Label-Free and Real-Time Monitor of Binding and Dissociation Processes between Protein A and Swine IgG by Oblique-Incidence Reflectivity Difference Method

Life science has a need for detection methods that are label-free and real-time. In this paper, we have selected staphylococcal protein A （SPA） and swine immunoglobulin G （IgG）, and monitor the bindings between SPA and swine IgG with different concentrations, as well as the dissociations of SPA-swine IgG complex in different pH values of phosphate buffer by oblique-incidence reflectivity difference （OIRD） in a label-free and real-time fashion. We obtain the ON and OFF reaction dynamic curves corresponding to the bindings and dissociations of SPA and swine IgG. Through our analysis of the experimental results, we have been able to obtain the damping coefficients and the dissociation time of SPA and swine IgG for different pH values of the phosphate buffer. The results prove that the OIRD technique is a competing method for monitoring the dynamic processes of biomolecule interaction and achieving the quantitative information of reaction kinetics.

Homologous fault monitoring technology of redundant INS in airborne avionics systems

Redundant technology plays an important role in improving the reliability and fault-tolerance of the airborne avionics systems. A Markov state transition model is introduced to the reliability analysis of the redundant inertial navigation system （RINS） in airborne navigation systems. An information processing mechanism based on difference filtering is put forward to strengthen the consistency between the outputs of the equal-precision inertial navigation system （INS）. On this basis, the homologous fault monitoring algorithm is designed to realize the homologous fault monitoring of RINS. The simulation is carried out based on the above algorithms, and the results verify the effectiveness of the proposed fault monitoring algorithm based on difference filtering. Research results have good reference value for the configuration and design of RINS in airborne integrated avionics systems.

Orthogonal experiment design of EMI of security monitoring system in coal mines

Security monitoring system of coal mines is indispensable to ensure the safe and efficient production of colliery. Due to the special and narrow underground field of the coal mine, the electromagnetic interference can cause a series of misstatements and false positives on the monitoring system, which will severely hamper the safe production of coal industry. In this paper, first, the frequency characteristics of the interference source on the power line are extracted when equipment runs normally. Then the finite difference time domain method is introduced to analyze the effects of the electromagnetic interference parameters on the security monitoring signal line. And the interference voltage of the two terminal sides on the single line is taken as evaluating indexes. Finally, the electromagnetic interference parameters are optimized by orthogonal experimental design based on the MATLAB simulation on the normal operation of equipment.

Estimating extreme temperature differences in steel box girder using long-term measurement data

The extreme temperature differences in fiat steel box girder of a cable-stayed bridge were studied.Firstly,by using the long-term measurement data collected by the structural health monitoring system installed on the Runyang Cable-stayed Bridge,the daily variations as well as seasonal ones of measured temperature differences in the box girder cross-section area were summarized.The probability distribution models of temperature differences were further established and the extreme temperature differences were estimated with a return period of 100 years.Finally,the temperature difference models in cross-section area were proposed for bridge thermal design.The results show that horizontal temperature differences in top plate and vertical temperature differences between top plate and bottom plate are considerable.All the positive and negative temperature differences can be described by the weighted sum of two Weibull distributions.The maximum positive and negative horizontal temperature differences in top plate are 10.30 ℃ and -13.80 ℃,respectively.And the maximum positive and negative vertical temperature differences between top plate and bottom plate are 17.30 ℃ and-3.70 ℃,respectively.For bridge thermal design,there are two vertical temperature difference models between top plate and bottom plate,and six horizontal temperature difference models in top plate.

Urban Growth Monitoring using Remote Sensing and Geo-Informatics: Case Study of Gandhinagar, Gujarat State (India)

The Gandhinagar town has undergone unprecedented urban growth after assuming the status of a capital of Gujarat state, India in 1971. The Gandhinagar city lies on the western bank of river Sabarmati and city is also known as the “Tree capital of India” because of greenery with 54% green cover. The urban sprawl in Gandhinagar town was analyzed using multi-temporal Landsat TM data from 1981 to 2015. Spectral indices namely Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) and Built-up Index (BUI) were generated from the Landsat TM bands covering visible Red (R), Near Infrared (NIR) and Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) wavelength regions. Spectral variations in built-up, open spaces, urban vegetation and water areas were studied by generating two-dimensional spectral plots of NDBI and BUI. The spectral response of built up areas like Urban-dense and urban-sparse classes are quite distinct from other cover types like open spaces, urban vegetation and water. The results indicate that the normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) and Built-up Index (BUI) were very useful for mapping urban built-up areas in Gandhinagar town using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data. The built-up area in Gandhinagar increased from 1100.1 ha during Jan 1989 to 1907.3 ha during Jan 2015 which indicates about 73 per cent increase in the built-up area during the period of 26 years. The urban vegetation which includes parks and gardens in the city has also shown increasing trend during the period of 1989 to 2015. However, the area under open spaces has decreased as the development of built-up area has increased as per development plan of the Gandhinagar town.

Research on Kalman Filtering Algorithmfor Deformation Information Series ofSimilar Single-Difference Model

Using similar single-difference methodology(SSDM) to solve the deformation values of the monitoring points, there is unstability of the deformation information series, at sometimes.In order to overcome this shortcoming, Kalman filtering algorithm for this series is established,and its correctness and validity are verified with the test data obtained on the movable platform in plane. The results show that Kalman filtering can improve the correctness, reliability and stability of the deformation information series.

Seasonal Differences in Visitor Perceptions: A Comparative Study of Three Mountainous National Parks in Central Europe

This paper compares the views and attitudes of visitors to three key mountain national parks and Biosphere Reserves: Sumava National Park (Sumava NP, Czech Republic), Krkonose National Park (KRNAP, Czech Republic) and Karkonoski Park Narodowy (KPN, Poland). A large numbers of people visit these destinations both in the summer (e.g. hikers and cyclists) and in the winter (e.g. hikers and skiers), which threatens sustainability and creates problems regarding the management of these areas. A comprehensive understanding of visitor use, including visitors’ attitudes and perceptions, is fundamental for effective park management. Most research in these national parks is carried out during the summer season, therefore different results in the winter season are expected. Using a standardised socio-environmental survey we attempt to find seasonal differences between visitors and their opinions. A total of 2252 questionnaires were gathered. There were 13 common questions for these three national parks, three of them yielded significantly different results between the two seasons (visitors’ nationality, type of accommodation and financial costs). Other differences were detected in one or two national parks.

面向电力管廊外破监测的分布式光纤传感技术研究

电力管廊是城市里重要的基础设施,对其结构和状态进行监测及评估备受关注。本文针对电力管廊外力破坏监测的问题,提出一种基于衰减补偿的光时域差分曲线方差阈值定位振动事件的方案,并通过实验论证了其定位外破事件的准确性。该方案基于相敏型光时域反射系统架构,根据管廊外破事件引起的光纤振动导致光时域反射曲线在该事件位置处混乱度急剧增加的现象,对不同测量序列得到的光时域反射曲线作差,然后对光纤各位置对应的差值向量数据求方差,设定方差阈值定位外破事件。同时,考虑到光纤衰减导致方差阈值随距离增加而降低的问题,采用衰减补偿算法使光纤上任意散射位置对应相同的脉冲功率水平,从而修正光纤衰减对方差阈值的影响。实验搭建了分布式光纤振动传感系统,采用脉宽为30 ns、峰值功率为30 dBm的光脉冲,在约25 km的光纤范围,获得±3 m的定位精度。电力管廊外力破坏事件,具有低频、大扰动、持续长的特点,所提出系统方案通过曲线平均抑制瑞利散射衰落噪声,结合光纤衰减补偿校正散射信号幅值,从而将振动事件引起的光信号相位变化作为探测曲线波动的主导因素,以确保对外力破坏事件不漏报、不误报。

大直径盾构始发端头加固区域隧道变形差异特征实测研究

[目的]为保证盾构顺利始发,通常对始发工作井周围区域进行局部地层加固,导致加固区域两侧隧道变形存在差异,影响隧道结构安全,但目前变形差异特征及其规律尚不明确,因此有必要对大直径盾构始发端头加固区域隧道变形的差异特征进行实测研究。[方法]以上海市域铁路机场联络线大直径盾构隧道工程为例,基于现场实测数据,分析了始发工作井加固区域盾构掘进施工地面竖向变形、隧道竖向变形、隧道横向收敛的差异特征,分析了地层局部加固对软土地层大直径盾构隧道掘进差异变形的影响规律。[结果及结论]地层局部加固导致盾构隧道变形响应差异显著;地面竖向变形发展由非加固区的扰动沉降、卸荷隆起、固结沉降和相对稳定4个阶段,转变为加固区的扰动沉降、卸荷隆起和相对稳定3个阶段;对于隧道竖向变形,非加固区一侧以波动上浮为主,加固区以沉降为主,导致临界区域差异沉降达到0.022%L s(L s为隧道轴线两个监测点间距),超过管片结构差异沉降预警值;对于隧道横向收敛,加固区隧道结构呈竖鸭蛋变形特征,非加固区呈横鸭蛋变形特征;施工中,应重点防范临界区域管片结构差异沉降和差异收敛造成的环缝螺栓剪切破坏和螺栓孔混凝土损伤。

2006-2022年中国科学院环江喀斯特生态系统观测站农田长期观测样地土壤养分数据集

中国科学院环江喀斯特生态系统观测研究站(本文中简称“环江站”)是我国西南喀斯特地区重要的农业生态系统长期野外定位观测研究站,是依照中国生态系统研究网络(Chinese Ecosystem Research Network,简称CERN)联网监测规范布置的试验样地。自2005年以来,环江站依照国家生态系统观测研究网络(National Ecosystem Research Network of China,简称CNERN)和CERN农田生态系统观测指标要求,逐一开展针对喀斯特峰丛洼地农田生态系统水分、土壤、生物、气象等环境要素的监测活动。本数据集收集、整理了环江站2006–2022年8个长期联网监测样地的土壤养分数据,包括土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、缓效钾、pH值等9项指标,均进行了严格的数据质量控制与评估,并附有完整的样地背景信息和分析方法记录。本数据集反映了桂西北喀斯特峰丛洼地农业区传统代表性作物早晚稻、玉米、大豆、桑叶、柑橘等农作地土壤常规养分含量动态变化,对指导喀斯特峰丛洼地农业生产、培育土壤地力具有参考依据。

基于特征融合与域自适应的刀具磨损在线监测

机床状态监测对于机床健康管理以及保证工件加工质量具有重要意义。针对现有刀具磨损预测模型存在训练时间长、收敛速度慢以及泛化能力弱等问题,提出了一种分布式一维卷积神经网络对刀具磨损进行预测。采用残差连接与通道注意力模块顺序堆叠的方式作为特征提取模块,并通过交叉验证以选择合适的网络层数。由于不同传感器所提取到的特征信息可能存在冗余,使用权重差异策略以提高特征提取的有效性以及全面性。此外,考虑到训练集与测试集分布可能存在差异从而影响模型的泛化性能,引入了域自适应方法提高模型在未知数据集中的表现。为验证模型效果,使用PHM 2010铣刀磨损数据集进行实验。实验结果表明,该模型在C1、C4、C6三把刀具上的平均RMSE和平均MAE分别为6.97和6.29,与TCN、TDConvLSTM等模型相比有12%以上的提升。

天津市腹膜透析按人头付费改革实施效果评价

目的:分析腹膜透析按人头付费改革对腹膜透析使用率、患者健康产出及医疗费用的影响,为优化医疗机构管理、深化医保支付方式改革提供参考。方法:基于天津市2018—2020年肾透析门特就诊数据,进行描述性分析和双重差分模型分析,评价改革对腹膜透析人数、健康监测检查频次、门特就诊次数及门特医疗费用的效果。结果:腹膜透析按人头付费实施后,腹膜透析人数与健康监测检查频次提高,就诊次数和医疗费用无显著改变。结论:医保支付方式改革激励了医疗机构开展腹膜透析的积极性,有利于进行患者健康监测,对医疗费用的影响还需长期随访评估。

初中生数学成绩及个体因素影响机制的性别差异——基于S市初中生学业质量监测数据

基于S市初中生学业质量监测数据,深入探究当前学校教育条件下男女生在数学学习上的差异与原因.研究结果表明:整体而言,小学、初中阶段女生在数学成绩上落后于男生,初二结束时男女生数学成绩差距比小学毕业时小;4~42分位点之间的女生相较于同分位点男生,在初中阶段的数学学习中取得了更好的发展;相较于女生,男生在难度大的题目中学业优势更明显;低分组女生的数学成绩显著高于男生,中、高分组女生的数学成绩显著低于男生;低分组女生更占优势的变量对数学成绩的共同影响力大于男生更占优势的变量的共同影响力,解释了低分组女生成绩高于男生的部分原因等.

大体积防辐射混凝土冬季施工温差控制

以中国医学科学院肿瘤医院分院(廊坊院区)直线加速器室混凝土冬季施工为工程背景,对大体积防辐射混凝土冬季施工温差控制进行了研究。通过有限元数值模拟了混凝土温度场的分布规律,提出不同部位混凝土施工应采用不同的温差控制措施,并通过现场监测验证了温差控制措施的有效性。研究结果表明:环境温度和混凝土入模温度仅影响不同构件中混凝土的温度峰值和温升值,不会改变混凝土温度场的分布规律,即墙体、顶板和底板中混凝土的高、低温分布区域是一致的;混凝土浇筑时长影响入模温度,从而造成数值模拟结果与现场监测结果存在一定的差异,应对数值模拟结果进行修正。该研究采取的墙体双层模板、顶板蓄水养护、底板覆盖保温棉被的温差控制措施有效且稳定。

基于不确定性分析的供水管网压力监测点优化布置

针对现有供水管网压力监测点布置中产生的异参同效问题,基于正态分布利用蒙特卡罗随机抽样法分析管网节点需水量的不确定性,引入节点压力波动系数,讨论节点需水量的随机性对供水管网全局的影响,结合节点水压灵敏度,解决供水管网压力监测点布置中存在的异参同效问题。以华东某城区供水管网为例,结合水压相关性与水压灵敏性构建模型,采用蝙蝠算法求解,获得测压点布置方案。以稳态水力模型的节点需水量初始值为基准进行20 000次随机抽样,应用抽样值进行模拟,计算节点压力波动系数与节点灵敏度,确定最优方案,解决异参同效问题,为供水管网压力监测点布置方案的选取提供了新思路。

可穿戴脉搏监测传感器的制备及性能研究

为解决柔性压阻传感器在实际应用中传感性能不稳定、可靠性差等问题,采用改性石墨为导电材料,聚氨酯为柔性基底,通过溶液混合法制备了改性石墨/聚氨酯复合薄膜,并将其与丝网印刷织物电极组装成柔性压阻传感器。测试表征了制备样品的微观形貌、化学结构、力学性能、电学性能以及柔性压阻传感器的性能,并利用单因素方差分析和Kruskal-Wallis检验方法研究了传感器性能的差异性。结果表明:在0 kPa~3 kPa的压力范围内,传感器灵敏度最高可达到137.670 kPa^(-1);其灵敏度、迟滞性、响应时间、恢复时间以及重复性误差等性能在95%的置信区间下均无显著性差异;制备的传感器能够准确识别出不同位置脉搏信号。认为:该传感器具有一致的传感性能,能够应用于可穿戴脉搏监测系统中。

某失稳边坡的稳定性及加固效果研究

以某公路失稳边坡为研究对象,采用Bishop法计算了边坡5个代表性剖面的稳定性系数,根据稳定性计算结果提出了“削坡+锚杆格构梁+排水沟+坡面绿化”的边坡治理措施。为验证治理措施的有效性,以稳定系最差的I-I’剖面为例建立三维网格计算模型,利用有限差分法计算了天然工况和暴雨工况下边坡位移量分布结果。数值模拟结果显示,边坡加固前,在天然工况和暴雨工况下的最大水平位移量分别为26.3 mm和28.9 mm,最大竖向位移量分别为19.2 mm和22.1 mm;边坡加固后在天然工况和暴雨工况下的最大水平位移分别为10.7 mm和11.5 mm,最大竖向位移分别为14.3 mm和16.8 mm。在天然工况和暴雨工况下,加固后对比加固前坡面位移分别降低了40.56%和39.83%,坡体位移分别降低了54.37%和58.13%。对比加固前和加固后的坡体位移结果可知锚杆格构梁加固有效抑制了坡体变形。加固后的坡体地表位移监测结果均在安全范围内,表明所提出的边坡加固措施对该边坡具有良好的加固效果。本研究可为类似边坡加固工程提供一定的参考。

基于SF1 Light的超声波风速风向测量系统

准确测量风速和风向对气象、环境监测和农业等领域具有重要意义。然而,传统的风速风向测量方法存在一些限制,如精度不高、安装复杂等。针对以上问题,利用FPGA和RISC-V内核的SF1芯片设计出一款基于超声波的高精度、低功耗、便携式的风速风向仪,使用时差法测量风速风向,并结合先进的传感器模块和通信技术,实现了测量风速、传感控制、环境监控、云端传输等功能,有助于优化资源利用、改善环境质量。

岩土成层地基钻孔刚架抗滑桩计算的有限差分法

传统悬臂或锚拉式抗滑桩采用人工挖孔施工,施工效率低、工期长且安全风险问题尤为突出,目前正被严格限制使用并逐步淘汰,因此,在边坡治理工程中使用机械钻孔成桩替代人工挖孔工艺是未来的发展趋势。钻孔刚架式抗滑桩侧向刚度大、施工效率高、结构空间受力更加合理,更加符合城市轨道交通建设“小空间解决大高差”的理念。首先,考虑抗滑桩普遍存在于岩土成层地基的实际情况,以水平弹簧模拟前、后排桩与桩间土的荷载相互作用,根据Euler-Bernoulli梁理论及刚架桩受荷特点,以桩周线性土弹簧刚度反映不同地层的水平抗力差异,建立刚架桩挠曲平衡微分方程;然后,基于有限差分法结合桩顶、桩端共8个边界条件,编制Python有限差分迭代运算程序实现了前/后桩及桩间土的协同作用,以及对刚架桩内力与变形的求解;最后,依托深圳地铁某路堑高边坡钻孔刚架桩现场监测案例,对比发现,二者桩顶最大变形相差在10%以内,验证了所提方法对岩土成层地基中钻孔刚架抗滑桩的适用性,开发的有限差分迭代程序简单便捷,可直接应用于钻孔刚架式抗滑桩工程设计。

基于声发射多参数耦合的木材裂缝检测方法

为及时了解木材的损伤情况,需对木材进行损伤评价,而木材裂缝深度是评价木材损伤的重要指标之一,其量测方法是一大难点,亟待解决。基于声发射参数(峰值、频率重心、能量)在杉木裂缝中的衰减规律,应用加权平均法对声发射参数进行归一化处理,提出了基于声发射多参数耦合的裂缝深度检测方法。结果表明:声发射峰值、频率重心、能量在木材存在裂缝与无裂缝的交界面会发生突变,且所提的基于声发射多参数耦合的综合指标值在交界面大于设定阈值,能有效检测木材的裂缝深度。