Research on Alliance Decision of Dual-Channel Remanufacturing Supply Chain Considering Bidirectional Free-Riding and Cost-Sharing

This study delves into the formation dynamics of alliances within a closed-loop supply chain(CLSC)that encom-passes a manufacturer,a retailer,and an e-commerce platform.It leverages Stackelberg game for this exploration,contrasting the equilibrium outcomes of a non-alliance model with those of three differentiated alliance models.The non-alliance model acts as a crucial benchmark,enabling the evaluation of the motivations for various supply chain entities to engage in alliance formations.Our analysis is centered on identifying the most effective alliance strategies and establishing a coordination within these partnerships.We thoroughly investigate the consequences of diverse alliance behaviors,bidirectional free-riding and cost-sharing,and the resultant effects on the optimal decision-making among supply chain actors.The findings underscore several pivotal insights:(1)The behavior of alliances within the supply chain exerts variable impacts on the optimal pricing and demand of its members.In comparison to the non-alliance(D)model,the manufacturer-retailer(MR)and manufacturer-e-commerce platform(ME)alliances significantly lower both offline and online resale prices for new and remanufactured goods.This adjustment leads to an enhanced demand for products via the MR alliance’s offline outlets and the ME alliance’s online platforms,thereby augmenting the profits for those within the alliance.Conversely,retailer-e-commerce platform(ER)alliance tends to increase the optimal retail price and demand across both online and offline channels.Under specific conditions,alliance behavior can also increase the profits of non-alliance members,and the profits derived through alliance channels also exceed those from non-alliance channels.(2)The prevalence of bidirectional free-riding behavior largely remains constant across different alliance configurations.Across these models,bidirectional free-riding typically elevates the equilibrium prices in offline channel while negatively affecting the equilibrium prices in other channel.(3)The effect of cost-sharing shows relative uniformity across the various alliance models.Across all configurations,cost-sharing tends to reduce the manufacturer’s profits.Nonetheless,alliances initiated by the manufacturer can counteract these negative impacts,providing a strategic pathway to bolster CLSC profitability.

Dual-channel fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance sensor with cascaded coaxial dual-waveguide D-type structure and microsphere structure

To address the restriction of fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance(SPR) sensors in the field of multi-sample detection, a novel dual-channel fiber-optic SPR sensor based on the cascade of coaxial dual-waveguide D-type structure and microsphere structure is proposed in this paper. The fiber sidepolishing technique converts the coaxial dual-waveguide fiber into a D-type one, and the evanescent wave in the ring core leaks, generating a D-type sensing region;the fiber optic fused ball push technology converts the coaxial dual waveguides into microspheres, and the stimulated cladding mode evanescent wave leaks, producing the microsphere sensing region. By injecting light into the coaxial dual-waveguide middle core alone, the sensor can realize single-stage sensing in the microsphere sensing area;it can also realize dual-channel sensing in the D-type sensing area and microsphere sensing area by injecting light into the ring core. The refractive index measurement ranges for the two channels are 1.333–1.365 and 1.375–1.405, respectively, with detection sensitivities of 981.56 nm/RIU and 4138 nm/RIU. The sensor combines wavelength division multiplexing and space division multiplexing technologies, presenting a novel research concept for multi-channel fiber SPR sensors.

Robust dual-channel correlation algorithm for complex weak target detection with wideband radar

In the scene of wideband radar,due to the spread of target scattering points,the attitude and angle of view of the target constantly change in the process of moving.It is difficult to predict,and the actual echo of multiple scattered points is not fully matched with the transmitted signal.Therefore,it is challenging for the traditional matching filter method to achieve a complete matching effect in wideband echo detection.In addition,the energy dispersion of complex target echoes is still a problem in radar target detection under broadband conditions.Therefore,this paper proposes a wideband target detection method based on dualchannel correlation processing of range-extended targets.This method fully uses the spatial distribution characteristics of target scattering points of echo signal and the matching characteristics of the dual-channel point extension function itself.The radial accumulation of wideband target echo signal in the complex domain is realized through the adaptive correlation processing of a dual-channel echo signal.The accu-mulation effect of high matching degree is achieved to improve the detection probability and the performance of wideband detection.Finally,electromagnetic simulation experiments and measured data verify that the proposed method has the advan-tages of high signal to noise ratio(SNR)gain and high detection probability under low SNR conditions.

Application of Intuitionistic Z-Numbers in Supplier Selection

Intuitionistic fuzzy numbers incorporate the membership and non-membership degrees.In contrast,Z-numbers consist of restriction components,with the existence of a reliability component describing the degree of certainty for the restriction.The combination of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers and Z-numbers produce a new type of fuzzy numbers,namely intuitionistic Z-numbers(IZN).The strength of IZN is their capability of better handling the uncertainty compared to Zadeh's Z-numbers since both components of Z-numbers are charac-terized by the membership and non-membership functions,exhibiting the degree of the hesitancy of decision-makers.This paper presents the application of such numbers in fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making problems.A decision-making model is proposed using the trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy power ordered weighted average as the aggregation function and the ranking function to rank the alternatives.The proposed model is then implemented in a supplier selection problem.The obtained ranking is compared to the existing models based on Z-numbers.The results show that the ranking order is slightly different from the existing models.Sensitivity analysis is performed to validate the obtained ranking.The sensitivity analysis result shows that the best supplier is obtained using the proposed model with 80%to 100%consistency despite the drastic change of criteria weights.Intuitionistic Z-numbers play a very important role in describing the uncertainty in the decision makers’opinions in solving decision-making problems.

不同集中度下供应商稳定性对公司债务融资成本的影响

近年来,上市公司供应商断供事件频发,对公司的经营管理产生了不可忽视的负面影响,引起了社会各界的广泛关注。基于此,从外部利益相关者债权人的视角,收集整理2008—2021年沪深A股804家上市公司2825个年度供应商稳定性数据,实证检验供应商稳定性对公司债务融资成本的影响及其机制。研究发现,供应商稳定性能够显著降低公司的债务融资成本,表明外部债权人更看好供应商关系稳定的公司。调节机制分析表明,较高的供应商集中度会削弱供应商稳定性对债务融资成本的降低效应。在采用替换变量、更换回归模型、赫克曼两步法、倾向得分匹配法进行稳健性检验后,以上结论仍然成立。从作用机制上看,供应商稳定性通过提升供应链效率降低债务融资成本。异质性分析发现,在大规模公司、行业市场竞争程度较强及地区市场化程度较高的公司样本中,供应商稳定性对债务融资成本的降低效应更显著。为更有效降低公司债务融资成本,公司应重视供应商的管理和维护,保持稳定的供应商关系,提高供应链效率;为充分发挥供应商稳定性对公司债务融资成本的降低效应,应将供应商集中度控制在合理水平;应实施差异化供应商管理策略,大规模公司、行业市场竞争较强及地区市场化程度较高的公司要高度重视供应商稳定性的促进作用,着力完善供应商关系管理,促使公司确定更合理的供应商稳定性水平。

客户资产减值与供应商企业投资

高效投资是产业链安全的重要保证,供应链信息溢出效应会导致客户信息对供应商企业投资产生影响。本文运用中国上市公司的供应商企业—客户关系数据,考察了客户资产减值如何影响供应商企业投资。研究发现,客户资产减值会降低供应商企业的投资水平,这验证了客户资产减值在供应链上存在溢出效应。进一步研究发现,客户资产减值通过使供应商企业的管理层产生悲观预期,以及加剧供应商企业的经营风险,进而降低供应商企业的投资水平,但未通过减少信贷资源供给影响供应商企业的投资。此外,对于非国有控股、较弱议价能力、较低行业资产流动性及较高客户媒体关注度的供应商企业,客户资产减值对其投资水平的负向影响更为明显。本文研究结论不仅为客户信息影响上游供应商企业投资提供了经验证据,而且还为监管层规范企业计提资产减值行为,进而提升供应链整体投资效率提供了政策启示。

Selecting suitable key supplier for core components during smart complex equipment central-private enterprises collaborative development process:from two different forms of evaluation information and matching perspective

With the development of central-private enterprises integration,selecting suitable key suppliers are able to provide core components for smart complex equipment.We consider selecting suitable key suppliers from matching perspective,for it not only satisfies natural development of smart complex equipment,it is also a good implementation of equipment project in central-private enterprises integration context.In in this paper,we carry out two parts of research,one is evaluation attributes based on comprehensive analysis,and the other is matching process between key suppliers and core components based on the matching attribute.In practical analysis process,we employ comprehensive evaluated analysis methods to acquire relevant attributes for the matching process that follows.In the analysis process,we adopt entropy-maximum deviation method(MDM)-decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)to obtain a comprehensive analysis.The entropy-MDM is applied to get weight value,DEMATEL is utilized to obtain internal relations,and TOPSIS is adopted to get ideal evaluated solution.We consider aggregating two types of evaluation information according to similarities of smart complex equipment based on the combination between geometric mean and arithmetic mean.Moreover,based on the aforementioned attributes and generalized power Heronian mean operator,we aggregate preference information to acquire relevant satisfaction degree,then combine the constructed matching model to get suitable key supplier.Through comprehensive analysis of selecting suitable suppliers,we know that two-sided matching and information aggregation can provide more research perspectives for smart complex equipment.Through analysis for relevant factors,we find that leading role and service level are also significant for the smart complex equipment development process.

基于云-TOPSIS法的应急物流供应商综合评价

为实现应急物流降本增效的目标,从供应商层面出发,运用云-逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)评价应急物流供应商综合能力;根据应急物流特点,从应急响应能力、物资质量、成本控制、应急响应柔性、企业内外部条件等5方面,构建应急物流供应商综合评价指标体系;借鉴博弈论思想,将用改进熵权法求得的客观权重和用层次分析法(AHP)求得的主观权重作为博弈对手,确定最优组合权重;运用云模型量化指标决策云和加权云对供应商的模糊定性评价语义;采用TOPSIS法构建正负理想解集合,计算备选方案与正负理想解的距离确定相对贴近度,确定最优备选方案。研究结果表明:指标决策云能准确地将评价语言量化,云-TOPSIS法的评价结果更合理;在供应商相对贴近度排序中,采用云-TOPSIS法计算的最优与最劣者差值为0.3315,而TOPSIS法为0.0882,两者相差0.2433,表明云-TOPSIS法的评价结果区分度更大,能更直观地辅助决策者做出最优选择。

网络嵌入与双元学习如何提升供应商创新性——一个模糊集定性比较分析

供应商创新性在推动供应链创新发展中发挥重要作用。既有文献侧重研究单个或多因素对供应商创新性的净效应,鲜有分析多因素对供应商创新性的协同效应。面对日益复杂和高度不确定的外部环境,需从整体角度探索供应商创新驱动路径。基于组态视角,采用模糊集定性比较分析方法(fsQCA),从网络嵌入和双元学习两个层面探讨4个前因条件对供应商创新性的联动效应及其作用路径。研究发现:关系嵌入、结构嵌入、利用式学习和探索式学习并不是构成企业提高或导致非高水平供应商创新性的必要条件,且单个前因条件对供应商创新水平的解释力较弱,提高供应商创新性的影响因素是多方面的;存在4条驱动供应商创新性的路径,即互动—学习模式、合作共创模式、学习驱动模式、探索-引领模式;导致非高水平供应商创新性的路径有2条,且与供应商创新性提升路径具有非对称性;网络嵌入与双元学习的合理匹配,对提升供应商创新性具有重要作用。研究结论不仅可深化供应链创新、网络嵌入和双元学习相关理论,而且可为提高供应商创新性、促进供应链创新发展提供借鉴。

零售商促销努力驱动下供应商入侵决策

引入由单个供应商和单个零售商组成的两级供应链,考虑供应商拥有入侵能力和供应商没有入侵能力两种情形,构建了供应商与零售商之间的价格竞争模型,分析了零售商促销努力驱动下供应商的入侵决策方案.研究发现:供应商形成入侵能力所需的固定成本会对供应商的入侵决策产生影响,有入侵能力的供应商会在一定条件下向零售商承诺不入侵;零售商的促销策略会受供应商入侵能力的影响,选择促销对零售商来说并不总是有利的;零售商促销带来高收益的区域随着促销效率的增加而增加,零售商的促销效率越大,零售商利润也越高.

高管过度自信与供应商关系:集中化还是多元化?

“十四五”规划以及党的二十大报告提出要重视产业链与供应链现代化水平,着力提升供应链韧性及安全水平。本文利用2003—2022年沪深A股上市公司数据,从“为公”和“为私”两个视角探究高管过度自信对企业供应商战略决策的影响。研究发现:(1)拥有过度自信高管的企业倾向于表现出集中的供应商关系,高管过度自信对供应商关系的影响“为私”视角占据主导;(2)集中的供应商关系是过度自信高管盈余管理行为的必然结果;(3)资源约束能够负向调节高管过度自信对供应商集中度的影响;(4)融资约束、经济政策不确定性、行业竞争程度能够正向调节高管过度自信对供应商集中度的影响。以上研究结论有助于探索影响企业供应商关系的前因,厘清企业供应商集中度较高的内在作用机理。

绿色发展视角下钢铁产业物资供应商评价与选择

钢铁产业原材料成本占产品成本的70%左右甚至更高,加强钢铁产业原材料供应商管理,建立完善的供应商评价体系,是钢铁产业降本增效的重要举措。为了科学合理的对供应商进行评价与选择,针对我国对钢铁行业提出的降成本、增效率、低能耗的发展要求,从经济、效率以及社会效益三个维度,构建了钢铁行业供应商评价体系,并对各个指标进行细分,运用层次分析法,结合实例分析,最终确定影响钢铁行业供应商选择的关键指标是效率指标,其次是经济指标,最后是社会效益指标,为钢铁行业供应商的选择提供借鉴。

基于网络演算的复杂产品系统供应商风险度量

复杂产品系统研制过程中供应商之间协同设计制造复杂性高,风险通过供应商间的协作关系相互作用和传导。面向复杂产品系统,构建供应商层次网络,考虑供应商风险累积与风险应对及时性的交互影响,通过引入通信领域网络演算理论,基于积压和时延性能指标刻画风险的特征,将不确定的供应商风险量化问题转化为最坏边界求值问题,实现风险的确界度量。以航空复杂产品系统为例对模型进行验证,可以辨识供应商在协同研制过程中面临的重要风险,为复杂产品系统供应商风险管理提供参考依据。

企业数字化转型对供应商创新的机制影响研究

在数字经济快速发展背景下,数字化转型已成为企业的关注焦点,供应商作为企业发展的重要合作伙伴,其创新水平受到广泛关注。基于供应商-客户关系视角,以2012—2021年A股上市制造业企业为样本,探究企业数字化转型对供应商创新的作用机制。研究发现:第一,企业数字化转型与供应商创新绩效正相关,表明企业数字化转型有助于供应商创新绩效的提高,该结论在经过一系列稳健性和内生性检验后依旧成立;第二,供应商集中度对企业数字化转型促进供应商创新具有正向调节作用;第三,进一步分析发现,企业数字化转型通过倒逼效应和创新溢出效应促进供应商创新绩效提升。

企业前瞻性环保导向驱动开放式绿色创新效能提升路径研究——基于供应商资源编排视角

供应商参与制造企业开放式绿色创新是制造企业实施开放式绿色创新的常见形态。从供应商资源编排视角,探究制造企业前瞻性环保导向驱动开放式绿色创新效能提升路径。基于231个制造商—供应商配对样本数据的实证研究表明:供应商作为资源提供者参与以及供应商作为共同创造者参与,是制造企业在开放式绿色创新中编排供应商参与角色的两种形式,能够在前瞻性环保导向与开放式绿色创新效能之间发挥不完全中介作用;制造商—供应商不对称依赖正向调节供应商作为资源提供者参与的中介作用,但对供应商作为共同创造者参与的中介作用发挥负向调节作用;两种供应商参与角色编排形式的中介效应比重会随着双方不对称依赖程度变化而改变。结论不仅能够丰富开放式绿色创新研究,而且可为中国制造企业贯彻落实创新驱动绿色转型发展方针提供理论参考。

基于CRITIC-TOPSIS模型的图书馆图书供应商评价研究

[目的/意义]旨在构建图书供应商的评价指标体系与评价模型,为图书馆优选图书供应商提供决策依据和方法。[方法/过程]以BSC模型为分析基础从供应商的影响力、供应能力、服务水平、价格、响应能力等维度形成了图书供应商的评价指标体系,构建了CRITIC-TOPSIS评价模型,以对图书供应商进行评价和选择。[结果/结论]该评价模型考虑了评价指标间的变异性和相关性,缓解了选择图书供应商时存在的主观不确定性,可以为图书馆选择优质图书供应商提供方法和指导。

数字金融发展对企业间商业信用融资的影响研究

数字金融有效破解了金融排斥困境,缓解了企业融资约束,但其对企业间商业信用融资的影响仍有待检验。以2011—2019年中国A股非金融类上市公司为研究对象,实证检验数字金融发展对企业间商业信用融资的影响。研究结果表明:数字金融的发展抑制了企业间的商业信用融资行为。调节机制检验表明:行业竞争程度越低、供应商集中度越高、客户集中度越高,数字金融对企业间商业信用融资的抑制作用越强。进一步分析发现:基于供应链的银行信用,在数字金融发展影响企业间商业信用融资的过程中发挥了部分中介作用;数字金融技术促进了银行的供应链金融服务发展,抑制了企业间通过商业信用进行融资的需求,能够缓解企业间占款问题。今后,应发挥数字金融的优势,挖掘供应链金融的潜力,规范金融监管,引导企业合理利用各种融资方式。

铁路工程建设可持续供应链网络集成优化研究

随着国家对铁路工程项目可持续发展的日益重视,迫切需要先进且集成的供应链网络设计方案理论与方法来提高供应链效率、可持续绩效以及资源利用率。实施可持续供应链网络设计已成为实现铁路工程可持续发展的重要途径,而供应商选择、物流设施选址、路径规划、库存管理以及工程废弃物回收再利用等决策是铁路工程供应链管理的核心与关键问题。针对我国铁路工程建设供应链管理特点,从可持续视角研究铁路工程建设供应链网络设计集成优化问题,提出两阶段的求解框架:其中,第1阶段基于可持续指标体系运用模糊TOPSIS方法确定最佳供应商选择;第2阶段针对物流设施选址、库存控制策略与网络最佳流量分配的集成决策问题,构建了基于模糊规划的多周期多目标供应链网络集成决策优化模型。该优化模型考虑了运输过程的不确定性,以供应链总成本、碳排放量最小以及社会效益最大为优化目标。针对上述多周期多目标优化模型的特征,设计了改进的宽容分层序列算法进行求解。最后,基于我国丰雄商铁路工程建设项目进行案例研究,验证了上述求解框架与算法的有效性,并针对单位运价、单位运输碳排放量以及弃置率3个关键参数进行了敏感性分析。研究结果表明:1)批量折扣策略可以在联合采购中节省大量成本;2)运输模式与路径优化对系统的效率和可持续绩效有决定性影响;3)与管理学手段相比,推进新能源的使用是降低碳排放量最有效的措施;4)社会效益的提高不可避免地需要更高的成本,政府合理的补贴政策是提高企业积极性的关键举措;5)长远来看,铁路工程项目中的废弃物回收利用是实现可持续工程建设的重要途径,其技术和应用的发展都应受到重视。

数字化转型、供应链集中度与供应商创新

数字化转型不仅改变了供应链的创新分工,也影响了供应链的组织关联与价值布局,是企业创新的主要动力来源。以2006-2020年的A股上市公司为研究对象,通过对公司年报文本信息进行挖掘,构建数字化转型指标,并实证分析了客户企业数字化转型与供应链创新的关系机制,以及供应链集中度的调节作用。研究发现,客户企业数字化转型有利于提升供应商创新水平。作用机制分析表明,客户企业数字化转型能够通过溢出机制与激励机制推进供应商创新。客户集中度与供应商集中度在上述关系以及机制中分别具有负向与正向的调节作用。异质性分析表明,客户企业数字化转型对非国有性质、高技术产业以及远距离的供应商企业的创新水平提升作用更为显著。因此,供应商企业应紧密把握客户企业的数字化转型进程,建立“链条整合”的经营思路,加强与客户企业的协同创新合作力度,以数字化转型带动创新水平的提升。

Selection Model in Buyer-Supplier Relationships

This paper proposes a new method of selecting appropriate buyer supplier relationships (BSR) for specific projects. Because it is almost impossible in reality to establish mathematical relationships between the BSR attributes and the factors of a project, the concept of relationship indices (RI) is introduced to quantify such BSR which are in turn established through design of experiments. Based on the experimental results, the contributions of project factors, known as factors relationship worths (RW...