Mg/Fe site-specific dual-doping to boost the performance of cobalt-free nickle-rich layered oxide cathode for high-energy lithium-ion batteries

Layer-type LiNi0.9Mn0.1O2is promising to be the primary cathode material for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to its excellent electrochemical performance.Unfortunately,the cathode with high nickel content suffers from severely detrimental structural transformation that causes rapid capacity attenuation.Herein,site-specific dual-doping with Fe and Mg ions is proposed to enhance the structural stability of LiNi0.9Mn0.1O2.The Fe3+dopants are inserted into transition metal sites(3b)and can favorably provide additional redox potential to compensate for charge and enhance the reversibility of anionic redox.The Mg ions are doped into the Li sites(3a)and serve as O_(2)^(-)-Mg^(2+)-O_(2)^(-)pillar to reinforce the electrostatic cohesion between the two adjacent transition-metal layers,which further suppress the cracking and the generation of harmful phase transitions,ultimately improving the cyclability.The theoretical calculations,including Bader charge and crystal orbital Hamilton populations(COHP)analyses,confirm that the doped Fe and Mg can form stable bonds with oxygen and the electrostatic repulsion of O_(2)^(-)-O_(2)^(-)can be effectively suppressed,which effectively mitigates oxygen anion loss at the high delithiation state.This dual-site doping strategy offers new avenues for understanding and regulating the crystalline oxygen redox and demonstrates significant potential for designing high-performance cobalt-free nickel-rich cathodes.

Scattering of Water Waves by Dual Symmetric Inclined Floating Porous Barriers Using the DBEM

The scattering of normally incident water waves by two surface-piercing inclined perforated barriers in water with a uniform finite depth is investigated within the framework of linear water wave theory.Considering that thin barriers are zero-thickness,a novel numerical method involving the the coupling of the dual boundary element method(DBEM)with damping layers is applied.In order to effectively damp out the reflected waves,two damping layers,instead of pseudoboundaries are implemented near the two side boundaries of the computational domain.Thus,the modified linearized free surface boundary conditions are formulated and used for solving both the ordinary boundary integral equation as well as the hypersingular boundary integral equation for degenerate boundaries.The newly developed numerical method is validated against analytical methods using the matched eigenfunction expansion method for the special case of two vertical barriers or the inclined angle to the vertical being zero.The influence of the length of the two damping layers has been discussed.Moreover,these findings are also validated against previous results for several cases.After validation,the numerical results for the reflection coefficient,transmission coefficient and dissipation coefficient are obtained by varying the inclination angle and porosity-effect parameter.The effects of both the inclination angle and the porosity on the amplitudes of wave forces acting on both the front and rear barriers are also investigated.It is found that the effect of the inclination angle mainly shifts the location of the extremal values of the reflection and the transmission coefficients.Additionally,a moderate value of the porosity-parameter is quite effective at dissipating wave energy and mitigating the wave loads on dual barriers.

Application of Dual Throttling Air-Conditioning System to Explosion-Proof Frequency Converter

An explosion-proof dual throttling air-conditioning system was put forward to solve the heat dissipation and internal dewing problems of explosion-proof frequency converter in the underground coal mine. This study investigated the feasibility and benefits of explosion-proof dual throttling cooling and dehumidification air-conditioning system applied to the explosion-proof frequency converter. The physical model of dual throttling air-conditioning system was established and its performance parameter was described by mathematical method. The design calculation of the system has also been done. The experimental result showed that the system reached the steady state at the refrigeration mode after running 45 min, and the maximum internal temperature of the flame-proof cavity was 31.0 ℃. The system reached the steady state at the dehumidification mode after running 37 min. The maximum internal relative humidity and temperature of the flame-proof cavity were 33.4% and 36.3 ℃, respectively. Therefore, the proposed system had excellent ability of heat dissipation and avoided internal dewing. Compared with water cooling system, it was more energy-saving and economical. The airflow field of dual throttling air-conditioning system was also studied by CFD simulation. It was found that the result of CFD numerical simulation was highly consistent with the experimental data.

High-power SiC MESFET using a dual p-buffer layer for an S-band power amplifier

A silicon carbide （SIC） based metal semiconductor field effect transistor （MESFET） is fabricated by using a standard SiC MESFET structure with the application of a dual p-buffer layer and a multi-recessed gate to the process for an S-band power amplifier. The lower doped upper-buffer layer serves to maintain the channel current, while the higher doped lowerbuffer layer is used to provide excellent electron confinement in the channel layer. A 20-mm gate periphery SiC MESFET biased at a drain voltage of 85 V demonstrates a pulsed wave saturated output power of 94 W, a linear gain of 11.7 dB, and a maximum power added efficiency of 24.3% at 3.4 GHz. These results are improved compared with those of the conventional single p-buffer MESFET fabricated in this work using the same process. A radio-frequency power output greater than 4.7 W/mm is achieved, showing the potential as a high-voltage operation device for high-power solid-state amplifier applications.

Dual solutions in boundary layer flow of Maxwell fluid over a porous shrinking sheet

An analysis is carried out for dual solutions of the boundary layer flow of Maxwell fluid over a permeable shrinking sheet. In the investigation, a constant wall mass transfer is considered. With the help of similarity transformations, the governing partial differential equations（PDEs） are converted into a nonlinear self-similar ordinary differential equation（ODE）. For the numerical solution of transformed self-similar ODE, the shooting method is applied. The study reveals that the steady flow of Maxwell fluid is possible with a smaller amount of imposed mass suction compared with the viscous fluid flow. Dual solutions for the velocity distribution are obtained. Also, the increase of Deborah number reduces the boundary layer thickness for both solutions.

Improved performance of organic light-emitting diodes with dual electron transporting layers

In this study the performance of organic light-emitting diodes （OLEDs） are enhanced significantly, which is based on dual electron transporting layers （13phen/CuPc）. By adjusting the thicknesses of Bphen and CuPc, the maximal luminescence, the maximal current efficiency, and the maximal power efficiency of the device reach 17570 cd/m^2 at 11 V, and 5.39 cd/A and 3.39 lm/W at 3.37 mA/cm^2 respectively, which are enhanced approximately by 33.4%, 39.3%, and 68.9%, respectively, compared with those of the device using Bphen only for an electron transporting layer. These results may provide some valuable references for improving the electron injection and the transportation of OLED.

Supersonic boundary layer transition induced by self-sustaining dual jets

To promote high-speed boundary layer transition,this paper proposes an active self-sustaining dual jets(SDJ)actuator utilizing the energy of supersonic mainflow.Employing the nanoparticle-based planar laser scattering(NPLS),supersonic flat-plate boundary layer transition induced by SDJ is experimentally investigated in an Ma-2.95 low-turbulence wind tunnel.Streamwise and spanwise NPLS images are obtained to analyze fine flow structures of the whole transition process.The results reveal the transition control mechanisms that on the one hand,the jet-induced shear layer produces unstable Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities in the wake flow,on the other hand,the jets also generates an adverse pressure gradient in the boundary layer and induce unstable streak structures,which gradually break down into turbulence downstream.The paper provides a new method for transition control of high-speed boundary layer,and have prospect both in theory and engineering application.

Effects of active layer thickness on performance and stability of dual-active-layer amorphous InGaZnO thin-film transistors

Dual-active-layer(DAL)amorphous InGaZnO(IGZO)thin-film transistors(TFTs)are fabricated at low temperature without post-annealing.A bottom low-resistance(low-R)IGZO layer and a top high-resistance(high-R)IGZO layer constitute the DAL homojunction with smooth and high-quality interface by in situ modulation of oxygen composition.The performance of the DAL TFT is significantly improved when compared to that of a single-active-layer TFT.A detailed investigation was carried out regarding the effects of the thickness of both layers on the electrical properties and gate bias stress stabilities.It is found that the low-R layer improves the mobility,ON/OFF ratio,threshold voltage and hysteresis voltage by passivating the defects and providing a smooth interface.The high-R IGZO layer has a great impact on the hysteresis,which changes from clockwise to counterclockwise.The best TFT shows a mobility of 5.41 cm^2/V·s,a subthreshold swing of 95.0 mV/dec,an ON/OFF ratio of 6.70×10^7,a threshold voltage of 0.24 V,and a hysteresis voltage of 0.13 V.The value of threshold voltage shifts under positive gate bias stress decreases when increasing the thickness of both layers.

Improvement in the electrical performance and bias-stress stability of dual-active-layered silicon zinc oxide/zinc oxide thin-film transistor

Si-doped zinc oxide（SZO） thin films are deposited by using a co-sputtering method,and used as the channel active layers of ZnO-based TFTs with single and dual active layer structures.The effects of silicon content on the optical transmittance of the SZO thin film and electrical properties of the SZO TFT are investigated.Moreover,the electrical performances and bias-stress stabilities of the single- and dual-active-layer TFTs are investigated and compared to reveal the effects of the Si doping and dual-active-layer structure.The average transmittances of all the SZO films are about 90% in the visible light region of 400 nm-800 nm,and the optical band gap of the SZO film gradually increases with increasing Si content.The Si-doping can effectively suppress the grain growth of ZnO,revealed by atomic force microscope analysis.Compared with that of the undoped ZnO TFT,the off-state current of the SZO TFT is reduced by more than two orders of magnitude and it is 1.5 × 10^-12 A,and thus the on/off current ratio is increased by more than two orders of magnitude.In summary,the SZO/ZnO TFT with dual-active-layer structure exhibits a high on/off current ratio of 4.0 × 10^6 and superior stability under gate-bias and drain-bias stress.

Exploring the Multi-Layer Structural Properties of the Bus-Subway Transportation Network of Shanghai

Buses and subways are essential to urban public transportation systems and an important engine for activating high-quality urban development. Traditional multi-modal transportation networks focus on the structural feature mining of single-layer networks or each layer, ignoring the structural association of multi-layer networks. In this paper, we examined the multi-layer structural property of the bus-subway network of Shanghai at both global and nodal scales. A dual-layer model of the city’s bus and subway system was built. Single-layer complex network indicators were also extended. The paper also explored the spatial coupling properties of the city’s bus and subway system and identified its primary traffic nodes. It was found that 1) the dual-layer network increased the network’s connectivity to a certain extent and broke through the spatial limitation in terms of physical structure, making the connection between any two locations more direct. 2) The dual-layer network changed the topological characteristics of the transit network, increasing the centrality value and bit order in degree centrality, betweenness centrality, and closeness centrality to different degrees, and making each centrality tend to converge to the city center in spatial distribution. Enhancing the management of critical network nodes would help the integrated public transportation system operate more effectively and provide higher-quality services.

基于双层注意力和深度自编码器的时间序列异常检测模型

目前时间序列通常具有弱周期性以及高度复杂的相关性特征,传统的时间序列异常检测方法难以检测此类异常。针对这一问题,提出了一种新的无监督时间序列异常检测模型(DA-CBG-AE)。首先,使用新型滑动窗口方法,针对时间序列周期性设置滑动窗口大小;其次,采用卷积神经网络提取时间序列高维度空间特征;然后,提出具有堆叠式Dropout双向门循环单元网络作为自编码器的基本结构,从而捕捉时间序列的相关性特征;最后,引入双层注意力机制,进一步提取特征,选择更加关键的时间序列,从而提高异常检测准确率。为了验证该模型的有效性,将DA-CBG-AE与6种基准模型在8个数据集上进行比较。最终的实验结果表明,DA-CBG-AE获得了最优的F1值(0.863),并且其检测性能相比最新的基准模型Tad-GAN高出25.25%。

同心双管分注井同位素吸水剖面测试技术研究

三叠系长6油藏一般为分注合采开发、层间矛盾突出,但前期采用桥式同心等常规分注方式,受限于遇阻遇卡现象普遍、成功率低,难以满足油藏精细分层注水配水的需要。为解决这一问题,2015年推广同心双管分注技术,取得了良好的分注效果。但该技术目前仍无法有效测试吸水剖面,不能及时了解层内的吸水状况,有效指导注水技术政策调整和措施制定,层内矛盾加剧,油藏稳产形势变差。结合同心双管分注的管柱结构和吸水剖面测试原理,开展吸水剖面测试技术研究,巧妙地利用了Y341可洗井封隔器洗井通道双向开启的机理,完成了吸水剖面测试作业;从测试结果和注水调整效果来看,测试结果能有效反映各层层内的吸水状况,该测试方法具有一定的推广意义。

分层培养、协同推进:双循环新格局下职业教育发展的根本遵循

为应对全球产业链与供应链重构,我国提出构建国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局。双循环新格局的四大主线——提质增效、创新驱动、优化升级、扩大内需都明确指向对多样化、多层次技术技能人才的紧迫需求。为顺应这种经济发展格局的转变,以培养技术技能人才为核心使命的职业教育须遵循“分层培养、协同推进”的原则。在培养目标、教学内容、实习实践、评价标准等方面进行差异化分层设计,寻求职业教育生态系统中各要素协同推进,实现职业教育与普通教育殊途同归、个人发展与社会需求平衡兼顾、研究型人才与应用型人才携手共进、校主“道”与企主“术”和洽共赢及就业与创业两全其美。

考虑碳减排收益的高速公路差异化收费定价模型

高速公路差异化收费可以促进道路领域碳减排,助推“双碳”目标实现。文中将碳减排收益作为高速公路效益的组成部分,基于同时考虑高速公路效益和物流企业成本的目标,构建了基于双层规划的高速公路差异化收费定价模型。首先分析了货车路径选择因素;然后利用Logit模型构建了基于高速公路差异化收费的转移车流量测算方法和基于转移车流量的碳排放量测算方法,并提出了影子价格下的碳交易定价模型;最后,考虑碳减排效益部分最大化和物流企业成本最小化,提出了差异化收费双层规划模型,同时利用山东省高速公路A和并行国省道的车流量数据进行实例分析。结果表明:通过高速公路差异化收费策略的调整,双层规划模型在保证高速公路管理部门的最优化效益下可实现物流企业成本的最小化;在最优收费费率附近调整收费标准,对高速公路A的效益的影响较小,使得高速公路效益的波动影响低于1.5%,结果表现出良好的收益稳定性;文中所提出的差异化收费双层规划模型可实现高速公路碳减排效益最大化和物流企业成本最小化的目标。

STAR-RIS辅助的NOMA系统物理层安全性能优化

针对实际通信场景中非理想信道状态信息以及非理想串行干扰删除等非理想因素的强耦合特性使可同时反射和透射的可重构智能超表面(STAR-RIS)辅助的非正交多址接入(NOMA)传输系统安全性能无法准确衡量的问题,提出了基于惩罚对偶分解(PDD)和块坐标下降(BCD)的融合算法,联合优化基站的波束成形矢量和STAR-RIS相移系数,实现系统最低安全传输速率的最大化。结果表明,所提融合算法相比BCD算法可以明显增加最低安全传输速率,性能至少提升10%。

基于自适应模糊PID算法的锂电池组双层均衡控制

为提高电池重组时的均衡效率,在传统Buck-Boost均衡拓扑电路的基础上,设计了一种锂电池组双层均衡拓扑电路。组内采用Buck-Boost电路均衡,组间利用双向反激变压器进行均衡。均衡控制策略采用自适应模糊PID算法,以电池荷电状态(state of charge, SOC)为均衡变量,利用模糊控制算法对PID参数进行调节,缩短了均衡时间,提高了均衡效率。在Matlab/Simulink中搭建了锂电池组双层均衡拓扑电路和自适应模糊PID控制算法模型。实验结果表明:在不同工作状态下,所提出的电池组均衡拓扑及其控制策略将均衡时间效率平均提高了58.36%,验证了该方案的有效性。

双层索引驱动的隧洞海量点云高效管理方法

针对隧洞表观性态监测,三维激光扫描获取的点云具有数据量巨大、非结构化以及狭长线状非均匀分布等特点,给隧洞点云数据处理极大的压力,也制约了隧洞工程点云监测应用的发展。为此,本文结合隧洞工程空间分布特点,提出一种基于双层索引结构的隧洞海量点云管理方法。该方法设计了一种基于Hough变换的隧洞水平中线粗提取方法,指导隧洞点云数据沿水平中线进行点云自动分段;而后利用“自下而上”的归并构建策略建立分段点云八叉树索引。在此基础上,利用非冗余的多层次细节(LOD)建模方法和内外存动态调度技术实现海量点云数据快速可视化。实验结果显示,本文方法有效提高了隧洞点云水平轴线提取效率,基于双层索引结构的隧洞点云管理在点云检索、海量点云数据可视化等方面表现出优异性能。

高透明度和高强度的纳米粘合水凝胶贴片用于组织粘附

本研究旨在设计和制备一种具有优异机械性能和生物相容性的双层结构壳聚糖水凝胶粘合贴片,并借助纳米粘合策略评估其组织粘附性能。以物理交联构建坚韧的壳聚糖水凝胶作为背膜,随后通过原位光交联制备粘合剂水凝胶层,形成一体化的壳聚糖水凝胶粘合贴片。利用纳米胶水促进贴片与基底之间的纳米粘合。表面活化的二氧化硅纳米颗粒作为类似于纳米胶的界面连接器,促进水凝胶与基底的结合,以建立水凝胶贴片与生物组织之间的粘附关系。分析结果显示,水凝胶贴片在体外对生物组织的粘合能量为282 J/m^(2),爆破压力为450 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)。该贴片具有4.3 MPa的拉伸强度、65%的断裂伸长率和3.82 kJ/m^(2)的断裂韧性,具有出色的机械性能。此外,这种基于纳米粘合剂的壳聚糖水凝胶粘合贴片具有高透明度和优异的生物相容性,有望在组织修复和药物输送等多个生物医学领域得到应用,为临床外科手术的发展提供坚实的材料基础。

融合双层注意力网络的端到端老挝车牌照识别方法

在中老道路互通大背景下,老挝车牌照识别研究对中国跨境车辆管理十分重要,但现有的单行车牌照识别方法无法直接应用于老挝双行车牌照识别任务中.针对老挝车牌照上行省份字符排列紧密、难以分割和下行辅音字符相似度高、难以识别的问题,结合分割的思想提出一种融合双层注意力网络的端到端老挝车牌照识别方法.通过通道及空间注意力提取并加强上行省份特征和下行字符特征表示;将分类思想应用于省份信息获取,有效地处理因字符粘连而无法做单字符识别的问题;使用序列标注的方法缓解相似字符识别困难,提高字符识别准确率.实验结果表明,提出方法相比基线模型,准确率提升了0.8个百分点,达到92.7%.

财政收支的货币效应:理论机制、经验证据及政策蕴含

财政收支的货币效应理论,在财政与金融之间搭建了一座理论桥梁,对新时期中国经济稳定与金融稳定具有重要的实践指导意义。采用部门资产负债表法,通过构建“多元双层”货币供给理论模型,分层揭示基础货币供给与存款货币供给的一般规律。采用联立方程模型、SVAR模型和梁氏因果检验法对财政收支的货币效应命题开展实证检验。结果表明,在国库单一账户制度下,财政收支与货币供给消长之间存在直接因果关系,即财政收支对货币供给具有“扰动效应”,财政收入引起基础货币与存款货币同时、等量湮灭,财政支出引起基础货币与存款货币同时、等量创造。相比于对存款货币的影响,财政收支对基础货币供给的扰动效应更剧烈。中国存款货币实际供给量已接近现存基础货币与法定存款准备金率所共同决定的货币上限,财政收入缴库引起基础货币湮灭可能会诱发银行间市场流动性紧张。基于此,应建立财政部门与央行部门的常态协调沟通机制,完善国库现金管理存款制度和国库现金余额目标管理制度,财政主动有为,更好发挥在稳金融、稳就业中的积极作用。