Effect of Different Nitrogen Application Amount on the Net Increment of Fresh Dry Weight in Hybrid Rape

[ Objective] The aim of the research was to provide reference for reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer for high yield.cultivation of hybrid rape cuhivar Youyan 9 and Youyan 10. [ Method] The net increment changes of individual plant fresh weight and dry matter weight of Youyan 9 and Youyan 10 with different nitrogen application treatments were studied. [ Result] The differences among average fresh weight increments of individual plant and average dry matter weight increment of individual plant with different treatments reached 0. 01 extremely significant level. Fresh weight increment and dry matter weight net increment of individual plant declined gradually with the increase of nitrogen application. In growtheourse ,fresh weight net increment of individual plant increased firstly then decreased and the maximum was in beginning flowering stage, besides that dry matter net increment increased gradually and the maximum was in mature period. The correlations among fresh net increment, dry matter weight net increment and yield net increment were positive or extremely positive. [ Conclusion] Under experimental condition, when nitrogen application was 225 kg/hm^2, hybrid rape Yanyou 9 and Yanyou 10 with low erucic,low glucosinolate could obtain high yield.

Dynamic of Root Dry Weight of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge

ObjectiveThis study was to investigate the dynamic of root dry weight of Salvia miltiorrhiza to provide a basis for optimal management in field cultivation. MethodThe Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge seedlings were transplanted at three different dates November 26, 2009 （T 1 ）, March 9, 2010（T 2 ） and March 27, 2010（T 3 ）, and at three different densities 20 cm × 25 cm （D 1 ）, 25 cm × 25 cm （D 2 ）, 25 cm × 30 cm （D 3 ）. So a total of nine treatments were finally set. The samples were collected regularly for measuring the root dry weight and plotting the dynamic curves. Normalized root weight was fitted with CURVE EXPERT 1.3. ResultLogistic equation was the most superior equation, and estimated respectively two inflection points and length of fast growing time of S. miltiorrhiza. ConclusionThe fast-growing time of S. miltiorrhiza root was in 1 900 ℃·d to 2 200 ℃·d GDD.

Improvement of Cardiac Function by Dry Weight Optimization Based on Interdialysis Inferior Vena Caval Diameter (1)

In hemodialysis (HD) patients, the diameter of the inferior vena cava (IVC) serves for evaluation of the amount of body fluid.

The Inferior Vena Cava Diameter as a Marker of Dry Weight in Chronic Hemodialyzed Patients

We have previously reported that the diameter of the inferior vena cava(IVC) reflects the amount of body fluid in hemodialyzed (HD) patients. The present study was undertaken to depict the criteria of IVC diameters for determining dry weight (DW) in anuric HD patients. In healthy subjects, the maximal diameters during quiet expiration (IVCe) and the minimal diameters during quiet inspiration (IVCi) were (16.7±3.2) and (5.7±5.4)mm,respectively (mean±SD).The collapsibility index (CI,1-IVCi/IVCe), which inversely correlates with the central venous pressure,was 0.68±0.29. In anuric HD patients,the IVCe/CI values before and after HD were 14.9±3.2/0.68±0.24 and 8.2±2.3/0.94±0.09, respectively. IVCe decreased proportionally to the amount of ultrafiltration. In HD patients with hypervolemic pulmonary edema, the IVCe and CI values were 22.4±2.9 and 0.22±0.11, respectively. We proposed that IVCe/CI after HD is (8±3)mm/0.9 ± 0.1 as the markers of DW in anuric HD patients and that an IVCe value≥22mm together with a CI≤0.22 implies the warning level of body fluid retention.

The Effect of Salinity on Growth, Dry Weight and Lipid Content of the Mixed Microalgae Culture Isolated from Glagah as Biodiesel Substrate

Microalgae use photosynthesis to convert solar energy into chemical energy, such as lipid and they can be a replacement for oil-based fuels. They are among the fastest growing plants in the world, and about 50% of their weight is oil. This lipid oil can be used to make biodiesel. Unfortunately, there are only some of potential strains isolated from Indonesia and most of the biodiesel productions are usually using a single strain. Then, although they are rich of oils, their biomass productivity is still low. Salinity treatment can be used to increase their biomass as well as their lipid content. Therefore, the research aim was to study the effect of salinity on the growth, dry weight and lipid content of mixed microalgae isolated from Glagah, Yogyakarta. The mixed microalgae were cultured in 3NBBM medium with different salinities or types of water （sea water, brackish water, and fresh water）. The cultures were incubated at light intensity 3,000 lux under dark：light exposure of 12：12 h for 7 days. The number of cells was counted every 24 h with a Haemocytometer, and the biomass was calculated based on the dry weight. The lipid content was measured on days 0, 3, and 7 using NR （Nile Red） staining, and then the amount of lipid was analyzed using a fluorescence microscope and measured with CellProfiler 2.0 software. The highest dry weight and lipid content were found in seawater medium, they accounted for 3.42 mg/mL and 13.58% at day 7, respectively. Whereas, the highest number of cells was found in freshwater medium, this was 9.8 × 10^6 cells/mL.

Utility of the Inferior Vena Cava Diameter as a Marker of Dry Weight in Nonoliguric Hemodialyzed Patients

We have previously reported that the maximal inferior vena cava(IVC) diameter during quiet expiration(IVCe) measured by ultrasonography correlates well with the amount of body fluid, especially the circulating blood volume[1] and proposed using the criteria of IVC diameter to determine dry weight(DW) in anuric hemodialyzed (HD) patients: standard IVCe of pre-and post-HD are (14.9±0.4) and (8.2±0.3) mm, respectively[2]. However, the same post-HD IVC criterion should not be applied to nonoliguric HD patients because it could result in rapid deterioration of residual renal function due to forced dehydration. Although the biochemical DW marker plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is useful to evaluate hypervolemia but not hypovolemia,both hyper-and hypovolemia can be detected by IVC measurement.……

The Inferior Vena Cava Diameter as a Marker of Dry Weight in Chronic Hemodialyzed Patients(续)

The IVC diameters in HD patients Since BW and stature as well as gender and age were not considered to be determinant factors of the IVC diameters, these factors were not accounted for in evaluating the IVC diameters in HD patients. The IVC diameters of stable anuric HD patients are shown in Table 2. In agreement with our previous observation [7-9] ,the reduction of BW from (51.7±12.6) to (49.3±12.6)kg by ultrafiltration during HD resulted in a significant (P<0.0001)reduction of the IVCe and IVCi from (14.9 ± 3.2) to (6.8±1.9)mm and (5.2±4.2) to (0.1±0.3) mm,respectively. Thus,CI values before and at the end of HD were calculated as (0.68±0.24) and (0.98±0. 05), respectively (P<0.0001). ……

Effect of On-Line Hemodiafiltration on Dry Weight Adjustment in Intradialytic Hypotension-Prone Patients: Comparative Study of Conventional Hemodialysis and On-Line Hemodiafiltration

Introduction: Correct adjustment of dry weight after hemodialysis (HD) with no signs of hypervolemia is important. Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is the most common complication during HD. IDH occurs in 15% to 30% and possibly in up to 50% of dialysis sessions. IDH augments mortality essentially due to chronic overhydration and the inability to reach the proper dry weight. On-line hemodiafiltration (ol-HDF) has been reported to reduce the frequency of IDH. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ol-HDF on hemodynamic stability and dry weight adjustment compared with low-flux HD. Methods: IDH-prone HD patients at our center were enrolled. This study was designed as a crossover trial with two phases (A arm: low-flux HD for 8 weeks followed by ol-HDF for 8 weeks vs. B arm: ol-HDF for 8 weeks followed by low-flux HD for 8 weeks) and two treatment arms (ol-HDF vs. low-flux HD), each phase lasting 8 weeks. We measured the proportion of body water using a body composition monitor (BCM). Results: In a comparison of the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) reductions from the baseline blood pressure between the HD and ol-HDF groups, statistically significant differences were observed only in the SBP of the B arm (SBP: HD vs. HDF, -9.83 ± 6.64 vs. -4.62 ± 1.61 mmHg, p = 0.036;DBP: HD vs. HDF, -3.29 ± 4.05 vs. -1.86 ± 1.49 mmHg, p = 0.261). Neither the mean of the interdialytic body weight gains nor the frequency of IDH was different between the A and B arms (p = 0.817 and p = 0.562, respectively). In terms of dialysis modality, there were no significant differences in the amount of overhydration between the conventional HD and ol-HDF groups during the two study phases, as measured by the BCM (A arm: p = 0.875, B arm: p = 0.655). Conclusion: Our study did not show a better benefit of ol-HDF to reach the dry weight compared with low-flux HD in IDH-prone patients.

Research on a Rapid Test Method of Dry Basis Weight of Paper-process Reconstituted Tobacco

This study aimed to optimize the rapid test factors of dry basis weight of reconstituted tobacco, in order to afford a reference test method for companies which produce reconstituted tobacco to better control the basis weight and coating ratio on line. The dry basis weight of reconstituted tobacco was tested by fast method and normal oven method individually. And the effects on the test values of different test factors such as temperature, time and the number of baking sheets were studied. Then the test values of these two methods were compared, so the proper factors of rapid test method were determined. As the baking temperature rose from 130 ℃ to 150 ℃, and the baking time rose from 1 min to 2 min, the difference between fast test method and normal oven method grew, and when the number of baking pieces rose from 3 pieces to 5 pieces, the difference between the two methods went down. The optimum test condition was baking temperature of 130 ℃, baking time of 1 min, and baking sample sheet number of 5. Under this condition, the value of fast test method was the closest to the test value of normal oven method, and meanwhile, the test factor was more proper for testing on line. The study will provide a reference for online controlling of dry basis weight and coating ratio of reconstituted tobacco.

肺超声技术在血液透析患者容量评估中的临床应用

目的探讨肺超声B线在血液透析患者容量状态评估中的应用价值。方法选取2022年1月至2023年6月该院透析中心93例维持性血液透析患者,使用超声分别测量透析前后B线数量、下腔静脉直径(IVCD),比较透析前后两者的变化,并分析透析前后B线数量与IVCD的相关性。同时选取其中62例合并高血压患者,分别采用传统临床评估法和肺超声B线评估法以调整透析干体重,比较2组患者透析后B线数量、干体重下降程度、血压、透析低血压发生率的差异。结果透析后B线数量及IVCD、体重均低于透析前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);透析前B线数量与IVCD呈正相关(r=0.536,P<0.05)。相比传统评估组,肺超声B线组患者的血压下降程度、干体重下降幅度更大,透析低血压发生率更低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在血液透析患者中,应用肺超声B线检测进行容量评估具有较好的临床价值。

冀北坝上大豆结瘤相关性状全基因组关联分析

【目的】挖掘适应坝上生态条件的高效结瘤大豆种质,鉴定调控大豆-根瘤菌共生结瘤的遗传位点和候选基因,提高大豆共生固氮效率。【方法】以包含260份大豆种质的自然群体为研究对象,在河北坝上室外盆栽条件下接种根瘤菌菌株USDA110。以单株根瘤数量、单株根瘤干重数值作为表型数据,结合大豆260份种质基因型数据,对其进行全基因组关联分析,挖掘大豆共生结瘤相关基因。【结果】共检测到18个与大豆根瘤数量显著关联的SNP,分别位于第2、7、8、13、18和19染色体上。其中,位于第2染色体上的显著关联位点BARC_2.01_Chr02_43161654_A_G是控制大豆根瘤数量的主效位点(LOD=3.89),对该位点上下游共200 kb区间进行连锁不平衡分析,在包含BARC_2.01_Chr02_43161654_A_G的连锁区间内,共获得10个调控大豆根瘤数量候选基因,通过单倍型分析发现,Glyma.02G243200不同单倍型所对应的材料之间的根瘤数量具有显著差异(P<0.05),在SoyBase数据库中查询该基因的表达模式发现,Glyma.02G243200在根毛中表达。该基因可能是影响大豆根瘤数量的关键基因。共检测到6个与大豆根瘤干重显著关联的SNP,分别位于第6、18和20染色体上。其中,位于第6染色体上的显著关联位点BARC_2.01_Chr06_6069381_G_A和BARC_2.01_Chr06_6192925_T_C是控制大豆根瘤干重的主效位点(LOD=3.49和LOD=3.35),对BARC_2.01_Chr06_6069381_G_A上游100 kb和BARC_2.01_Chr06_6192925_T_C下游100 kb区间进行连锁不平衡分析,获得14个调控大豆根瘤干重候选基因,并进行单倍型分析。其中,Glyma.06G079600和Glyma.06G079900不同单倍型所对应的材料之间的根瘤干重具有显著差异(P<0.01,P<0.001),在SoyBase数据库中查询这两个基因的表达模式发现,Glyma.06G079600和Glyma.06G079900在根中表达。这两个基因可能是影响大豆根瘤干重的关键基因。【结论】在第2染色体上发现一个与根瘤数量显著相关的候选基因,在第6染色体上发现2个与根瘤干重显著相关的候选基因。

干燥方式对红托竹荪品质特性和微观结构的影响

以新鲜红托竹荪为原料,研究传统煤火干燥(Coal Fire Drying,CFD)、空气源热泵干燥(Air Source Heap Pump Drying,ASHPD)、真空微波-电热鼓风组合干燥(Microwave Vacuum Drying in Combination with Forced Air Drying,MVD+FAD)和真空冷冻干燥(Vacuum Freeze Drying,VFD)四种干燥方式对其外形、色泽、营养成分、氨基酸组成和含量、质构特性和微观结构的影响。结果表明:VFD可以最大限度地保持竹荪菌柄和菌裙外形,其蛋白质、粗纤维和总氨基酸含量最高,色泽与鲜品最接近(ΔE=3.60);ASHPD制备的竹荪菌柄和菌裙外形保持较好,脂肪含量最高,蛋白质保留效果较好。竹荪的鲜甜味/苦味的值为VFD组(4.99%)>MVD+FAD组(4.66%)>ASHPD组(4.50%)>CFD组(4.37%)。VFD制备的竹荪组织结构较脆,组织内部结合力较小,与鲜品相似,而另三种干燥方式制备的竹荪内部结合力较大,抵抗受损能力较强,吞咽前需要更多的能量才能嚼碎。此外,VFD和ASHPD制备竹荪的细胞状结构明显,VFD更好的保持了竹荪原有的细胞状结构。干燥方式的综合评价结果为VFD>MVD+FAD>ASHPD>CFD。综上,VFD为红托竹荪较理想的干燥方式,但其应用成本较高;在实际生产中,ASHPD是比较有推广价值的干燥方式。

增温对杉木凋落叶和宿存叶分解过程养分释放的影响——基于移位试验模拟

凋落物分解是森林生态系统养分循环的重要组成部分,为探究气温变化对杉木枯死叶片分解的影响,以杉木人工林的凋落叶和宿存叶为研究对象,采用分解网袋法,利用武夷山气温垂直分布特征,选择了620 m、1003 m、1410 m和1948 m四个海拔气温梯度,采用异地移位试验模拟增温对杉木凋落叶和宿存叶分解速率及分解过程中N、P、Mg、Ca元素释放的影响。结果表明:(1)凋落叶和宿存叶的干重残留率随分解时间的延长呈下降趋势,且在不同海拔气温下存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中凋落叶的分解速率(K)表现为K_(620 m)>K_(1003 m)>K_(1410 m)>K_(1948 m),宿存叶则表现为K_(1003 m)>K_(620 m)>K_(1410 m)>K_(1948 m)。增温缩短了凋落叶和宿存叶的半衰期和周转期。(2)增温显著影响凋落叶和宿存叶的N、P、Mg、Ca残留率(P<0.05),二者整体均表现为在T620 m下具有较低的养分残留率,而在300—360 d分解时段,宿存叶在T620 m下具有较高的P残留率。增温并未改变凋落叶和宿存叶P、Mg、Ca素的释放模式,但改变了宿存叶N素的释放模式。(3)凋落叶和宿存叶的干重残留率与N残留率呈极显著正相关(P<0.001),与P残留率呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。相较于N、P而言,Mg、Ca残留率与干重残留率间的相关性较弱。气温升高显著加快了凋落叶和宿存叶的质量损失速率及养分释放速率,促进杉木人工林生态系统的养分物质循环。研究结果为全面了解杉木枯死叶片分解过程中养分释放对气候变暖的响应机制提供科学依据。

番茄苗期根际加温对其生长及水分吸收的影响

[目的]本文旨在明确适宜的番茄根际加温温度,为北方早春玻璃温室中番茄苗期根际温度调控提供理论和方法依据,缓解低温环境对番茄生长的危害。[方法]在玻璃温室高架岩棉栽培条件下,采用控温加热带对番茄根际进行加温,并设置3个处理即根际不加温(CK)、根际加温至20℃(T20)、根际加温至25℃(T25),研究不同根际加温条件对早春苗期番茄生长、光合、干物质积累和水分吸收等的影响。[结果]根际加温可显著促进番茄株高、茎粗、叶片数的增加,不同时期处理T20比CK株高提高13.6%~17.0%,茎粗提高10.3%~14.3%,叶片数增加3.4%~12.5%;处理T25比CK株高提高7.2%~9.7%,茎粗提高7.7%~15.6%,叶片数增加0%~15.6%;定植后10 d,番茄净光合速率随根际温度呈先升高后降低的趋势,定植后20 d和定植后30 d,番茄净光合速率随根际温度升高而升高;根际加温促进了番茄对水分的吸收,促进了番茄茎、叶干物质积累,提早开花时间,其中处理T20比CK地上部总干重增加79.3%~85.4%,开花提早5 d,处理T25比CK地上部总干重增加29.2%~72.4%,提早开花时间3 d。[结论]T20处理番茄株高和茎粗最大、积累干物质总量最多、开花时间最早,即20℃是早春苗期番茄较为适宜的根际加温温度。

不同土壤改良方式对广东菜心根肿病防治效果的初步研究

以广东菜心为试材,在种植前和苗期向土壤中施用不同土壤改良剂或复合微生物肥料,测定不同土壤改良方式对广东菜心根肿病的发病率、防治效果、鲜重和干重以及土壤理化性质的影响,以期筛选出适宜根肿病防治的土壤改良方式,减少根肿病对十字花科蔬菜的危害。结果表明:以复合微生物肥料、全水溶肥料、生物促生剂、尿素及硫酸钾为基肥,并追施有机全营养水溶肥和生物促生剂(T3处理)的广东菜心鲜重和干重最高,且其对根肿病的控制效果最好,45 d时防治效果为58.92%。不同处理的土壤pH和有效磷含量均不同程度降低,土壤全氮、碱解氮、速效钾、交换性钙含量均不同程度增加。相关性分析表明,广东菜心根肿病病情指数与广东菜心鲜重呈极显著正相关,与土壤pH呈显著正相关。

林下仿野生栽培和设施栽培金线莲生物量及药用成分含量变化研究

以金线莲Anoectochilus roxburghii组培苗为对照,研究仿野生栽培和温室大棚设施栽培3年内金线莲中可溶性多糖和黄酮药用成分含量的变化以及鲜质量与干质量的变化。结果表明:栽培1年后,林下仿野生栽培金线莲可溶性多糖和黄酮含量均高于大棚设施栽培金线莲的含量,且随着栽培年份的增加两种成分的含量均呈下降趋势。栽培3年,设施栽培金线莲植株的鲜质量积累高于林下仿野生栽培金线莲植株;林下仿野生栽培和设施栽培金线莲的干质量含量(干质量/鲜质量)均随时间增加呈现逐渐上升趋势,但林下仿野生栽培金线莲的干质量含量高于设施栽培。综合以上研究结果表明,以金线莲药用成分及天然产物提取为主要目标,推荐林下仿野生栽培1年生金线莲;以鲜生物量为目标,推荐设施栽培金线莲;以干生物量为目标,则推荐林下仿野生栽培方式。

施氮量对蚕豆养分利用效率的影响

通过盆栽试验,设置3个施氮水平,以不施氮肥为CK,在不同生长时期,测定蚕豆干物质累积、根长,计算养分利用效率。结果表明:与花期和结荚期相比,收获期蚕豆干物质分别增加180%~480%。花期和结荚期,与T_(1)相比,T_(2)和T_(3)施肥量蚕豆根长增加了30.64%、24.19%;21.32%、27.88%,T_(2)和T_(3)之间差异不显著。收获期,与CK相比3个施氮水平下,蚕豆养分阶段累积量分别增加33.01%~74.85%,T_(1)和T_(2)之间差异不显著。与幼苗期相比,3个氮水平下,蚕豆收获期养分吸收效率分别减少48.61%~63.54%。同一生育期内,与CK相比T_(3)氮肥利用效率分别增加4.76%~20.74%,CK与T_(1)、T_(2)之间差异不显著。随施氮量增加,蚕豆氮肥偏生产力、氮肥利用效率增加,蚕豆收获指数相差不明显。总之,施氮量影响蚕豆生长和养分利用,但并不影响收获指数,过量施氮对蚕豆养分吸收利用也无明显促进作用。

基于响应面法的南瓜热风-真空联合干燥工艺参数优化

为了研究南瓜最佳联合干燥工艺参数,在单因素试验的基础上,设计Box-Benhnken响应面优化试验,以热风风速1.5 m/s,热风温度(55、60及65℃)、转换点含水率(30%、40%及50%)和真空温度(55、60及65℃)为试验因素,以单位能耗、复水比和色差为评价指标,并采用熵权法结合加权评分法确定综合指标进行回归分析。结果表明:南瓜热风-真空联合干燥的最优工艺参数为热风温度60.652℃、转换点含水率46.758%、真空温度58.364℃,在此条件下所得到的响应综合指标值为0.861071,对应的单位能耗、复水比和色差的优化值分别是29.287(kW·h)/kg、3.461 g/g和12.182。验证试验表明,单位能耗、复水比和色差验证试验值和响应面优化值的平均相对误差分别为3.23%、4.29%和7.54%,说明响应面优化结果较好,可以作为南瓜热风-真空联合干燥的工艺参数参考。

基于遗传算法的南瓜联合干燥工艺优化

[目的]优化南瓜热风—真空联合干燥最佳工艺参数。[方法]对南瓜进行热风干燥、真空干燥及热风—真空联合干燥试验,以单位能耗、复水比及色差为评价指标,对比其干燥特性,以BP神经网络模型结合遗传算法,基于熵权结合加权评分法对南瓜热风—真空联合干燥进行多目标综合优化。[结果]同等条件下,热风干燥效率最高;当干燥温度为55℃,含水率转换点为30%时,联合干燥时间比真空干燥缩短了52.63%;真空干燥单位能耗最低;热风干燥的复水性能最差;真空干燥的色泽最好;结合BP神经网络模型的遗传算法得到最优干燥参数为热风干燥温度65℃,转换点含水率50%,真空干燥温度56.0509℃,此时单位能耗、复水比和色差值与验证实验值的平均相对误差分别为2.5%,5.53%,4.84%,均<6%。[结论]南瓜热风—真空联合干燥兼具热风干燥和真空干燥的优点,且结合BP神经网络遗传算法模型可以优化其工艺参数。