An aqueous BiI_(3)-Zn battery with dual mechanisms of Zn^(2+)(de)intercalation and I^(-)/I_(2)redox

The development of aqueous battery with dual mechanisms is now arousing more and more interest.The dual mechanisms of Zn^(2+)(de)intercalation and I^(-)/I_(2)redox bring unexpected effects.Herein,differing from previous studies using Zn I_(2)additive,this work designs an aqueous Bi I_(3)-Zn battery with selfsupplied I^(-).Ex situ tests reveal the conversion of Bi I_(3)into Bi(discharge)and Bi OI(charge)at the 1st cycle and the dissolved I^(-)in electrolyte.The active I^(-)species enhances the specific capacity and discharge medium voltage of electrode as well as improves the generation of Zn dendrite and by-product.Furthermore,the porous hard carbon is introduced to enhance the electronic/ionic conductivity and adsorb iodine species,proven by experimental and theoretical studies.Accordingly,the well-designed Bi I_(3)-Zn battery delivers a high reversible capacity of 182 m A h g^(-1)at 0.2 A g^(-1),an excellent rate capability with 88 m A h g^(-1)at 10 A g^(-1),and an impressive cyclability with 63%capacity retention over 20 K cycles at 10 A g^(-1).An excellent electrochemical performance is obtained even at a high mass loading of 6 mg cm^(-2).Moreover,a flexible quasi-solid-state Bi I_(3)-Zn battery exhibits satisfactory battery performances.This work provides a new idea for designing high-performance aqueous battery with dual mechanisms.

Dual-doping for enhancing chemical stability of functional anionic units in sulfide for high-performance all-solid-state lithium batteries

The sulfide-based solid-state electrolytes(SEs)reactivity toward moisture and Li-metal are huge barriers that impede their large-scale manufactu ring and applications in all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs).Herein,we proposed an Al and O dual-doped strategy for Li_(3)PS_(4)SE to regulate the chemical/electrochemical stability of anionic PS_(4)^(3-)tetrahedra to mitigate structural hydrolysis and parasitic reactions at the SE/Li interface.The optimized Li_(3.08)A_(10.04)P_(0.96)S_(3.92)O_(0.08)SE presents the highestσLi+of 3.27 mS cm^(-1),which is~6.8 times higher than the pristine Li_(3)PS_(4)and excellently inhibits the structural hydrolysis for~25 min@25%humidity at RT.DFT calculations confirmed that the enhanced chemical stability was revealed to the intrinsically stable entities,e.g.,POS33-units.Moreover,Li_(3.08)Al_(0.04)P_(0.96)S_(3.92)O_(0.08)SE cycled stably in Li//Li symmetric cell over 1000 h@0.1 mA cm^(-2)/0.1 mA h cm^(-2),could be revealed to Li-Al alloy and Li_(2)Oat SE/Li interface impeding the growth of Li-dendrites during cycling.Resultantly,LNO@LCO/Li_(3.08)Al_(0.04)P_(0.96)S_(3.92)O_(0.08)/Li-In cell delivered initial discharge capacities of 129.8 mA h g^(-1)and 83.74%capacity retention over 300 cycles@0.2 C at RT.Moreover,the Li_(3.08)Al_(0.04)P_(0.96)S_(3.92)O_(0.08)SE presented>90%capacity retention over 200 and 300 cycles when the cell was tested with LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O_(2)(NCA)cathode material vs.5 and 10 mg cm^(-2)@RT.

Design of Multi-domain Collaborative Simulation System for Dual Clutch Transmission Based on CAN Bus

A multi-domain collaborative simulation(MDCS) system for dual clutch transmission(DCT) was presented based on controller area network(CAN) bus.An interface card of CAN bus was designed,in which MDCS subsystems were linked as the nodes according to the interface mode of MDCS.A DCT simulation model was established based on Matlab/Simdriveline,whose running process was accurately controlled by the designed control system.The playback system of vehicle state(VPS) was proposed whose input was the road-test data,with a real vehicle test environment for the development of transmission control unit(TCU) being provided.A DCT kinematic system model was set up,and the running status of DCT parts could be displayed in real time.The functions of MDCS were verified based on the extra-urban driving cycle(EUDC) and the vehicle road-test data respectively.The results show the functions of MDCS are accomplished,and the unified supporting platform for the development of TCU is achieved by MDCS.

P2.5-PHPS发动机至混合驱动模式切换过程动态协调控制研究

搭载双离合变速器的P2.5插电式混合动力系统传动效率高,换挡和模式切换过程无动力中断,应用前景广阔,但其模式切换过程由于发动机与电机的扭矩响应特性存在差异,扭矩波动明显,影响驾乘体验。针对上述问题,提出一种发动机驱动至混合驱动模式切换的协调控制策略,以搭载双离合变速器的P2.5插电式混合动力系统为研究对象,对其发动机至混合驱动模式切换过程进行分析,依据分析结果将系统模式切换过程划分为4个阶段。在此基础上,基于PID反馈原理控制动力源的实际输出转矩并通过控制加速踏板开度变化率限制发动机的扭矩变化率,利用驱动电机扭矩快速响应的优势补偿发动机扭矩响应滞后来降低输出扭矩波动,制定模式切换过程多阶段双动力源扭矩协调控制策略。搭建基于P2.5插电式混合动力系统的发动机至混合驱动模式切换动态协调控制仿真模型。仿真结果表明,模式切换过程无动态协调控制策略的最大冲击度约7.1 m/s^(3),策略下最大冲击度约1.78 m/s^(3),减小74.9%,表明所提出的控制策略能有效减小模式切换过程冲击度,提高整车平顺性。

Simulation study on starting of dual clutch transmission for tracked vehicles

In order to study the application of dual clutch transmission （DCT） on tracked vehicles, a simulation moclel and two control methods were performed for starting analysis. Based on a certain transmission of an existing tracked vehicle, a DCT structure was proposed. Matlab/Simulink was a dopted as a platform to develop the simulation model. The engine speed was controlled to follow the target speed as a launch strategy. Two control methods, a proportional integral derivative （ PID ） control method and a fuzzy control method, were proposed to control the engine throttle and oil pressure in order to track the target engine speed. Simulation results show that either the PID control or fuzzy control method can improve the starting performance compared with no loop control meth od. Fuzzy control method can lead a better starting quality compared with PID control method.

Developing Additive Technology for Wet Dual Clutch Transmissions

Wet dual clutch transmissions(W-DCTs) show overall benefits including excellent fuel efficiency,wide torque capacity range,long durability,driving comfort and sportiness.Many breakthroughs have been made to further improve the fuel efficiency by design innovations and introductions of new hardware.Each W-DCT has its unique design and hardware.It demands the lubricant to provide excellent wet clutch friction performance and anti-shudder friction durability,good synchronizer friction performance and durability,high load-carrying ability,excellent bearing performance,strong anti-corrosion performance,high thermal and oxidative stability,excellent material compatibility,etc.Particularly,the requirement of the wet clutch friction performance in W-DCT is much more severe than conventional ATFs and CVTFs.We report here our latest W-DCTF technologies developed for different W-DCT applications.DCTF-1 was optimized for a two-sump W-DCT application with the clutch lining material of friction material A(FM-A).DCTF-1 shows high and stable dynamic friction,static friction,particularly,high quasi-static friction without any shudder tendency in GK tests.DCTF-2 was designed for a one-sump W-DCT application with the same clutch lining material of FM-A.DCTF-2 completes 42,000 cycles of the severe GTI chassis dynamometer vehicle test without any issues,which is comparable to the factory fill fluid DCTF-FF.DCTF-3 was developed for a one-sump W-DCT application with a different clutch lining material of FM-B.DCTF-3 shows high and stable dynamic friction in the severe newly developed SAE DCT test procedure.DCTF-3 also gives excellent LVFA durability of over 720 h in the JASO M349 test procedure on FM-B.

Zero steady-states electrical energy consumption clutch system

A new clutch configuration with dual diaphragm spring is proposed. It is proper designed for electric and hybrid powertrain system. With this design, the clutch engagement is controlled by current in electrornagnet coil. For special characteristic of dual diaphragm spring, the clutch does not consume energy in steady state after engaging or disengaging. To validate the feasibility of this design, author builds the mathematical model and imports it into MATLAB Simulink. The simulation shows the behavior of clutch in different control strategies.

Bis(1-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)-4-phenylthiose micarbaznato)palladium(Ⅱ):Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Its Dual Fluorescence Property

The title compound bis（1-（4-（dimethylamino）benzylidene）-4-phenylthiosemicar-bazato）-palladium（Ⅱ）（PdL2） was obtained by reacting 1-（4-（dimethylamino）benzylidene）-4-phenyl-thiosemicarbazide with dichlorobis（benzonitrile）palladium（Ⅱ） in methanol,and its structure was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The crystal of PdL2 was obtained in dimethyl-formamide（DMF） solvent with solvent molecules involved in the cell and crystallizes in the monoclinic system,space group C2 with a = 18.485（15）,b = 7.090（5）,c = 17.595（11） ,β = 121.21（3）o,V = 1972（2） 3,Z = 2,Mr = 847.40,Dc = 1.427 g/cm3,μ = 0.624 mm-1,F（000） = 880,R = 0.0607 and wR = 0.1358.The Pd atom adopts a distorted square planar coordination geometry with two Pd-N and two Pd-S bonds.The ligand loses a proton from its tautomeric thiol form and coordinates to the Pd atom via mercapto sulfur and the imine nitrogen atom,which binds to palladium as bidentate N,S-donors forming five-membered chelate rings.The complex formed hydrogen bonding interaction with solvent DMF molecules from the hydrogen of phenylamine to the oxygen of DMF and several intramolecular hydrogen bonds.Pd（Ⅱ） perturbed ligand π-π＊ transition and metal-to-ligand charge transfer（MLCT） transition are observed in its electronic absorption spectra.The complex exhibits intraligand 1π-π＊（IL） state and MLCT state dual fluorescent emissions in organic solvent at room temperature.

2D Coupled 3D:A New Numerical Model for Dual - Structured - Aquifer System

This paper points out that a successful numerical simulation is to construct a correct conceptional model which is very dose to the natural condition. A new model, two dimensional coupled three dimensional model (2D -3D ) is presented in the Present paper,which is the most suitable one for the dual - structured - aquifer system. An example of Wenyinghu area is shown.By using the 2D-3D model, a satisfied result of the simulated area is achieved.

考虑离合器摩擦性能衰减的湿式DCT车辆起步控制研究

建立了考虑离合器摩擦系数变化及离合器性能衰减的湿式双离合变速器(dual clutch transmission,DCT)车辆起步过程动力学模型,以车辆起步过程冲击度、滑摩功和起步滑摩时间为优化目标,采用线性二次型最优控制方法获得了车辆起步过程离合器最优传递转矩。针对离合器摩擦系数变化及离合器性能衰减对车辆起步过程离合器压力控制的影响,提出了一种离合器压力非线性鲁棒控制策略,以实现对离合器最优传递转矩的跟踪。结果表明,所提出的非线性鲁棒控制策略能够在离合器摩擦系数变化的情况下实现对离合器最优传递转矩的有效跟踪,跟踪误差不大于0.02 N·m,且能够适应摩擦性能衰减导致不同寿命阶段摩擦系数的不同变化规律,与比例-积分-微分(proportion-integral-differential,PID)控制策略相比具有更精确的控制效果和更强的鲁棒性。

人-车-路闭环系统中的双离合器式自动变速器车辆换挡规律

结合不同驾驶员意图、整车质量参数和道路状况,制定了人-车-路闭环系统中双离合器式自动变速器车辆的修正型换挡规律。对修正型换挡规律下的系统进行仿真研究表明,该规律有助于消除频繁升降挡现象。基于xPC平台,建立了干式双离合器式自动变速器控制系统的硬件在环仿真试验台。结合复杂路面,采用比例-积分-微分控制器,针对普通和修正型换挡规律两种情况分别进行硬件在环仿真,结果验证了修正型规律有效性,有助于减少作动器的动作次数。

基于μC/OS-II的双离合器自动变速器控制系统

针对双离合器自动变速控制中复杂的功能要求,以飞思卡尔MC9S12DT128B单片机为硬件平台,将嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-II应用到双离合器自动变速器控制系统中。详细阐述了双离合器自动变速器控制系统的硬件设计、μC/OS-II内核的移植过程及用户任务的设计,实际运行结果表明,该系统具有较好的实时性和可靠性。

双离合器变速箱换挡集成学习控制器设计及分析

为了提高车辆运行的稳定性,设计了一种双离合器DCT变速箱换挡集成学习控制器。基于预测模型建立MPC控制器,以补偿转矩保障转速精准追踪。研究结果表明,在0.11 s时DCT开始出现升挡转矩相,车速整体维持稳定变化的态势,车辆冲击度的最大值是4.8 m/s^(3),有利于大大提高换挡的稳定性。相比其他控制方法,基于经验知识MPC换挡方案获得更优的平顺性控制效果,滑摩功也发生降低,可以更快完成动力响应。该研究有助于提高汽车自动控制,为后续的换挡控制奠定理论基础。

预选挡对双离合变速器敲击动力学影响的试验研究

搭建可模拟发动机转速波动的变速器敲击动力学试验台架,采集双离合变速器(dual-clutch transmission, DCT)的壳体振动和齿轮瞬时转速信号,研究不同预选挡位下DCT变速器的敲击响应和齿轮系统动力学随输入角加速度幅值变化的演变规律。根据齿轮系统间隙非线性动力学模型的计算结果和齿轮啮合基本定律,提出了一种基于齿轮特征频率角加速度幅值特性的齿轮运动状态判定准则。台架敲击试验结果表明预选挡显著改变DCT变速器的敲击响应和齿轮副动力学行为,当输入角加速度幅值增加到某一数值时,DCT变速器敲击响应发生向上跳跃现象,主动和被动子变速器之间产生明显的低频动力学耦合,承载齿轮转速信号呈现显著的多谐波非线性特性。根据提出的齿轮运动状态判定准则判断跳跃突变后的承载齿轮副发生齿面分离和敲击现象,动力学突变后的动力学耦合导致DCT变速器的敲击响应急剧恶化。最后,在整车上验证了台架试验的动力学耦合和敲击响应突变现象。

基于LADRC的纯电动汽车双离合变速器换挡控制

针对纯电动汽车两挡双离合自动变速器(two-speed dual-clutch transmission,2DCT)换挡控制模型及参数的不确定性和存在的未知干扰,提出了一种线性自抗扰(linear active disturbance rejection controller,LADRC)换挡控制策略。首先建立2DCT换挡过程动力学模型,并分析了换挡过程;然后考虑控制模型的不确定性及未知干扰,将LADRC控制器应用到换挡过程对期望角速度进行跟踪,并采用扩张状态观测器(extended state observer,ESO)对扰动进行实时估计,并加以补偿,最后与PID控制进行对比。仿真和实验结果表明,该控制器跟踪误差更小,鲁棒性强,能保证良好的换挡品质。

基于双电机输入的电动汽车减速器设计与研发

目前,市面上的电动汽车大多数采用单电机驱动,控制策略简单但高效区唯一。为提高整车多工况下的动力性及经济性,设计了一款双电机输入的减速器。其中,一个电机直连接减速器;另一个电机通过超越离合器实现与减速器的连接或断开。同时,采用大重合度、细高齿等特有齿形设计来提高传动系统的平稳性。试验结果表明,双电机能正常切换,减速器各项性能参数满足标准要求。在满足整车动力性能的前提下,该研究方法可以为提高电动汽车续航里程提供参考。

基于液压系统的自动挡变速器的故障分析与处理

本文阐述了自动变速器液压驻车系统的工作原理,利用CANape软件对双离合器自动变速器由液压驻车系统和液压控制模块引起的常见的故障进行详细分析,并针对故障提出可行的解决措施,为解决自动挡变速器常见故障等问题提供了理论和实践依据。

采用螺杆膨胀机的汽电双驱技术在化工厂的应用研究

螺杆膨胀机是近年来受到广泛关注的低温余热回收技术,在化工厂余热利用中相比汽轮机具有良好的适应性。介绍了采用螺杆膨胀机实现汽电双驱的技术,及其在化工厂的应用研究。

功角及脉冲调制双驱同步电机负载平衡控制技术研究与应用

阐述了基于功角及脉冲调制双驱同步电机负载平衡控制系统的技术特点,并结合实际应用进行故障分析,制定切实可行方案,保证了设备的稳定运行,取得了较好的综合效益。

基于NSGA-Ⅱ算法和模糊控制的纯电动汽车2DCT换挡规律研究

换挡规律是影响汽车动力性和经济性的关键因素。针对自主研发的纯电动汽车两挡干式双离合变速器(2DCT),以不同踏板开度下的换挡车速作为优化变量,通过NSGA-Ⅱ算法得出换挡速度的Pareto前沿,利用线性加权法求出兼顾经济性和动力性的踏板开度和车速两参数换挡规律。引入加速度构建一种三参数模糊控制器,对换挡速度进行动态调整,得到综合性换挡规律。结果表明,综合换挡规律能同时兼顾整车的经济性和动力性,并且相较于经济性换挡规律较大程度减少换挡频率。