Statistical Modeling of the High Altitude Platform Dual-Polarized MIMO Propagation Channel

In order to investigate the benefit of multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) technique applying to the high altitude platform(HAP), a 2×2 MIMO statistical model, which can accurately describe the channel between HAP and high-speed train, is presented. And dual polarization diversity is particularly considered. Based on first-order three-state Markov chain, the single-input single-output(SISO) channel, a subset of the MIMO channel is first established. The ray tracing approach applied to the digital relief model(DRM) which covers the railway between Xi'an and Zhengzhou is used to obtain the state probability vector and matrix of the state transition probability. The proposed model considers both Doppler shift and temporal correlation, and the polarization correlation and spatial correlation statistical properties of large-scale fading and smallscale fading are analyzed. Moreover, useful numerical results on the MIMO HAP channel outage capacity are provided based on which, significant capacity gains with respect to the conventional SISO case are illustrated. Such statistical channel model can be applied to the future wireless communication system between HAP and high-speed train.

An Efficient CSI Feedback Scheme for Dual-Polarized MIMO Systems Using Layered Multi-Paths Information

Massive MIMO is one of tile enabling technologies tbr beyond 4G and 5G systems due to its ability to provide beamforming gain and reduce interference Dual-polarized antenna is widely adopted to accommodate a large number of antenna elements in limited space. However, current CSI（channel state information） feedback schemes developed in LTE for conventional MIMO systems are not efficient enough for massive MIMO systems since the overhead increases almost linearly with the number of antenna. Moreover, the codebook for massive MIMO will be huge and difficult to design with the LTE methodology. This paper proposes a novel CSI feedback scheme named layered Multi-paths Information based CSI Feedback （LMPIF）, which can achieve higher spectrum efficiency for dual-polarized antenna system with low feedback overhead. The MIMO channel is decomposed into long term components （multipath directions and amplitudes） and short term components （multipath phases）. The relationship between the two components and the optimal precoder is derived in closed form. To reduce the overhead, different granularities in feedback time have been applied for the long term components and short term components Link and system level simulation results prove that LMPIF can improve performance considerably with low CSI feedback overhead.

Over-the-Air Testing for Dual-Polarized MIMO Devices: Setup Design and Validation

Over-the-air(OTA)testing is considered as the only feasible solution to evaluate radio performances of the fifth-generation(5G)wireless devices which feature two important technologies,i.e.,massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)and millimeter-wave(mmWave).The multi-probe anechoic chamber(MPAC)based OTA setup is able to emulate realistic multipath propagation conditions in a controlled manner.This paper investigates an MPAC OTA setup which is capable of evaluating the performances of 5G base stations as the devices-under-test(DUTs)which are equipped with dual-polarized antennas.Both end-to-end setup and probe configuration for the considered MPAC setup will be elaborated.Furthermore,since building a practical MPAC setup is expensive,time-consuming,and error-prone,an endto-end software testbed is established for validation purpose to avoid technical risks before finalizing an MPAC setup.The architecture of the testbed is presented,which can emulate both the channel profiles perceived by the DUT and the physical-layer behaviors of the considered link conforming to 5G new radio(NR)specifications.Results show that the performances under the emulated channel agree well with those under the target channel,validating the accuracy and effectiveness of the MPAC method.

A Dual-polarized Frequency Selective Rasorber with a Tunable Transparent Band

A tunable dual polarization absorption-transmission-absorption(A-T-A)frequency selective absorbers(FSR)to address the issue of high insertion loss in current tunable FSRs is proposed.The lumped resistors are loaded onto the lossy layer to absorb electromagnetic waves within the absorption band.The varactor diodes are loaded onto another lossless layer to control the transmission frequency band of the FSR.Its equivalent circuit model is provided.The proposed tunable FSR can change the passband within the range of 14.5~15.5 GHz by changing the bias voltage applied to the lossless transmission layer,while maintaining insertion loss above-1.67 dB.The series resonant structure of the lossy layer generates bilateral absorption bands between 10.2~13.5 GHz and 17.2~22 GHz,with broadband reflection suppression ranging from 10.3 GHz to 22 GHz(70.7%).The prototype is manufactured,and the measured results have verified the simulation results.

Diversity–Multiplexing Tradeoff and Outage Performance for 2×2 Dual-Polarized Uncorrelated Rice MIMO Channels

In this paper, diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) curve for 2×2 Dual-Polarized uncorrelated Rice MIMO channels is studied. Exact expressions for statistic information of mutual information exponent are derived. Impacts of channel parameters such as signal to noise ratio (SNR), k-factor and cross polarization discrimination (XPD) on mutual information exponent are analyzed. Compared to conventional single-polarized (SP) Rice MIMO systems, a qualitatively different behavior is observed for DP Rice systems. The work in this paper, allows identifying quantitatively for which channels (k-factor) and SNR levels the use of dual polarization becomes beneficial. Gamma or lognormal distribution are used to describe mutual information component, and a theoretical formulation for finite-SNR DMT curve in 2×2 DP uncorrelated Rice channels is presented for the first time, which is valid in low and medium SNRs when multiplexing gain is larger than 0.75.

无蜂窝大规模MIMO系统接入点动态选择算法

在无蜂窝大规模多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)系统中,所有接入点(Access Point,AP)为用户提供服务的方式会造成较大的功率消耗和增加前传链路压力。以“用户为中心”的AP选择方案为每个用户选择最佳的AP集合,使系统频谱效率和能量效率得以提升。为了给每个用户选择最佳的AP集合,提出了一种基于反向传播(Back Propagation,BP)神经网络的接入点动态选择算法。将AP与用户之间的大尺度衰落向量作为输入,AP与用户之间的连接关系作为BP神经网络输出的预测向量,同时,针对BP神经网络初始化权值,提出了一种改进的自适应遗传算法以提高算法的收敛速度和收敛性能。仿真结果表明,改进后的BP神经网络预测结果更接近于实际值,并且比全连接和启发式的AP选择方案具有更高的系统和速率。

基于对抗自编码填补网络的MIMO雷达故障阵元缺失数据重构

多输入多输出(Multiple In Multiple Out,MIMO)雷达的阵元故障会导致其协方差矩阵出现整行整列数据缺失,从而降低其角度估计性能。为此,提出一种对抗自编码填补网络(Adversarial Autoencoder Imputation Network,AAEIN)来重构故障阵元的缺失数据。该网络由负责重构缺失数据的自动编码(Autoencoder,AE)网络和负责分辨数据来源的鉴别器组成。在二者的对抗训练中,AE网络的重构能力和鉴别器的分辨能力不断得到提升,直至两者收敛。为避免网络训练过程中参数量大和计算复杂度高的问题,文中结合MIMO雷达协方差矩阵的Hermitian特性,使用协方差矩阵上三角部分构建数据集用于网络训练。仿真结果表明,文中方法可以有效地重构故障阵元的缺失数据且具有较高的重构精度。

低复杂度的大规模MIMO分布式信道估计

针对大规模多输入多输出(multiple-input multiple-output,MIMO)系统传统信道矩阵获取方式导频开销大、计算复杂度高的问题,提出了一种低复杂度的二阶段分布式信道估计方案。该方案的初始阶段在基站侧采用传统压缩感知算法恢复信道矩阵,第2阶段在用户端利用信道的时间相关性,将大规模MIMO的角度域信道分解为密集部分和稀疏部分,并分别估计以实现连续信道追踪。稀疏部分信道通过所提的分布式自适应弱匹配追踪(distributed adaptive weak matching pursuit,DAWMP)算法,利用子信道的联合稀疏性进行多维重建。相比于线性最小均方误差(linear minimum mean square error,LMMSE)算法,所提方案的信道分解策略有效减少了在用户端进行信道估计的计算复杂度。仿真结果表明,所提算法与经典压缩感知信道估计算法相比,计算复杂度降低了约33%,算法性能提升了约0.5 dB。

应用SRR/CSRR去耦的毫米波MIMO天线

根据目前无线通信系统的发展趋势,为了大幅度地提高通信效率,针对Ka波段,设计了一款基于开口谐振环和互补开口谐振环的低耦合多输入多输出天线。天线整体尺寸为40 mm×25 mm×1.2 mm。首先,该天线正面由带有空心圆的椭圆形辐射贴片、梯形微带馈线及开口谐振环组成,保证天线工作在Ka波段(26~40 GHz)。其次,该天线背面为刻蚀互补开口谐振环结构的矩形接地板,可以有效地达到去耦的目的,从而实现低耦合的效果。仿真与实测结果表明:工作带宽为26~40 GHz(相对带宽达到50%),回波损耗小于-10 dB,耦合度均小于-26 dB,包络相关系数小于0.001,辐射方向图良好,增益稳定,辐射效率较高。由此,所设计的天线不仅结构简单、尺寸紧凑、频率覆盖范围广,且各项性能占优,可广泛应用于5G毫米波相关领域。综上,应用SRR/CSRR的技术使毫米波MIMO天线的互耦度得到了降低,验证了SRR/CSRR技术作为一种新型去耦技术的可行性和有效性。

IRS辅助去蜂窝大规模MIMO系统反窃听安全波束赋形研究

为提高物理层安全通信性能,针对目前物理层通信容易受到建筑物遮挡和非法用户窃听的问题,提出了一种智能反射面(intelligent reflecting surface,IRS)辅助去蜂窝大规模多输入多输出(multiple-input multiple-output,MIMO)系统反窃听安全传输波束赋形方案。考虑信道理想的情况下,以还原合法用户接收信号和阻止非法用户接收信号为目标,最小化发射波束赋形向量,构建了一个基站主动波束赋形向量和IRS相移的联合波束赋形问题。通过交替优化将原问题分解为基站波束赋形向量优化子问题和IRS相移优化子问题,并通过解非齐次线性方程组思想的方法,对优化子问题进行求解。仿真结果表明,相较于传统物理层安全通信方案,提出的方案能够有效使非法用户窃听信号为0,降低传输功率,并且具有较好的误码率。

一种动平台MIMO雷达对海广域探测波束锐化方法

为解决动平台相控阵雷达前视成像方位分辨率低的问题,文中利用多输入多输出(Multiple Input Multiple Output,MIMO)雷达角度分辨力的优势,给出了一种适用于广域宽角扫描的机载MIMO雷达波束锐化方法。首先,根据MIMO雷达虚拟阵列原理,在宽发窄收和同时多波束探测模式下,建立了子阵级MIMO雷达前视成像回波模型;然后,在贝叶斯准则下,结合噪声统计先验信息,给出了基于最大似然估计的波束锐化方法。仿真和数据分析发现,该方法在较宽的角域内均可以获得良好的波束锐化性能,同时又极大节省了时间资源,具有一定的工程应用价值。

基于WPT的去蜂窝mMIMO系统中无人机轨迹与充放电联合优化方法

在去蜂窝大规模多输入多输出(CF-mMIMO, cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output)系统中,无人机(UAV, unmanned aerial vehicle)作为移动接入点(AP, access point),在通信和任务执行中发挥的作用越来越重要。为了提高UAV执行复杂任务时的续航能力,研究了基于无线电力传输(WPT, wireless power transmission)的CF-mMIMO的UAV能量收发和轨迹设计方法。以中断用户的通信公平性为优化目标,考虑在UAV任务执行过程中由接入点提供能量补给的能耗约束,对UAV的飞行轨迹、充放电时隙以及波束成形进行联合优化。针对该复杂优化问题,采用基于角度搜索的通信辅助深度Q网络(DQN, deep Q-network)算法,通过限制搜索空间的角度范围,对问题进行有限空间搜索。仿真结果表明,在UAV兼顾续航以及通信情况下,该算法能显著提高UAV的使用率并增强中断用户设备(UE, user equipment)的通信公平性,实现区域动态覆盖。

基于Massive MIMO的5G高业务量场景组网方案

针对5G用户量大、流量密度大等高密重载特殊场景,引入分布式Massive MIMO技术,给出典型场景的速率和容量提升方案,并对方案进行了验证。最后总结了典型场景的组网应用建议,对提升5G用户感知,促进5G市场发展具有重要意义。

MIMO雷达分组正交波形集优化设计方法

在现代电子对抗中,数字射频存储(DRFM)设备能够快速截获机载脉冲多普勒雷达信号,能够实现对多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达的干扰。MIMO雷达可基于多组相互正交的波形集来对抗DRFM干扰。同时,为最大化MIMO雷达波形分集增益,每个脉冲内发射的波形也需要正交。为了平衡组内和组间的正交性,文中建立了一种分组正交波形集优化模型,其目标函数为组内和组间相关函数性能评估指标值的加权和;为了求解该优化问题,提出了一种分组正交波形集设计方法。所提方法将原优化问题简化为p-范数优化问题,基于MM算法导出了最小化目标函数的迭代求解表达式。仿真结果表明,所提方法可通过改变权重系数来灵活平衡MIMO雷达的干扰抑制性能和距离压缩性能。

基于SWIPT的无小区大规模MIMO-NOMA系统能量效率研究

无小区大规模多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)与非正交多址接入(Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access,NOMA)都是未来6G的使能技术。无线携能通信(Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer,SWIPT)技术在进行信息解码的同时收集能量,与无小区大规模MIMO-NOMA优势互补。文中基于SWIPT研究无小区大规模MIMO-NOMA系统中的能量效率问题,通过联合优化功率分配系数和SWIPT的时隙切换(Time Switching,TS)系数,提高系统的能量效率。为了最大化能量效率,采用布谷鸟算法设计功率分配系数。考虑一种特殊情况,将所有终端的TS系数设置相同,进而推导了最佳TS系数的封闭表达式。仿真结果表明,相较于几种已有方案,文中提出的优化方案可以显著提升系统的能量效率。

可用于WLAN的双频MIMO天线设计

设计了一款可用于WLAN的双频MIMO天线。天线的正面为L型单极子,背面为金属接地板。通过在接地板上加载耦合枝节使天线具有双频特性。同时,为了天线的小型化,对耦合枝节进行了弯折处理,减小天线尺寸。在两个天线单元之间加载T型寄生枝节和刻蚀矩形缝隙来提高天线的隔离度。使用电磁仿真软件和矢量网络分析仪对天线进行仿真和实测,结果表明:天线的工作频段为2.4~2.55 GHz和5.1~6.3 GHz,覆盖了WLAN的频段,同时在低频段内隔离度高于19 dB,高频段内隔离度高于25 dB。此外,天线的包络相关系数小于0.01且具有全向辐射特性。天线整体性能较好,可以满足WLAN的需求。

基于均匀线性阵列的超大规模MIMO混合场信道估计算法

超大规模MIMO(extremely large-scale massive MIMO,XL-MIMO)是未来6G通信的关键技术之一。现有的XL-MIMO混合场信道模型大多对均匀线性阵列和单天线用户之间信道建模,且采用散射体最后一跳模型。若收发双端均配备线性阵列,现有的混合场信道估计方案将不再适用。为此,针对收发端均部署超大规模线性阵列的XL-MIMO场景,采用Saleh-Valenzuela模型进行信道建模,并提出了一种基于正交匹配追踪(OMP)的混合场信道估计算法。该算法首先利用角域变换矩阵对远场分量进行估计,然后通过极域变换矩阵估计近场分量。此外,引入克拉美罗-下界(CRLB)对所提算法进行评估。仿真结果表明,提出的混合场估计算法相较于仅考虑远场和近场的估计算法在信道估计性能上有约0.6 dB的提升。

基于去蜂窝毫米波MIMO的通感一体化混合波束设计

针对通信频谱资源的匮乏以及去蜂窝MIMO在资源利用方面的优势,提出了一种毫米波(millimeter-wave,mmWave)场景下的去蜂窝MIMO通感一体化(intergraded sensing and communication,ISAC)系统。在该系统中,基站为用户提供服务的同时,多天线用户设备能够主动检测多个目标。研究目标是设计模拟和数字波束形成器,以优化通信和雷达波束形成误差的加权和。研究中考虑了2种功率约束,并采用改进的正交匹配追踪算法和黎曼共轭梯度算法进行优化。对通信频谱效率和雷达波束方向图进行仿真分析,结果表明,混合波束方案能在频谱利用和波束指向方面实现折中的性能,这种方案对于提高系统性能具有潜在的应用前景。

宽带太赫兹大规模MIMO系统中的混合预编码

针对宽带太赫兹大规模多输入多输出(multiple input multiple output,MIMO)通信系统中更大的带宽和更多的天线导致的波束分裂问题,构建了基于时延的宽带太赫兹大规模MIMO系统的混合预编码通信模型,并提出了一种高效且可实现的联合时延和相位的宽带太赫兹混合预编码算法。考虑到时延器值的硬件限制,通过最小化最优模拟预编码与等效模拟预编码之间的差来联合优化模拟预编码矩阵和数字预编码矩阵,将联合优化问题转换成目标优化问题,通过将非凸问题转换成等价的凸问题来求全局最优解。仿真结果表明,提出的算法可以获得接近最优的可实现速率性能,且可以提高能量效率。

基于位置分配的去蜂窝massive MIMO系统导频分配功率控制算法

针对去蜂窝(cell free,CF)大规模多输入多输出(multiple-input multiple-output,MIMO)系统中存在严重的导频污染问题,提出了一种基于位置分配的贪婪导频分配功率控制算法(greedy pilot assignment based on location with pilot power control,GPABL with PPC).首先,遵循相邻用户不分配相同导频序列的原则进行贪婪导频分配(greedy pilot assignment,GPA);然后,在导频分配的基础上叠加了导频功率控制,选择合理的导频功率控制系数减小信道估计的均方误差.仿真结果表明,将两种方式结合起来进行导频优化,系统的吞吐能力有所提升.