Gas Film Disturbance Characteristics Analysis of High-Speed and High-Pressure Dry Gas Seal

The dry gas seal（DGS） has been widely used in high parameters centrifugal compressor, but the intense vibrations of shafting, especially in high-speed condition, usually result in DGS＇s failure. So the DGS＇s ability of resisting outside interference has become a determining factor of the further development of centrifugal compressor. However, the systematic researches of which about gas film disturbance characteristics of high parameters DGS are very little. In order to study gas film disturbance characteristics of high-speed and high-pressure spiral groove dry gas seal（S-DGS） with a flexibly mounted stator, rotor axial runout and misalignment are taken into consideration, and the finite difference method and analytical method are used to analyze the influence of gas film thickness disturbance on sealing performance parameters, what＇s more, the effects of many key factors on gas film thickness disturbance are systematically investigated. The results show that, when sealed pressure is 10.1MPa and seal face average linear velocity is 107.3 m/s, gas film thickness disturbance has a significant effect on leakage rate, but has relatively litter effect on open force; Excessively large excitation amplitude or excessively high excitation frequency can lead to severe gas film thickness disturbance; And it is beneficial to assure a smaller gas film thickness disturbance when the stator material density is between 3.1 g/cm3 to 8.4 g/cm3; Ensuring sealing performance while minimizing support axial stiffness and support axial damping can help to improve dynamic tracking property of dry gas seal. The proposed research provides the instruction to optimize dynamic tracking property of the DGS.

Leakage and Stiffness Characteristics of Bionic Cluster Spiral Groove Dry Gas Seal

Spiral groove dry gas seal(S?DGS), the most widely used DGS in the world, encounters the problem of high leakage rate and inferior film stability when used in high?speed machinery equipment, which could not be well solved by optimization of geometrical parameters and molded line of spiral groove. A new type of bionic cluster spiral groove DGS(CS?DGS) is proved to have superior film stability than S?DGS at the condition of high?speed and low?pressure numerically. A bionic CS?DGS is experimentally investigated and compared with common S?DGS in order to provide evidence for theoretical study. The film thickness and leakage rate of both bionic spiral groove and common spiral groove DGS are measured and compared with each other and with theoretical values under different closing force at the condition of static pressure, high?speed and low?pressure, and the film stiffness and stiffness?leakage ratio of these two face seals are derived by the relationship between closing force and film thickness at the steady state. Experimental results agree well with the theory that the leakage and stiffness of bionic CS?DGS are superior to that of common S?DGS under the condition of high?speed and low?pressure, with the decreasing amplitude of 20% to 40% and the growth amplitude of 20%, respectively. The opening performance and stiffness characteristics of bionic CS?DGS are inferior to that of common S?DGS when rotation speed equals to 0 r/min. The proposed research provides a new method to measure the axis film stiffness of DGS, and validates the superior performance of bionic CS?DGS at the condition of high?speed and low?pressure experimentally.

Numerical Analysis of a Spiral-groove Dry-gas Seal Considering Micro-scale Effects

A dry-gas seal system is a non-contact seal technology that is widely used in different industrial applications.Spiral-groove dry-gas seal utilizes fluid dynamic pressure effects to realize the seal and lubrication processes,while forming a high pressure gas film between two sealing faces due to the deceleration of the gas pumped in or out.There is little research into the effects and the influence on seal performance,if the grooves and the gas film are at the micro-scale.This paper investigates the micro-scale effects on spiral-groove dry-gas seal performance in a numerical solution of a corrected Reynolds equation.The Reynolds equation is discretized by means of the finite difference method with the second order scheme and solved by the successive-over-relaxation（SOR） iterative method.The Knudsen number of the flow in the sealing gas film is changed from 0.005 to 0.120 with a variation of film depth and sealing pressure.The numerical results show that the average pressure in the gas film and the sealed gas leakage increase due to micro-scale effects.The open force is enlarged,while the gas film stiffness is significantly decreased due to micro-scale effects.The friction torque and power consumption remain constant,even in low sealing pressure and spin speed conditions.In this paper,the seal performance at different rotor face spin speeds is also described.The proposed research clarifies the micro-scale effects in a spiral-groove dry-gas seal and their influence on seal performance,which is expected to be useful for the improvement of the design of dry-gas seal systems operating in the slip flow regime.

Dynamic Coupling Correlation of Gas Film in Dry Gas Seal with Spiral Groove

In working state, the dynamic performance of dry gas seal, generated by the rotating end face with spiral grooves, is determined by the open force of gas film and leakage flow rate. Generally, the open force and the leakage flow rate can be obtained by finite element method, computational fluid dynamics method and experimental measurement method. However, it will take much time to carry out the above measurements and calculations. In this paper, the approximate model of parallel grooves based on the narrow groove theory is used to establish the dynamic equations of the gas film for the purpose of obtaining the dynamic parameters of gas film. The nonlinear differential equations of gas film model are solved by Runge-Kutta method and shooting method. The numerical values of the pressure profiles, leakage flux and opening force on the seal surface are integrated, and then compared to experimental data for the reliability of the numerical simulation. The results show that the numerical simulation curves are in good agreement with experimental values. Furthermore, the opening force and the leakage flux are proved to be strongly correlated with the operating parameters. Then, the function-coupling method is introduced to analyze the numerical results to obtain the correlation formulae of the opening force and leakage flux respectively with the operating parameters, i.e., the inlet pressure and the rotating speed. This study intends to provide an effective way to predict the aerodynamic performance for designing and optimizing the groove styles in dry gas seal rapidly and accurately.

Flow Dynamics of a Spiral-groove Dry-gas Seal

The dry-gas seal has been widely used in different industries. With increased spin speed of the rotator shaft, turbulence occurs in the gas film between the stator and rotor seal faces. For the micro-scale flow in the gas film and grooves, turbulence can change the pressure distribution of the gas film. Hence, the seal performance is influenced. However, turbulence effects and methods for their evaluation are not considered in the existing industrial designs of dry-gas seal. The present paper numerically obtains the turbulent flow fields of a spiral-groove dry-gas seal to analyze turbulence effects on seal performance. The direct numerical simulation （DNS） and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes （RANS） methods are utilized to predict the velocity field properties in the grooves and gas film. The key performance parameter, open force, is obtained by integrating the pressure distribution, and the obtained result is in good agreement with the experimental data of other researchers. Very large velocity gradients are found in the sealing gas film because of the geometrical effects of the grooves. Considering turbulence effects, the calculation results show that both the gas film pressure and open force decrease. The RANS method underestimates the performance, compared with the DNS. The solution of the conventional Reynolds lubrication equation without turbulence effects suffers from significant calculation errors and a small application scope. The present study helps elucidate the physical mechanism of the hydrodynamic effects of grooves for improving and optimizing the industrial design or seal face pattern of a dry-gas seal.

衍生T形槽干气密封稳态性能研究

目的 设计具备双向旋转特点的动压型干气密封端面结构,并展现良好的开启性能,以T形槽为优化对象,衍生出一种新型槽型结构。方法 借助有限元软件,计算并对比经典T形槽与衍生槽型在流场特性和稳态性能方面的差异,探讨不同参数对2种槽型干气密封稳态性能的影响规律,揭示衍生槽型的密封机理。结果 衍生槽型的开启力高于经典T形槽,泄漏率也会增加。随着工况参数的升高,2种槽型的稳态性能参数近似线性增加,且差异逐渐增大,最小差异达到6.6%。随着槽深的增加,泄漏率方面的差距在逐渐减小,为扩大衍生槽型的控漏效果,槽深应>5μm。开设有引流槽型结构的衍生槽型稳态性能顺序为发散型>直口型>收敛型,但在文中的工况下,数值差别较小,最大仅为1.2%。结论 相比于经典T形槽,衍生槽型具有更强的动压效应,开启性能明显提升。另外,通过开设不同形式的引流槽可以改变气膜的流动特性和干气密封性能。

新型密封头装置在钢管内壁面清洗上的应用

利用清洗软管及其附带的喷头与毛刷伸入钢管内壁面进行清洗作业具有清洗效果好、生产成本低的特点,但在实际应用中清洗软管以及钢管管头处的密封极易造成清洗液泄露,并且钢管清洗完毕后其内部残存大量的清洗液也无法排出。针对上述问题提出了一种新型的密封头装置,并重点对密封头的结构及工作原理进行了阐述。经过在现场的连续使用,验证了此新型密封头装置工作可靠、密封圈更换频率低,其在工程中有宽广的应用前景。

超临界二氧化碳螺旋槽干气密封热流耦合润滑临界阻塞特性研究

在密封稳定运行的前提下,促成密封端面出口形成阻塞流动以提升气膜开启力、降低端面泄漏不失为干气密封性能优化的有效途径。以超临界二氧化碳(CO_(2))螺旋槽干气密封为研究对象,综合考虑实际气体、离心惯性、湍流和阻塞流效应,采用有限差分法耦合求解压力和温度控制方程,定性研究了热流耦合润滑下的临界阻塞特性(临界阻塞进口压力po_(cir)、临界阻塞转速N_cir、临界阻塞膜厚h0_cir和阻塞临界失稳膜厚hsc)。结果表明:等温流动和绝热流动模型下超临界CO_(2)干气密封端面间隙出口均存在阻塞发生工况区间,进口压力、膜厚、转速对应的阻塞发生区间分别为po>po_(cir)、h0_cir<h0<hsc和N<N_cir;转速升高可以对临界阻塞进口压力和临界阻塞膜厚产生持续增强作用,增大膜厚则会导致临界阻塞压力降低、临界阻塞转速上升,高压进口将使阻塞零刚度对应的膜厚(阻塞临界失稳膜厚hsc)下行;相较于等温流动假设,气膜热效应对超临界CO_(2)干气密封临界阻塞特性参数的影响程度较为显著,且影响规律各有不同。

掺氢天然气干气密封启动特性研究

为评估天然气掺氢对管线压缩机轴端干气密封性能的影响,提出一种考虑阻塞效应的干气密封性能数值预测模型,分析了不同掺氢比下干气密封的静态特性和启动特性。首先,采用空气介质螺旋槽干气密封的气膜压力分布和开启力实验数据,验证了数值模型的可靠性;然后,针对GE PCL800机型天然气管线压缩机螺旋槽干气密封,分析了4种掺氢比(H 2体积分数分别为0、10%、20%、30%)和5种进口压力(4、6、8、10、12 MPa)对干气密封开启力、泄漏量和气膜刚度等静态特性的影响规律;最后,分析了4种掺氢比和5种进口压力下,转速、进口压力、平衡比和弹簧比压对干气密封启动特性的影响规律。研究结果表明:所提出的干气密封性能数值预测模型能够可靠预测高压差下干气密封出口阻塞效应及其对密封性能的影响;掺氢比对干气密封开启力、泄漏量和气膜刚度等密封静态特性影响较小;干气密封开启临界转速随掺氢比的增加而增大(掺氢比增加30%时,开启临界转速增大8.51%~16.90%),因此天然气掺氢增大了干气密封的开启难度,需设计合适的平衡比和弹簧比压以保证干气密封顺利开启。该研究结果可为掺氢条件下天然气管线压缩机轴端干气密封的高效设计和可靠运行提供理论参考。

超临界CO_(2)干气密封热动力学性能研究进展

干气密封技术在超临界二氧化碳(supercritical carbon dioxide,S-CO_(2))布雷顿循环涡轮机械中的应用,以其卓越的密封性能和稳定性,为旋转机械的安全运行提供了保障,并显著改善了轴端密封效果。鉴于密封介质的特殊物性以及高参数化工作环境的要求,在S-CO_(2)干气密封热动力学性能研究过程中涉及复杂的流体润滑理论。本文重点阐述了多重流体效应以及相变特性对S-CO_(2)干气密封性能和流动传热特性的作用机理和影响规律,详细列出了理论研究中常采取的分析模型和求解算法,并综合评述了国内外在理论和试验方面对S-CO_(2)干气密封热动力学性能的研究。在此基础上,结合领域需求和现有先进技术,进一步提出了今后的发展方向,以期为深入开展相关研究提供理论参考,促进干气密封技术在未来能源领域中的广泛应用。

超高速干气密封微织构气膜润滑特性研究

针对航天航空领域,设备超高速、高压运转,干气密封稳定性问题,依据槽型织构优化设计,提出一种槽底微织构螺旋槽干气密封结构,以解决密封在超高速旋转过程中气膜稳定性问题。基于气体润滑理论,建模、划分网格,再导入FLUENT软件对流场进行仿真模拟;改变工况参数和槽型结构参数后,在超高速、高压工况下,相比于普通螺旋槽,槽底微织构螺旋槽干气密封的动压效果有显著提升。结果表明,槽深h_(g)=6μm,膜厚h_(0)=2μm,微织构槽深δ=2μm、微织构槽宽取3.97 mm,微织构槽位于螺旋槽底中间位置时,槽底微织构螺旋槽相比于普通螺旋槽可产生明显的动压效应。

高压干气密封运行故障及应对措施浅析

石油化工领域大型工艺气压缩机轴端密封一般选用干气密封,用密封气流量监控其运行状态。从干气密封故障分析中发现,密封气流量监控很难发现密封运行早期的异常现象。这些异常现象发展到后期,往往会引起突发故障,造成机组停机,给生产带来较大损失。文章通过对几起干气密封的故障进行分析,发现一次密封气带液和C形圈断裂是导致故障发生的主要原因,而一次密封气带液又加速了C形圈断裂。通过增设干气密封一次气注入温度、排气温度状态监测,加强密封一次气露点管理,可较早发现干气密封运行异常,以便提前进行调整,保证干气密封在寿命周期内可靠运行。

某合成气压缩机干气密封失效分析及改造措施

简述了某合成氨装置合成气压缩机干气密封失效过程,对失效原因进行了全面的分析,并提供了详细的解决方案和可供借鉴的工程经验。

催化裂化装置富气压缩机干气密封优化改造

陕西延长石油(集团)延安炼油厂100万t/a催化裂化装置富气压缩机所采用的串联式干气密封系统在运行过程中故障率高,不能适应设备运行要求,通过将串联式改造为双端面式型干气密封,提高干气密封效果,提高了设备运行可靠率。

压缩机干气密封泄漏分析与处理经验

某化工装置运行中,压缩机机组运行监控曲线出现异常,引发干气密封系统泄漏量报警和主密封气差压下降情况,需要紧急处理但又不具备大修条件。通过分析干气密封结构和密封流程,结合压缩机运行曲线特征,对故障进行了预判,制定了加装漏气检测设备和增加一路密封气从而保证干气密封主密封气供应量的方案。改进实施后,压缩机得以继续平稳运行超过600 d,最终安全接受装置计划停机检修,避免了压缩机停车,保证装置整体平稳运行。

乙烯装置离心压缩机干气密封盘螺柱断裂原因

某乙烯装置离心压缩机干气密封盘螺柱发生断裂,采用宏观观察、化学成分分析、金相检验、硬度测试、扫描电镜和能谱分析等方法对螺柱断裂原因进行分析。结果表明:304不锈钢螺柱的碳元素含量高,在高温服役过程中材料发生敏化,螺柱的耐腐蚀性降低;含水的腐蚀性介质进入对接法兰之间的缝隙,并接触到发生敏化的双头螺柱中部的光杆位置,造成材料表面局部发生微小腐蚀,在螺柱紧固应力的共同作用下,应力腐蚀裂纹自腐蚀位置起裂并沿径向沿晶扩展,最终导致螺柱断裂。

横纵有序微纹理设计的干气密封T型槽微纹理变量分析

为探究有序微纹理设计对干气密封T型槽动压效果的影响,基于气膜润滑原理,采用有限差分法,研究了微纹理排列间距、微纹理长度、T型槽基底长宽增幅、微纹理梯度倾斜角度等有序微纹理变量对密封参数的影响,并对四种微纹理的设计变量进行了对比。结果表明,T型槽的微纹理变量与T型槽的结构参数一样能改变槽的动压效应,但不改变干气密封槽型的动力学规律;微纹理变量对干气密封T型槽开启力的影响按微纹理梯度倾斜角度>微纹理排列间距>微纹理长宽>T型槽基底长宽增幅的顺序减小;对泄漏量的影响按微纹理长宽>微纹理排列间距>T型槽基底长宽增幅>微纹理梯度倾斜角度的顺序减小。研究结果对双向旋转式端面气膜密封的优化和设计具有一定的借鉴作用。

催化气压机干气密封改造后应用分析

早期催化气压机密封多为浮环密封,存在可靠性低、油消耗量大的问题,目前已逐渐被性能更加可靠、清洁的干气密封所取代。机组改造成干气密封后仍存在干气密封失效的可能性。对各种可能失效原因进行分析,提出相应应对措施,提高改造后干气密封运行的可靠性,对其他有改造需求的机组有借鉴意义。

循环氢压缩机干气密封带液现象分析及应对措施

干气密封带液现象是在加氢装置循环氢压缩机中经常出现的故障之一。这一现象已经成为制约循环氢压缩机长周期稳定运行的重要因素。由于干气密封系统的昂贵价格以及循环氢压缩机在加氢装置中的关键性,减少和避免带液现象对于保护干气密封尤为关键。文章旨在通过对带液故障产生原因的详细分析,提出能够改善此类问题的一些解决方案。文章将分析加氢装置中的工艺条件和操作参数,探究带液现象的根本原因。在此基础上,针对不同的原因,提出了相对应的一系列应对措施,通过采取这些措施可以有效地减少和控制带液现象,保护干气密封的完整性和稳定性。

煤层气压缩机干气密封端面特性研究

为了解决煤层气从压缩机组轴端泄漏的问题,在国内外研究现状的基础上,对螺旋槽干气密封原理进行分析,建立干气密封模型,并对干气密封端面气膜性能进行分析,使用数值模拟找出了影响密封性能的内外参数,使用控制变量法寻找相关参数最佳范围,最终通过模拟结果对煤层气压缩机干气密封提出优化理论。