The Chinese Urban-rural Dual Economic Structure Model and Analysis

Based on the characteristics of urban-rural dual economic structure in China,we build a dynamic endogenous urban-rural dual economic model closely linked to China's reality,and carry out mathematical economics analysis of optimized conditions for urban and rural sectors. The main results show that:(i) The labor growth rate of urban-rural sectors must be greater than the time discount rate,or else there would be a vicious cycle of diminishing returns in the sectors;(ii) The accumulation rate of physical capital and human capital of urban-rural sectors,and the rate of technological progress,need to be greater than the corresponding depreciation rate plus the time discount rate,otherwise there would be a vicious cycle of diminishing returns in the sectors;(iii) The low accumulation rate in the rural sector,and the occurrence of labor outflow,human capital loss and lack of investment,will expand income gap between urban and rural areas,which is a reason for solidification of urban-rural dual economic structure.

Effects of the Development of Township Enterprises on the Urban-Rural Dual Economic Structure Based on Cointegration Theory

The gross output value of township enterprises(XGDP)is used as a variable of township enterprises development.And CXEY is a variable of urban-rural dual economic structure.According to the 1986-2006 Statistical Yearbook of Chinese Township Enterprises and the 2006 China Statistical Yearbook,effects of the development of township enterprises on the urban-rural dual economic structure are studied by the cointegration analysis.Result shows that without considering other influencing factors,township enterprise development in the years 1979-2005 is the key factor to improve the dual economic structure in urban and rural areas in China.

Study on Factors Influencing Urban-rural Dual Economic Structure of Chongqing Based on the State Space Variable Parameter Method

Firstly,this paper reviews and analyzes historic background of urban-rural integration of Chongqing,and the evolution and trend of urban and rural dual economic structure.On the basis of previous researches,it selects factors and variables influencing urban and rural dual economic structure,and establishes an econometric model.By state space Kalman filtering method,it analyzes dynamic influence of factors upon urban-rural dual economic intensity.According to empirical conclusion,it puts forward corresponding policy recommendations for promoting integrated urban and rural economic development of Chongqing.

Look from the empty nester problem of urban and rural dual structure of society

More and more empty nest has become a social problem that couldn＇t ignore. The problem of empty nester is the essence of urban and rural dual structure social changing. The emergence of empty-nesters is a serious problem in China＇s social development process, with the aging of the population increasing, urban-rural divide more and more obvious. The condition of the human society has gradually formed the rural and the division of labor and the dual structure of the city. This paper expounds the connotation, significance and characteristics of empty nest elderly, analyzes on the problems existing in current urban and rural society and the problem of empty nest elderly in the new situation puts forward the suggestions and countermeasures.

Gap between Urban and Rural Economic Development in Less Developed Areas——A Case of Northern Jiangsu Area,China

Taking northern Jiangsu area as an example,economic disparity between urban and rural areas is described according to the data in 2000-2009 Jiangsu Statistical Yearbook.Result shows that there are significant differences in the rural and urban economic development in less developed areas,which are mainly reflected in the differences in per capita income,living standard,and Engel coefficient.Reasons for urban and rural economic disparity in less developed areas are analyzed.The asymmetry and immobility of rural and urban resources have objectively caused the income gap between urban and rural residents;urban industrial development,which is faster than agricultural development,has widened the income gap between urban and rural residents;and the differences in comparative labor productivity in rural and urban areas have enlarged their income gap.Countermeasures to minimize the urban and rural economic development gap are put forward,such as deepening the reform,realizing the free flow of economic resources between urban and rural areas,developing rural areas through urban development,exerting the function of urban areas in the coordinated development of urban and rural areas,paying attention to the agriculture and rural areas,and improving the comparative labor productivity of agriculture.

An Empirical Study of the Relationship between the Fixed Assets Investment and Urban-rural Income Gap during the Transition Period

As the gap in income between urban and rural residents bigger and bigger,based on the data from 1978 to 2007,this paper makes an empirical study of the dynamic relation between the fixed assets investment and the difference in income between urban and rural residents. The outcome from the study indicates a long-term balance exists between the investment rate of the fixed assets and the difference in income between urban and rural residents. A short-term deviation from the balance can be adjusted through long time. To a certain extent,city-oriented fixed assets investment policy is the main cause of the big gap in income between urban and rural residents. The big gap in income between urban and rural residents in turn reinforces their social status,thus further strengthening the city-oriented instead of countryside-oriented fixed assets investment policy. Based on that,this paper puts forward some suggestions on adjusting the fixed assets investment policy so as to shorten the difference in income between urban and rural residents and realize the goal of harmonious development between city and countryside.

Development Path of Urban-rural Integration

The urban and rural areas are regarded as two major components of the regional economic system. Only through joint balanced development of the two can we achieve overall economic optimization and social welfare maximization. But the great social division of labor has separated urban areas from rural areas,which casts the shadow of city-oriented theory on cooperative relations between urban and rural areas. Mutual separation between urban and rural settlements and independent development trigger off a range of social problems. We must undertake guidance through rational development path of urban-rural integration,to eliminate the phenomenon of urban-rural dual structure,and promote the sustainable development of population,resources and environment in urban and rural areas as soon as possible.

Opportunities and challenges for development of urbanization in Western China

Urban and rural dual structure in Western China is obvious.The economic development of the central cities is relatively quick while that of the rural areas is lagging behind.The speeding up of urbanization contributes to the intensively uncoordinated development of urban and rural areas.Besides,the eco-fragile environment,shortage of available water resources,adverse geographic location,and relatively backward social economy restrict the development of urbanization in Western China.However,Western China also has the advantages of backwardness.This paper analyzes the present situation and development trend of urbanization in Western China.The results show that Western China has basically formed a development pattern with"industry promotes agriculture and urban leads to village".Therefore,combined with the present situation of Western China,this paper describes and analyzes the opportunities and challenges that may appear in the process of urbanization in Western China,puts forward the development pattern in which urban and rural areas can gain mutual support and co-development,and provides related recommendations.

工业机器人应用会加剧中国城乡收入差距吗?

基于IFR数据库中国工业机器人数据,在科学测度2007—2019年中国31个省级区域工业机器人渗透度及城乡收入差距的基础上,细致刻画工业机器人应用对城乡收入差距的作用机制。研究发现:工业机器人应用显著加剧了中国城乡收入差距,因而有效处理机器人应用的收入分配效应能为高质量增长和共同富裕战略的协同共进提供重要支撑;工业机器人应用会通过提升就业技术结构高级化水平和资本利润率两个渠道,加剧中国城乡居民收入差距,且工业机器人应用在高劳动收入份额区域内引致的城乡收入差距效应较为显著;工业机器人应用有利于激发产业结构服务化及合理化的演进动力,并对制造业与生产性服务业协同集聚具有催化剂作用。为此,中国政府应及时和准确地预判工业机器人应用对中国目前及未来较长一段时间内经济与社会发展的动态影响,并在享受人工智能时代红利的同时,平抑其对城乡收入差距造成的负面冲击。

乡村收缩的内涵界定与测度研究

乡村收缩是我国城乡结构转化进程中呈现的新现象。文章首先从概念层面阐释了乡村收缩的内涵,梳理了我国乡村收缩需要重点把握的逻辑线索,进而通过文献调查和实地调研,以甘肃省为例从县域尺度对乡村收缩程度进行测度,从乡村人口、经济和社会三个维度揭示其形成机理。研究发现:(1)乡村收缩在不同语境其内涵可能存在差异,但其本质均是青壮年劳动力的过度流失;(2)2000年、2010年、2020年甘肃省乡村收缩指数均值呈现动态大幅度上升趋势,分别为26.11%、38.97%、49.98%,且上升趋势具有比较显著的空间差异性;(3)城乡二元结构下,资源禀赋和地理区位、经济发展与要素流动、历史基础与社会文化、政策安排与治理能力都对乡村收缩有影响。新时代我国应从振兴县域经济出发,依靠产业聚集、人才引进、资金筹措、城乡融合的政策组合来回应乡村收缩现象。

数字经济、产业升级与城乡差距——基于浙江省共同富裕示范区建设的中介效应模型检验

在当前社会主要矛盾中,最大的不平衡是城乡发展不平衡。浙江省在高质量发展建设共同富裕示范区过程中,城乡差距问题依然是困扰共同富裕的突出问题。而数字经济因其包容性、普惠性和共享性的特点,与共同富裕内涵高度契合,故成为实现共同富裕的强大驱动力。本文通过建立数字经济、产业升级与城乡差距的中介效应模型,实证检验了数字经济发展水平的提高可以有效提升产业升级、降低城乡差距,且在产业升级的作用下,数字经济发展水平对降低城乡差距、促进共同富裕效果显著。基于此,浙江省应借助数字经济发展优势,从供给侧促进生产结构高级化,从需求侧促进消费结构升级;实施数字经济错位发展策略,更有效助推产业结构合理化;通过数字经济发展赋能技术创新、产业创新、要素创新,从而促进产业效率提升。多措并举,以数字经济带动产业升级,从而缩小城乡差距,助推共同富裕与赋能共同富裕示范区建设。

海南省城乡冷链物流一体化发展现状与对策研究

大力推动城乡冷链物流一体化,是巩固和增强农村经济发展的重要手段之一,有利于打破城乡二元格局。本文以海南城乡冷链物流为研究对象,分析城乡冷链物流一体化必要性,通过实地调研海南省城乡冷链物流发展现状,发现存在冷链供应链尚未建立、城乡冷链资源分布不均、专业冷链物流人才匮乏、农村冷链信息化水平低、“最先一公里”冷链认知不足等问题,并针对存在的问题提出了相应对策,以期促进海南省城乡冷链物流一体化健康发展。

农村劳动力流动、经济增长对城乡二元结构的影响——基于动态面板与门槛效应模型的实证分析

城乡一体化发展是破解新时代社会主要矛盾的关键抓手。近年来,我国经济不断发展,农村劳动力流动规模不断扩大。但城乡二元结构并没有随着经济增长和劳动力流动而同步转化,存在着严重的滞后性。城乡二元结构成为掣肘经济持续发展的重要因素。文章基于2006—2020年我国31省份面板数据,运用系统动态面板模型(SYS-GMM)分析劳动力流动与经济增长对城乡二元结构的影响;运用门槛效应模型,以劳动力流动为门槛变量,分析经济增长对城乡二元结构的非线性影响。结果表明,劳动力流动促进城乡二元结构转化,而经济增长抑制城乡二元结构转化;经济增长对城乡二元结构的作用受到劳动力流动的影响,表现出门槛效应:当劳动力流动规模超过一定限度后,经济增长对城乡二元结构转化的抑制作用将得到缓解。

乡村振兴背景下发展循环农业经济的路径研究——以秸秆综合利用为例

为实现乡村振兴,推进农业现代化成为当前农业工作的重中之重,循环农业成为了实现农业高速发展的有效途径。我国是农业大国,可利用的农业资源极为丰富。推动农业循环经济发展,建立健全绿色低碳发展的循环农业体系,不仅可以提高资源的利用效率,改善能源结构,同时可以加快农业农村经济向绿色低碳发展模式转变。文章以秸秆综合利用为例,提出循环农业经济发展的重要性,在此基础上,探索循环农业经济发展的路径,并提出相关政策建议,为我国实现乡村振兴和双碳目标作出积极贡献。

从城乡二元到城乡融合发展——中国式现代化进程中的城乡关系发展

城乡实现融合发展的关键在于消除制度性、历史性因素所造成的区域、城乡资源配置被边缘化的问题,从而推进国民经济结构的转型升级,继而实现现代化。回顾我国发展进程发现:中国城乡关系是从分离、对立到融合,从非均衡向均衡发展转变的过程,此过程把握了中国式现代化道路的生成逻辑,实现了城乡融合发展的新境界,开辟了马克思主义现代化理论的新道路。现阶段,我国乡村振兴与新型城镇化融合发展仍存在体制机制不健全,城乡基本公共服务体系包容性较差,乡村基础设施建设分布不均衡,城乡空间结构关系不协调等问题。文章认为需要从物质、文化、制度等层面进行战略统筹,树立科学的城乡融合理念,不断完善乡村治理体制;发挥有效市场和有为政府的合力,推进城乡要素市场一体化;以数字科技赋能城乡产业,孕育更多有利于城乡融合发展的新型产业。

考虑非农转移异质性的二元经济增长模型——对中国“迁移谜题”的再解释

传统二元经济模型没有考虑非农转移的异质性,因而无法解释中国“迁移谜题”。文章通过构建一个考虑非农转移异质性的二元经济增长模型,将永久性转移和非永久性转移同时纳入理论分析,对中国农村劳动力转移与城乡收入差距扩大并存的现象进行再解释,并增强二元经济增长模型对中国和其他发展中国家的适用性。分析结果表明,缩小农业部门和非农部门劳均产出差距要求农业部门保持较高的劳均土地增长率,如果能够加快农村劳动力由非永久性转移演变为永久性转移,农业部门劳均土地和劳均产出的增长就有可能进一步加快,城乡收入差距也有可能进一步缩小。进一步,农村劳动力的非农转移对两部门均衡发展也会产生一定影响。在长期中,“迁移谜题”可能会因非农部门的发展和非农就业机会的增加而消失,因为农村劳动力可以逐步在城镇寻求充分就业而完成永久性转移。最后,本文提供了与农村劳动力非农转移相关的若干特征事实以及政策建议。

国土空间规划视角下城乡融合发展实施路径研究——以南充高坪城乡融合片为例

国土空间规划成为当前推进城乡融合发展的重要举措。以南充高坪城乡融合片为例,通过梳理其现状特征,并剖析其目前面临的主要问题,在此基础上契合相关规划、政策关于城乡融合、乡村振兴等发展要求,提出城乡融合片的发展目标、定位以及实现城乡融合的实施路径,为其它地区城乡融合发展提供参考。

数字经济对城乡融合发展的影响研究——基于劳动力错配视角

城乡融合发展是应对城乡发展不平衡难题的关键所在,迫切需要引入当前经济体系中最活跃的数字经济来打破城乡融合发展中的困境。基于2011—2021年省级面板数据,建立熵值法指标体系,构建面板回归、门槛效应等模型,研究数字经济、城乡劳动力错配与城乡融合发展之间的关系。结果表明:数字经济能显著促进城乡融合发展;数字经济通过改善我国城乡劳动力错配现状,对城乡融合发展产生促进作用;而劳动力错配会带来效率损失,因此在数字经济促进城乡融合发展的过程中表现出遮掩效应。数字经济对城乡融合发展的作用程度受城乡劳动力错配门槛效应影响,当城乡劳动力错配程度较高时,数字经济的促进效应会被大幅抑制,造成资源浪费且不利于城乡融合发展。基于此,提出优化布局数字新基建,利用数字赋能调节城乡要素配置,完善要素市场体系,深化城乡分割体制改革,建设全国统一大市场等建议。

“兼容型城镇化”与“新三元结构”——一种解释和分析中国新阶段城镇化的新视角与新框架

随着中国经济社会发展进入新阶段,农业转移人口正在经历从远距离迁徙向近域流动转变,从满足家庭生计需要向更高质量发展转变,从公共服务不足向城乡公共服务兼容共享转变。从“人的城镇化”出发,提出“兼容型城镇化”的概念,即动态生活于城市和乡村之间,生产生活方式具有城乡双栖、工农兼业特征,同时享有城市和乡村公共服务的城镇化形态。兼容型城镇化还具有灵活就业、就地非农化、职住空间耦合等特征。这一现象受到城乡二元制度框架下的“推拉均衡”机制、以家庭分工合作为基础的城乡兼容型家庭机制、以文明素质提升和社会跃迁为表征的人的现代化机制的共同作用。案例分析表明,兼容型城镇化包括以特大城市功能外溢为基础的就地兼容型城镇化和以县城为载体的就近兼容型城镇化两种模式。当前,城乡之间呈现出以兼容型城镇化为特征的“新三元结构”,引导和促进这个“第三元”健康有序发展,有利于协同推动新型城镇化和乡村振兴,促进城乡融合发展,最终实现城乡一体化。

数字经济对经济韧性的影响——基于城乡协调发展视角

提高经济韧性是稳住宏观经济大盘的关键之举。基于2011—2021年省级面板数据,从城乡协调发展这一全新视角解释数字经济和经济韧性之间的关系。研究结果表明数字经济能够显著提升区域经济韧性。借助函数分析法计算的经济韧性通过稳健性检验。为解决模型中内生性问题,以Bartik作为工具变量进行2SLS回归,结果依然稳健。区域异质性结果显示中部地区数字经济对经济韧性的正向影响明显优于西部和东部地区。作用渠道包括:数字经济促进城镇和农村的消费结构优化进而提高经济韧性;数字经济促进城镇和农村居民的收入水平提高进而增强经济韧性。因此,从城乡协调发展视角出发,数字经济可以优化城乡消费结构,提升城乡收入水平,促进城乡收入协调增长,实现经济韧性水平的提升。