Dual-channel redox reactions for photocatalytic H_(2)-evolution coupled with photoreforming oxidation of waste materials

Dual-channel redox reaction system is advantageous for photocatalytic hydrogen(H_(2))production when coupled with photoreforming oxidation of waste materials,benefiting both thermodynamically and kinetically.However,existing reviews primarily focus on specific oxidation reactions,such as oxidative organic synthesis and water remediation,often neglecting recent advancements in plastic upgrading,biomass conversion,and H_(2)O_(2)production,and failing to provide an in-depth discussion of catalytic mechanisms.This review addresses these gaps by offering a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in dual-channel redox reactions for photocatalytic H_(2)-evolution and waste photoreforming.It highlights waste-to-wealth design concepts,examines the challenges,advantages and diverse applications of dual-channel photocatalytic reactions,including photoreforming of biomass,alcohol,amine,plastic waste,organic pollutants,and H_(2)O_(2)production.Emphasizing improvement strategies and exploration of catalytic mechanisms,it includes advanced in-situ characterization,spin capture experiments,and DFT calculations.By identifying challenges and future directions in this field,this review provides valuable insights for designing innovative dual-channel photocatalytic systems.

Research on Alliance Decision of Dual-Channel Remanufacturing Supply Chain Considering Bidirectional Free-Riding and Cost-Sharing

This study delves into the formation dynamics of alliances within a closed-loop supply chain(CLSC)that encom-passes a manufacturer,a retailer,and an e-commerce platform.It leverages Stackelberg game for this exploration,contrasting the equilibrium outcomes of a non-alliance model with those of three differentiated alliance models.The non-alliance model acts as a crucial benchmark,enabling the evaluation of the motivations for various supply chain entities to engage in alliance formations.Our analysis is centered on identifying the most effective alliance strategies and establishing a coordination within these partnerships.We thoroughly investigate the consequences of diverse alliance behaviors,bidirectional free-riding and cost-sharing,and the resultant effects on the optimal decision-making among supply chain actors.The findings underscore several pivotal insights:(1)The behavior of alliances within the supply chain exerts variable impacts on the optimal pricing and demand of its members.In comparison to the non-alliance(D)model,the manufacturer-retailer(MR)and manufacturer-e-commerce platform(ME)alliances significantly lower both offline and online resale prices for new and remanufactured goods.This adjustment leads to an enhanced demand for products via the MR alliance’s offline outlets and the ME alliance’s online platforms,thereby augmenting the profits for those within the alliance.Conversely,retailer-e-commerce platform(ER)alliance tends to increase the optimal retail price and demand across both online and offline channels.Under specific conditions,alliance behavior can also increase the profits of non-alliance members,and the profits derived through alliance channels also exceed those from non-alliance channels.(2)The prevalence of bidirectional free-riding behavior largely remains constant across different alliance configurations.Across these models,bidirectional free-riding typically elevates the equilibrium prices in offline channel while negatively affecting the equilibrium prices in other channel.(3)The effect of cost-sharing shows relative uniformity across the various alliance models.Across all configurations,cost-sharing tends to reduce the manufacturer’s profits.Nonetheless,alliances initiated by the manufacturer can counteract these negative impacts,providing a strategic pathway to bolster CLSC profitability.

Lift-Off Effect of Koch and Circular Differential Pickup Eddy Current Probes

A flexible or planar eddy current probe with a differential structure can suppress the lift-off noise during the inspection of defects.However,the extent of the lift-off effect on differential probes,including different coil structures,varies.In this study,two planar eddy current probes with differential pickup structures and the same size,Koch and circular probes,were used to compare lift-off effects.The eddy current distributions of the probes perturbed by 0°and 90°cracks were obtained by finite element analysis.The analysis results show that the 90°crack can impede the eddy current induced by the Koch probe even further at relatively low lift-off distance.The peak-to-peak values of the signal output from the two probes were compared at different lift-off distances using finite element analysis and experimental methods.In addition,the effects of different frequencies on the lift-off were studied experimentally.The results show that the signal peak-to-peak value of the Koch probe for the inspection of cracks in 90°orientation is larger than that of the circular probe when the lift-off distance is smaller than 1.2 mm.In addition,the influence of the lift-off distance on the peak-to-peak signal value of the two probes was studied via normalization.This indicates that the influence becomes more evident with an increase in excitation frequency.This research discloses the lift-off effect of differential planar eddy current probes with different coil shapes and proves the detection merit of the Koch probe for 90°cracks at low lift-off distances.

面向工业动态取送货问题的分解多目标进化算法

由于工业动态取送货问题具有垛口、时间窗、容量、后进先出装载等多种约束,现有的车辆路径算法大多只优化一个加权目标函数,在求解过程中难以保持解的多样性,所以容易陷入局部最优区域而停止收敛。针对上述问题,提出了一种融合高效局部搜索策略的分解多目标进化算法。首先,该算法将工业动态取送货问题建模成多目标优化问题,进一步将其分解为多个子问题并同时进行求解。然后,利用交叉操作增强解的多样性,再使用局部搜索加快收敛速度。因此,该算法在求解该多目标优化问题时能够更好地平衡解的多样性和收敛性。最后,从种群中选择一个最好的解来完成当前时段的取送货任务。基于64个华为公司实际测试问题的仿真结果表明,该算法在求解工业动态取送货问题上的性能表现最优;同时,在20个京东物流大规模配送问题上的实验也验证了该算法良好的泛化性。

计及冷负荷启动时变特性的弹性配电网供电恢复

极端灾害事件引发配电网停电后,利用分布式电源构建孤岛微电网恢复重要负荷供电,能有效提升配电网弹性。现有研究在制定配电网供电恢复策略时大都采用恒定负载模型,未考虑冷负荷启动时负载峰值引起的三相电流不平衡,无法保证孤岛微电网的安全运行。该文提出一种计及冷负荷启动时变特性的弹性配电网供电恢复方法。首先,考虑冷负荷启动特性与停电时间之间的关系,建立与时间相关的冷负荷启动模型,并通过采样法生成负荷功率需求曲线;其次,以加权负荷恢复量最大为目标,考虑微电网功率平衡、电流不平衡度等约束,建立协同区域划分、恢复路径和负荷投运时序的配电网供电恢复模型;再次,对模型进行线性化处理,将其转换为混合整数规划问题进行求解;最后,采用IEEE 37节点配电系统,对所提方法的有效性进行验证。

PICKUP项目:英国大学继续教育转型的催化剂

专业、工业和商业更新项目是英国教育与科学部上世纪80年代初期推出的一项教育项目。PICKUP项目旨在通过工作成人的职业培训,增强产业与学院、多科技术学院乃至大学之间的联系和对接,另外还在英国大学继续教育机构由原先注重非职业的自由教育转向注重职业技能教育的更为综合的继续教育等方面担当了一个推动者的角色。

优先配送绿色VRP的混合启发式求解算法

考虑物流配送中部分客户货物存在不可混装的问题,在传统同时取送绿色车辆路径问题基础上,根据客户需求将客户划分为优先配送、非优先只取不送、非优先有取有送3种类型,并建立最小化总成本的单目标非线性优化模型。基于模拟退火和自适应大邻域搜索算法设计了一种混合启发式求解方法,采用改进的节约算法构造初始解,在模拟退火算法框架中利用5种破坏算子和2种修复算子进行自适应大邻域搜索,直至稳定。仿真结果表明:所提算法能有效降低总成本和减少车辆数,且具有较快的收敛速度和较强的稳定性。

时变路网及区域限时禁飞下车辆-无人机同时取送货路径问题

针对车辆行驶速度具有时间依赖特性的电动车-无人机协同配送问题,综合考虑分时段禁飞的无人机禁飞区、同时取送货、无人机一次行程可服务多个客户、载重和速度对车辆与无人机能耗的影响等因素,以总配送成本最小化为目标,建立电动车-无人机协同配送优化模型。根据问题特征,采用多层整数编码形式生成车辆、无人机初始路径,设计自适应大邻域搜索算法求解模型,该算法引入算子评分机制对移除、插入算子进行自适应选择,结合模拟退火算法的劣解接受准则,使算法不易陷入局部最优。通过多组算例验证了模型和算法的有效性,并分析了考虑禁飞区绕行、无人机一次行程服务客户数量、最低荷电状态的设置对配送方案的影响。研究成果丰富和拓展了VRP的研究领域,可为物流企业制定配送方案提供理论依据。

A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for the Traveling Salesman Problem with Pickup and Delivery

In this paper, a hybrid genetic algorithm （GA） is proposed for the traveling salesman problem （TSP） with pickup and delivery （TSPPD）. In our algorithm, a novel pheromone-based crossover operator is advanced that utilizes both local and global information to construct offspring. In addition, a local search procedure is integrated into the GA to accelerate convergence. The proposed GA has been tested on benchmark instances, and the computational results show that it gives better convergence than existing heuristics.

Ion pickup by intrinsic low-frequency Alfvén waves with a spectrum

Ion pickup by a monochromatic low-frequency Alfv6n wave, which propagates along the background magnetic field, has recently been investigated in a low beta plasma （Lu and Li 2007 Phys. Plasmas 14 042303）. In this paper, the monochromatic Alfven wave is generalized to a spectrum of Alfven waves with random phase. It finds that the process of ion pickup can be divided into two stages. First, ions are picked up in the transverse direction, and then phase difference （randomization） between ions due to their different parallel thermal motions leads to heating of the ions. The heating is dominant in the direction perpendicular to the background magnetic field. The temperatures of the ions at the asymptotic stage do not depend on individual waves in the spectrum, but are determined by the total amplitude of the waves. The effect of the initial ion bulk flow in the parallel direction on the heating is also considered in this paper.

Effect of Front Baffle Inclination Angle and Pressure Drop on Absorption Performance of a Pickup Mouth

In order to improve the dust absorption performance of the reverse blowing pickup mouth, the gas-solid flow motion properties inside the reverse blowing pickup mouth were simulated by using computational fluid dynamics( CFD) software,Fluent.The results show that both the front baffle inclination angle and the pressure drop across the pickup mouth have significant impacts on dust absorption performance. As the inclination angle is increased,there is an increase in the overall and grade removal efficiency. As the front baffle inclination angle or pressure drop is increased,there is an increase in the overall and grade removal efficiencies.However,pressure drop affects energy consumption. Front baffle inclination angle and pressure drop are optimized. Optimal inclination angle and pressure drop are 105° and 2 300 Pa respectively. Sample machine is made and measured,which further verifies the appropriateness of numerical simulation and practicability of optimum strategy.

Altruism and Pricing Strategy in Dual-Channel Supply Chains

With the development of behavioral operational management, human behavior such as altruism, fairness and trust has received considerable attention. This paper studies the effect of altruism on retailer’s and manufacturer’s pricing strategy in two classic dual-channel supply chains by presenting Stackelberg game models. The analysis shows that the player’s altruism preference strongly affects their pricing strategies. The more altruistic one player is, the more profits the other player obtains. Moreover, the effect of manufacturer’s altruistic preference is larger than that of retailer’s. In addition, online price is always lower than offline price in dual-channel supply chain, which still holds true considering altruism. The results also reveal that the product web-fit has significant effect on the player’s optimal pricing strategies. The more compatible with online market the product is, the lower the retail price is set, and the more profit the manufacturer obtains whereas the less the retailer gets.

A bi-population immune algorithm for weapon transportation support scheduling problem with pickup and delivery on aircraft carrier deck

The weapon transportation support scheduling problem on aircraft carrier deck is the key to restricting the sortie rate and combat capability of carrier-based aircraft.This paper studies the problem and presents a novel solution architecture.Taking the interference of the carrier-based aircraft deck layout on the weapon transportation route and precedence constraint into consideration,a mixed integer formulation is established to minimize the total objective,which is constituted of makespan,load variance and accumulative transfer time of support unit.Solution approach is developed for the model.Firstly,based on modeling the carrier aircraft parked on deck as convex obstacles,the path library of weapon transportation is constructed through visibility graph and Warshall-Floyd methods.We then propose a bi-population immune algorithm in which a population-based forward/backward scheduling technique,local search schemes and a chaotic catastrophe operator are embedded.Besides,the randomkey solution representation and serial scheduling generation scheme are adopted to conveniently obtain a better solution.The Taguchi method is additionally employed to determine key parameters of the algorithm.Finally,on a set of generated realistic instances,we demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms all compared algorithms designed for similar optimization problems and can significantly improve the efficiency,and that the established model and the bi-population immune algorithm can effectively respond to the weapon support requirements of carrier-based aircraft under different sortie missions.

Solving Multitrip Pickup and Delivery Problem With Time Windows and Manpower Planning Using Multiobjective Algorithms

The multitrip pickup and delivery problem with time windows and manpower planning(MTPDPTW-MP)determines a set of ambulance routes and finds staff assignment for a hospital. It involves different stakeholders with diverse interests and objectives. This study firstly introduces a multiobjective MTPDPTW-MP(MO-MTPDPTWMP) with three objectives to better describe the real-world scenario. A multiobjective iterated local search algorithm with adaptive neighborhood selection(MOILS-ANS) is proposed to solve the problem. MOILS-ANS can generate a diverse set of alternative solutions for decision makers to meet their requirements. To better explore the search space, problem-specific neighborhood structures and an adaptive neighborhood selection strategy are carefully designed in MOILS-ANS. Experimental results show that the proposed MOILS-ANS significantly outperforms the other two multiobjective algorithms. Besides, the nature of objective functions and the properties of the problem are analyzed. Finally, the proposed MOILS-ANS is compared with the previous single-objective algorithm and the benefits of multiobjective optimization are discussed.

Numerical Simulation of Gas-Solid Two-Phase Flow in Reverse Blowing Pickup Mouth

Pickup mouth is a key component for the service performance of a street sweeper. Computational fluid dynamics( CFD) technology,as an analysis tool in fluid flow simulation,is employed in this work because it can greatly shorten the design period. To obtain higher simulation accuracy,the gas-solid coupling inside the process cannot be neglected during numerical simulation.Our optimization procedure considers the influence of structure and operational parameters. It is recommended that the outlet diameter is less than 0. 42 of the width and the outlet inclination angle is 110°for structure parameters. The dust collection efficiency is improved when the reverse flow rate is 70% of the total volume,the sweepertraveling speed is 10 km / h,and the pressure drop is 2 400 Pa.Simulation results exhibit well consistency with the physical experimental results.

Competitive location problem of multi-level pickup point considering cooperative coverage

To occupy a greater market share in terminal distribution, companies are urged to make full use of cooperative coverage formed with brand effect and information sharing in the layout of pickup points. Based on the diversity of pickup points, the piecewise function, signal intensity function and probability function are introduced. Meanwhile, considering the effect of distance satisfaction and cooperation coverage on customer behavior, the location model of the pickup point under competitive environments is established. The genetic algorithm is used to solve the problem, and the effectiveness of the model and algorithm is verified by a case. The results show that the sensitivity of weighted demand coverages to budget decreases gradually. The maximum weighted demand coverage increases at first and then decreases with the increase of the signal threshold, and there is a positive correlation with the change of the actual demand coverage to the senior customers, but it is negatively related to the intermediate and primary customers. When the number of high-level pickup points in a competitive enterprise is small, the advantage of the target enterprise is more significant. Through comparison, the cooperative coverage model is better than the non-cooperative coverage model, in terms of the weighted demand coverage, the construction cost and the attention paid to the important customers.

Dual-Channel Communication of Column Plasma Antenna Excited by a Surface Wave——Actualization and Simulation of Radiation Pattern

Along with the introduction of the concept of dual-channel communication,we utilized the finite-difference time-domain（FDTD） method to simulate and measure the radiation pattern under certain plasma densities and plasma collision frequencies.Results show that under certain settings,the radiation pattern of a plasma antenna resembles that of a metallic antenna.In contrast to a metallic antenna,a plasma antenna possesses other functionalities,such as dynamic reconfiguration and digital controllability.The data from simulation are similar to the measurement results,indicating that column plasma antenna can realize dual-channel communication.This work confirms the viability of realizing dual-channel communication by column plasma antenna,which adds a new but promising method for modern intelligent communication.

Development of a low-loss magnetic-coupling pickup for 166.6-MHz quarter-wave beta=1 superconducting cavities

166.6-MHz quarter-waveβ=1 superconducting cavities have been adopted for the High Energy Photon Source,a 6-GeV diffraction-limited synchrotron light source currently under construction.A large helium jacket was required to accommodate the enlarged cavity beam pipe for the heavy damping of higher-order modes;the original electric-probe pickup thus becomes inevitably long with unfavorable mechanical properties.Relocated to an existing high-pressure-rinsing port,a magnetic-loop pickup was designed,characterized by low radio-frequency and cryogenic losses and being multipacting-free and insensitive to manufacturing and assembly tolerances.The consequent removal of the original pickup port from the cavity largely simplified the helium jacket fabrication and may also reduce cavity contamination.This paper presents a comprehensive design of a low-loss magnetic-coupling pickup for quarter-waveβ=1 superconducting cavities.The design can also be applied to other non-elliptical structures.

Measurement of cross sections for charge pickup by 84Kr on Al, C and CH2 targets at 400 MeV/u

The nuclear charge pickup cross sections of 84Kr on CH2,C,and Al targets are investigated using CR-39 nuclear track detector at the highest energy of 395 MeV/u.The cross sections for H are calculated from those measured on C and CH2 targets.The dependence of the charge pickup cross section on target mass is studied.

Dual-channel fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance sensor with cascaded coaxial dual-waveguide D-type structure and microsphere structure

To address the restriction of fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance(SPR) sensors in the field of multi-sample detection, a novel dual-channel fiber-optic SPR sensor based on the cascade of coaxial dual-waveguide D-type structure and microsphere structure is proposed in this paper. The fiber sidepolishing technique converts the coaxial dual-waveguide fiber into a D-type one, and the evanescent wave in the ring core leaks, generating a D-type sensing region;the fiber optic fused ball push technology converts the coaxial dual waveguides into microspheres, and the stimulated cladding mode evanescent wave leaks, producing the microsphere sensing region. By injecting light into the coaxial dual-waveguide middle core alone, the sensor can realize single-stage sensing in the microsphere sensing area;it can also realize dual-channel sensing in the D-type sensing area and microsphere sensing area by injecting light into the ring core. The refractive index measurement ranges for the two channels are 1.333–1.365 and 1.375–1.405, respectively, with detection sensitivities of 981.56 nm/RIU and 4138 nm/RIU. The sensor combines wavelength division multiplexing and space division multiplexing technologies, presenting a novel research concept for multi-channel fiber SPR sensors.