 kg·hm^(-2)、K_(2)O 30 kg·hm^(-2),与传统施肥相比减N 33.3%、减P_(2)O_(5)70.0%、减K_(2)O 60.0%)、减量施肥上限(RF2,N 225 kg·hm^(-2)、P_(2)O_(5)75 kg·hm^(-2)、K_(2)O 45 kg·hm^(-2),与传统施肥相比减N 17.0%、减P_(2)O_(5)50.0%、减K_(2)O 40.0%)及不施肥(CK)处理,分析春小麦生育期间气候因素,播前土壤水分含量,播前和收获期土壤矿质态氮、速效磷、速效钾含量,收获期春小麦地上部干物质累积量、籽粒产量及产量构成因素的差异及相互关系。【结果】2019-2022年播前土壤水分含量存在年际差异,其中2022年的较低,平均值仅为19.5%;除2020年受施肥处理显著影响外,其余年份各施肥处理之间无显著差异。播前和收获期土壤矿质态氮、速效钾和速效磷含量均以常规施肥(CF)处理较高,RF2处理次之,且两者之间无显著差异,而RF1处理的趋于降低。2019年,地上部干物质累积量和产量均以CF处理最高,分别为23261.7和9449.0 kg·hm^(-2),较RF2处理增幅分别为2.8%-4.5%和3.2%-16.0%,而2020-2022年均以RF2处理较高,但与CF处理之间无显著差异,且4年籽粒产量表现最稳定;从年际变化来看,所有施肥处理的公顷穗数、千粒重、产量均呈逐年下降的趋势,因此施肥量并不是造成产量年际差异的主要原因,而是与播前土壤水分、降水量、气温、湿度和风速有密切关系,其中2022年产量的降低主要与较低的播前土壤水分、灌浆期的干热风现象及氮肥基追比的改变有关。【结论】宁夏引黄灌区连续适量减施化肥(N225 kg·hm^(-2)、P_(2)O_(5)75 kg·hm^(-2)、K_(2)O 45 kg·hm^(-2),相对常规施肥减N 17.0%,减P_(2)O_(5)50.0%,减K_(2)O 40.0%)不会显著降低土壤氮、磷、钾的供应能力,且一定程度上提高了春小麦公顷穗数、穗粒数和千粒重,促进地上部干物质量向籽粒的转移和积累,从而趋于提高春小麦的籽粒产量。但是,春小麦产量受降雨、风速、湿度等气候因素和土壤墒情、连作障碍、氮肥追施比等的影响而存在年际差异,其中,气温、相对湿度和风速是影响小麦产量差异的主要因素,其对施肥效果的影响需做进一步研究。