Bearing loads of dual rotor-bearing system under stationary and transient conditions

Aimed at aeroengine vibration failure, bearing loads of dual rotor-bearing system caused by unbalance are calculated under stationary and transient conditions. The three-dimensional （3-D） finite element method （FEM） model of dual rotor-bearing system was established. Applying the ro- tor dynamics function of Ansys 12.0, bearing loads were calculated under various unbalance force in stationary condition, and the transient vibration characteristics and the effect of acceleration on bearing loads were discussed. On the basis of simulation results, the influence disciplines of unbal- ance on bearing loads and theoretic reference for reducing bearing loads during start-up were ob- tained.

Design, Control and Analysis of Low Cost Archetype Dual Rotor Helicopter for Educational Institution

This paper presents the design and development of low cost archetype dual rotor helicopter (LCADRH) for academic research in an educational institution. The LCADRH is installed with optical pitch encoder and yaw encoder which measure elevation and side to side motion of helicopter. The objective of the project is to design and integrate the helicopter with data acquisition board and sensors to provide hardware features, software support capability for its rapid real time measurement and control. The low cost designed LCADRH facilitates the academic research for students in the institution and is able to provide hands on training to understand the concept of nonlinearity, system modelled and unmodelled dynamics and uncertainty, modelling, simulation and control by doing practical experiments. The mathematical model of the LCADRH is derived using grey box modelling method. The control of LCADRH is challenging due to its nonlinearity and effect of strong coupling between aerodynamic forces and torques generated by the both pitch and yaw actuators. In closed loop position control of LCADRH, pitch and yaw axis motion is regulated using linear quadratic controller (LQR). Encouraging results are obtained both in simulation and hardware.

Design and Analysis of a Dual Rotor Turbine with a Shroud Using Flow Simulations

This paper describes the flow simulation of a dual rotor, three-bladed wind turbine module with a shroud to determine its performance. The parameters that were evaluated are the effects of adding a second rotor, wind speed, distance between the two rotors, the size of the front rotor and the shroud. The results were obtained by using the Solid Works 2015 flow simulation program. Also, the benefits and cost issues for wind generating systems are illustrated.

Investigation of the dynamic characteristics of a dual rotor system and its start-up simulation based on finite element method

Recently,the finite element method(FEM) has been commonly applied in the engineering analysis of rotor dynamics.Gyroscopic moments,rotary inertia,transverse shear deformation and gravity can be included in computational models of rotor-bearing systems.In this paper,a finite element model and its solution method are presented for the calculation of the dynamics of dual rotor systems.A typical structure with two rotor shafts is discussed and the procedure for obtaining the coupling motion equations of the subsystems is illustrated.A computer program is developed to solve critical speeds and to simulate the transient motion.The influence of gyroscopic moments on co-rotation and counter-rotation is analyzed,and the effect of the speed ratio on critical speed is studied.The dynamic characteristics under different conditions of increasing speed during start-up are demonstrated by comparison with transient nodal displacements.The presented model provides a complete foundation for further investigation of the dynamics of dual rotor systems.

Rubbing-Induced Vibration Response Analysis of Dual-Rotor-Casing System

Considering gyroscopic effects caused by rotational speed,torsional vibration as well as coupling effects among inner rotor,out rotor and casing,a dynamic model of the dual-rotor-casing system is established using finite element(FE)method.By comparing the natural characteristics obtained from MATLAB and ANSYS,the developed model is verified.Then rubbing-induced vibration responses in dual-rotor-casing system are analyzed.The effects of rotational speed and speed ratio on rubbing vibration responses of the system are discussed.Results show that different combined frequency components will appear in the spectrum except two unbalanced excitation frequencies and their multiple frequency components,and these frequencies can be used as the dual-rotor aero-engine rubbing failure diagnosis frequencies when rubbing occurs.Besides,the amplitude of torsional vibration is larger than that of lateral vibration under the same working condition,and speed ratio has a great impact on the periodicity of the system rubbing-induced motion trajectory.The amplitude of rubbing-induced responses under counter-rotation is less than that under co-rotation with the same parameters.

Dynamic balancing of dual-rotor system with very little rotating speed difference

Unbalanced vibration in dual-rotor rotating machinery was studied with numerical simulations and experiments. A new method is proposed to separate vibration signals of inner and outer rotors for a system with very little difference in rotating speeds. Magnitudes and phase values of unbalance defects can be obtained directly by sampling the vibration signal synchronized with reference signal. The balancing process is completed by the reciprocity influence coefficients of inner and outer rotors method. Results showed the advantage of such method for a dual-rotor system as compared with conventional balancing.

Analysis on Nonlinear Dynamic Properties of Dual-Rotor System

In order to clarify the effects of support structure on a dual-rotor machine,a dynamic model is established which takes into consideration the contact force of ball bearing and the cubic stiffness of elastic support. Bearing clearance,Hertz contact between the ball and race and the varying compliance effect are included in the model of ball bearing. The system response is obtained through numerical integration method,and the vibration due to the periodic change of bearing stiffness is investigated. The motions of periodic,quasiperiodic and even chaotic are found when bearing clearance is used as control parameter to simulate the response of rotor system. The results reveal two typical routes to chaos: quasi-periodic bifurcation and intermittent bifurcation. Large cubic stiffness of elastic support may cause jump and hysteresis phenomena in resonance curve when rotors run at the critical-speed region. The modeling results acquired by numerical simulation will contribute to understanding and controlling of the nonlinear behaviors of the dual-rotor system.

Effect of Hub-Ratio on Performance of Asymmetric Dual-Rotor Small Axial Fan

Currently, domestic and abroad scholars put more attention on contra-rotating dual-rotor axial fan. But there is less scholars study on asymmetric dual-rotor small axial fan, which is one of the contra-rotating dual-rotor axial fans. Like axial fan, many factors have influence on the performance of the asymmetric dual-rotor small axial flow fan, such as the wheel hub ratio, blade shape, blade number, stagger angle and the tip clearance. Because wheel hub ratio has great impact on the performance of the fan, we choose the size of wheel hub ratio as a variable factor to study the model change. There is a different wheel hub ratio between front stage impeller and rear stage of asymmetric dual-rotor small axial fan, so it is very beneficial to select the greater wind area that the fan area of external diameter minuses the area occupied by the blades and the hub as front stage impeller. In this paper, the hub-ratio of front stage impeller is 0.72, and that of rear stage is 0.72, 0.67 and 0.62 respectively along with the front stage impeller. Three kinds of models with different hub ratio of rear stage are simulated using the CFD software and the static characteristics are obtained. Based on the experimental test results, the internal flow field of the asymmetric dual-rotor small axial fan is analyzed in detail, the impact trends of different hub-ratio on the performance of asymmetric dual-rotor small axial fan are obtained and the argument of structure optimization for dual-rotor small axial fan is provided.

某型航空发动机振动值波动故障诊断和排除

针对某型航空发动机试车过程中的稳态振动波动问题,开展了时域和频域分析,指出振动波动是由于低压2倍频和高压基频振动拍振所引起。推导了航空发动机拍振引起的振动响应,建立了某型航空发动机双转子动力学模型,并进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明,当发动机两个激振力频率相近时,会产生拍振引起振动波动,仿真结果与试验结果相吻合。结合发动机结构和其工作特点,分析了发动机形成低压倍频-高压基频耦合拍振的条件,给出了拍振排除方法,并通过试验验证了方法的正确性。工程上可以通过调整高压和低压转子转差关系,将转速比调整到合理范围内即可消除拍振。

螺杆机用并轴双转子永磁电机齿槽力矩机理分析与抑制

针对并轴双转子永磁电机过大的齿槽力矩以及转矩脉动大等电磁问题,采用传统单个槽齿槽转矩理论以及双转子电机边端力矩波动理论进行分析,计算了并轴双转子电机齿槽力矩的特殊组成成分以及其各部分转矩的谐波阶次。分析改变磁极偏心距和转子斜极对电机齿槽力矩和转矩特性的影响。采用响应面法构建电机的多目标优化模型,通过改变永磁体偏心距和斜极块数来约束电机的优化变量,并采取约束关系以及优化目标求解出最优转子结构参数。构建有限元模型,验证齿槽力矩理论的正确性。对比采用最优转子结构参数下电机的电磁性能与优化前电机的电磁性能,优化后电机的齿槽力矩、转矩脉动等电磁性能进一步提升,验证了采用磁极偏心和转子斜极复合结构的有效性。

双并列转子永磁同步电机转矩脉动产生机理及抑制

双并列转子永磁同步电机由于部分定子铁心和绕组的缺失,存在较大的转矩脉动,限制了其在并行对驱类机械装备中的应用。该文对双并列转子永磁电机转矩脉动产生机理进行分析,并提出了相应的抑制方法。对比了N-N型、N-S型两种转子结构,阐明了N-S型转子结构的优越性。在此基础上,开展了转矩脉动产生机理研究,按照影响因素不同,逐次分析了齿槽效应、端部效应、永磁齿轮效应以及绕组参数不对称对电机转矩脉动的作用机理,构建了各个转矩分量的解析表达式。通过有限元模型,验证了理论分析的正确性。针对产生转矩脉动的不同分量,提出了相应的抑制方法,其中抑制空载转矩可以通过优化电机的结构参数来实现,抑制纹波转矩可以通过优化绕组位置分布来实现。搭建样机实验平台,验证了分析模型的准确性。

CDR风力发电机多领域耦合动态建模及全工况分层协同控制

针对一种串列式双叶轮(CDR)风力发电机,基于自由涡尾迹理论提出前后叶轮串列式布局下后叶轮入流风速建模方法,首次建立了包含前后叶轮、传动轴系和塔筒等关键子系统的“气动-传动-电气-支撑件”多领域耦合动态模型;考虑CDR风力发电机结构及特性,以风力机安全运行和最大出力为目标,设计整机分层协同控制架构;采用Fortran语言开发适用于不同容量等级CDR风力发电机的精细化仿真软件,结合高性能服务器搭建仿真实验平台。为验证方案有效性,配置某典型2.7 MW CDR风力发电机设计参数,依据国际电工委员会(IEC)标准开展全工况载荷分析及性能验证。结果表明:所建立的整机模型可准确反映风力机各子系统间的耦合动态特性,所提出的分层协同控制方法在安全载荷范围内具有良好的最优功率曲线跟踪性能。

双并列转子永磁直驱电机转子不平衡力分析与优化

双并列转子永磁直驱电机受轴间距限制,设计时会切掉部分定子铁心和绕组,造成转子电磁力不平衡。为最大限度地抑制转子所受的不平衡电磁力,该文从双并列转子结构出发,分析了电机绕组电感参数不对称的原因,提出通过合理设计线圈跨距和分布平衡三相电感。在此基础上,构建转子所受总电磁力的数学模型,理论分析各个分力的来源及影响因素,研究各个分力对转子所受总电磁力的影响,提出了优化占空角、优化耦合间距、采用定子端部不对称结构、采用转子偏心结构和切除部分单元电机五种优化方法,实现对转子所受电磁力的优化,探讨了不同方法的优化效果,以及其对转矩脉动的影响,总结了不同优化方法的优缺点。

双转子-中介轴承系统动力学仿真与实验研究

针对双转子系统复杂的动力学特性以及总是存在的质量不平衡现象,建立内外双转子系统动力学模型,通过轴心轨迹图、时域图、频谱图、庞加莱截面图和分岔图分析其振动特性,并通过双转子系统实验台升速和不平衡实验验证了理论和仿真结果。结果表明:双转子系统在升速过程中会发生2次振幅突然加剧的现象,2次主共振分别由内、外转子转速达到系统固有频率引起;双转子系统在不同的转速下会呈现出不同的振动特性;增大内转子的不平衡量,不仅会影响内转子系统振动响应,还会影响外转子系统振动响应,并且对前者的影响更显著。

能量轨道下带碰摩的双转子系统振动特性分析

为提高航空发动机的推重比和燃油效率,调整转子与机壳间的间隙变小,易发生碰摩故障问题,本文针对带碰摩双转子系统的非线性振动特性开展了定性、定量分析。建立了具有非线性弹簧特性和带碰摩故障双转子系统的非线性数学模型,通过仿真与数值分析调查了该模型复杂的碰撞、振动特性。对碰摩故障发生后和即将脱离时该系统的能量交换进行了定量分析,基于振动能量轨道的迁移过程分析了非线性振动特征和诱发机理。使用转子实验验证了数值仿真、理论分析结果和振动能量轨道。本文揭示了带碰摩故障的非线性双转子系统运行时振动变化规律,更好地分析了双转子系统的振动特征。

微速差双转子信号分离方法精度研究

针对提取频率相近信号特征的经典算法Zoom-FFT(ZFFT)在分离差频1 Hz以内的微速差信号时,需要足够的数据长度才能达到良好的信号分离效果的问题,为了在不增加数据长度的基础上提高信号频率分辨率,在ZFFT算法的基础上产生了ZFFT+FT算法。通过LabVIEW软件仿真试验研究了该算法对频率差1 Hz和0.5 Hz的微速差信号提取精度,并与chirp Z transform(CZT)算法、ZFFT算法以及FFT算法的提取精度作了对比,通过提取结果的相对误差及方差来衡量提取精度。在同轴微速差双转子试验台进行现场试验,利用FFT对微速差信号28 s数据集的提取结果与CZT,ZFFT及ZFFT+FT算法对4 s数据集的提取结果作对比,ZFFT+FT与FFT算法的提取结果最大相差0.56 μm,验证了ZFFT+FT的实时性和精确性。结果表明,ZFFT+FT算法能够实时精准提取频率差1 Hz以内的微速差信号。研究结果可为旋转机械微速差信号的提取提供参考。

基于改进LADRC的矢量推力双旋翼飞行器姿态控制

针对矢量推力双旋翼无人机姿态控制过程中存在强耦合、模型不精确的问题,提出了一种改进型的线性自抗扰姿态控制(linear active disturbance rejection controller,LADRC)方法。该方法利用改进线性扩张状态观测器(linear extended state observer,LESO)提高对总扰动的实时观测精度,根据姿态角的误差及其变化率引入模糊控制思想对线性状态误差反馈控制律进行在线参数整定,最后以矢量推力双旋翼飞行器为研究对象,对比PID和常规LADRC对外界扰动的抗扰效果,仿真试验验证了该方法能够较好估计补偿系统的总扰动,具有更好的抗扰性能和收敛速度。

并列式双转子混合自励磁电机励磁源参数优化设计和磁场调节特性分析

针对永磁同步电机气隙磁场不可调以及传统电励磁电机的效率低等问题,提出了一种新型并列式双转子混合自励磁电机。首先,该电机利用谐波激励原理,通过调节谐波电压可灵活调整励磁电流,在中高速域更容易实现弱磁扩速。其次,保证功率不变的前提下,先分析两部分各占的比重,再分别对励磁源参数进行优化设计。最后,通过调节励磁电流的大小与方向且利用二维有限元模型对所提电机的性能进行验证。仿真结果证明:所提电机具有较好的调磁能力,在弱磁情况下,反电动势幅值接近于0,可以有效实现转速调节。

含中介轴承波纹度的双转子系统振动特性分析

针对双转子系统中存在中介轴承波纹度的问题,以含变截面外转子的双转子-轴承系统为研究对象,考虑中介轴承滚动体和内、外圈滚道波纹度,基于有限元法建立了双转子-轴承系统的动力学模型,采用四阶Runge-Kutta数值解法求解方程,分析了波纹度激励对系统频谱特征和幅频响应曲线的影响。结果表明:内、外圈滚道存在波纹度时系统会出现内、外转子转频和保持架转频的组合频率,滚动体存在波纹度时系统会出现偶数倍的滚动体自转频率;考虑转子不平衡激励,外圈滚道波纹度会增大外转子主激励的共振区域的振动,且随着波纹度幅值的增加,系统的振动会在整个转速范围内增大,而内圈滚道波纹度与不平衡激励两者的振动响应会在内转子主激励的第二次共振区域出现近似同频反相的现象,系统的振动会随着波纹度幅值的增加而降低,在其他区域的振动会增大,相对于高转速区域,滚动体波纹度对低转速区域的振动特性会有较大影响。

混合转子永磁电机双风道冷却系统设计

混合转子永磁电机具有高功率密度的优势,但也导致电机散热空间和散热能力不足等问题。为此,根据其特有的转子结构提出一种双风道冷却系统,并采用计算流体力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)的方法对电机温度场进行验证。首先,根据电机损耗和尺寸设计一个适合双风道的轴流风扇。其次,对不同进、出风口的结构参数进行仿真,对比和分析仿真结果,选出冷却性能较好的参数组合。最后对单风道和该参数组合下的双风道进行数值模拟,仿真结果表明,使用双风道冷却结构后电机散热能力显著提升。