Dual-Polarized Slot-Coupled Microstrip Antenna with Very High Isolation

A wideband dual-polarized slot-coupled stacked microstrip antenna with very high isolation and low cross-polarization is presented. To improve isolation between two poiarization ports, the stacked patches are excited by an open-ended and a T-shaped microstrip lines both via two H-shaped slots placed in a ＂T＂ configuration. The measured isolation is better than 40.5 dB over the bandwidth from 8.8 to 9.8 GHz with cross-polarization level less than - 28.5 dB. The measured VSWR ≤ 2 bandwidths reach 20.7 96 and 19.196 at the verrical and horizontal polarization ports, respectively. This antenna is suitable to be used as array elements in spacebome synthetic aperture radars （SAR） and active phased array radars.

Broadband printed antennas and dual-polarized microstrip and waveguide slot antenna arrays

In order to meet the urgent needs in wireless communications, microwave image synthetic aperture radars （SAR）, and electronic warfare systems, this dissertation studies several types of broadband dual-polarized planar antenna elements and arrays, and proposes a few of novel designs with experimental verification. The main accomplishments reported in the dissertation are as follows.

Bandwidth-enhanced dual-polarized antenna with improved broadband integrated balun and distributed parasitic element

A bandwidth-enhanced dual-polarized antenna is proposed for 2/3/4/5G applications,which is composed of distributed parasitic elements(DPEs),a main radiator,two improved broadband integrated baluns and a reflector.First,a novel tooth-shape shorted slot line in the improved broadband integrated balun is analyzed to adjust the input impedance of the antenna.Then,DPEs with 2×2 circular plates loading over the main radiator are proposed to improve broadband impedance matching and radiation pattern.By utilizing impedance compensation of the tooth-shaped shorted slot line and the electromagnetic induction of the DPEs,the antenna achieves an enhanced impedance bandwidth and a stable radiation pattern.To verify these ideas,the bandwidth-enhanced dual-polarized antenna was fabricated and measured.The experimental results indicate that the proposed antenna achieves an operating bandwidth of 72.2%(1.69 to 3.60 GHz)with a return loss(RL)less than-15 dB and a port-to-port isolation(ISO)larger than 30 dB.The antenna obtains a half-power beamwidth(HPBW)within(66±5)°and a gain within(9.0±0.6)dBi in the 2/3/4G bands,and an HPBW within(61.5±2.5)°and a gain within(9.8±0.3)dBi in the 5G band.Across the whole band,the cross-polarization discrimination(XPD)and the front-to-back ratio are both larger than 20 dB.

Wideband dual-polarized slot-coupled microstrip array for synthetic aperture radar application

An 8 × 1-element wideband dual-polarized slot-coupled microstrip antenna array with high isolation and low crosspolarization in X-band is presented. The array antenna offers an impedance bandwidth （VSWR≤2） of 23% and 21% for dual polarization ports, respectively. The measured isolation between two polarization ports is better than 35 dB and the measured cross-polarization level below -25 dB in the main beam over the operation frequency band of 9.35 GHz to 9.75 GHz. This array is well suitable for X-band SAR （synthetic aperture radar） antenna apphcation.

Two-Dimensional Topology Optimization of a Horn Antenna

A two-dimensional horn antenna is used as a model for topology optimization. In order to employ the topology optimization, each point in the domain is controlled by a function which is allowed to take values between 0 and 1. Each point’s distinct value then gives it an effective permittivity, either close to that of polyimide or that of air, two materials considered in this study. With these settings, the optimization problem becomes finding the optimal distribution of materials in a given domain, and is solved under constraints of reflection and material usage by the Method of Moving Asymptotes. The final configuration consists of two concentric arcs of air while polyimide takes up the rest of the domain, a result relatively unsensitive to the choice of constraints and initial values. Compared to the unoptimized antenna, a slimmer main lobe is observed and the gain boosts.

Simplified Calculation Method for Transient Field of Transverse Electromagnetic Horn Antenna Used by High-altitude Electromagnetic Pulse Simulator

For conveniently calculating the radiated electric field of transverse electromagnetic(TEM) horn antenna,an approximate simplified analytical calculation method is suggested.This method divides the horn to a system of V-antennas and superimposes the fields of all V-antennas to obtain the field of the TEM horn.The method is compared with the traditional analytical method and numerical method.The obtained results suggest that the proposed method is valid,simple and that it can fastly calculate the radiated electric field of the TEM horn antenna in an arbitrary space with an arbitrary excitation voltage.Based on this method,radiation of the TEM horn antenna of a high-altitude electromagnetic pulse(HEMP) simulator is simulated.Rise time,pulse width,peak value of electric field,and field distribution are analyzed.Results show that the TEM horn antenna can be used in HEMP simulators: the near field waveform is closer to the standard waveform than to the far field waveform; the standards for the rise time and the peak value of electric field are easily satisfied; the pulse width of the radiated field can be increased by broadening the pulse width of an excitation source and by making the antenna of a proper

High-gain planar TEM horn antenna fed by balanced microstrip line

A printed TEM horn antenna with high gain fed by balanced microstrip line is proposed. The radia- tion part of the antenna consists of two symmetrical triangular metal slice branches printed on the FR-4 substrate with 1.5 mrn thickness. The two branches are fed by balanced mierostrip line. The antenna is simulated by soft- ware CST MICROWAVE STUDIO and the equivalent adopted dipole model is proposed to describe the radia- tion characteristic of the antenna. The simulation results indicate that the frequency range is from 1.64 GHz to 5 GHz with reflection coefficient less than -6 dB, and the typical gain value is 8 dB in the operating band- width. In order to improve antenna gain without influencing the bandwidth, the length of the dielectric slab should be extended appropriately in the main radiation direction. By extending the length of the dielectric slab appropriately in the main radiation direction, the antenna gain can be improved significantly without the influ- ence on the bandwidth. Besides, a metal disc loaded in the radiation direction makes the gain in band be more stable. The prototype has been fabricated and measured in microwave anechoic chamber which is coincident with the simulation results. This antenna can be widely applied in the UWB field.

“天线与电波传播”课程中案例设计式教学的探索

“天线与电波传播”是电子信息类本科专业核心课程,是“电磁场理论”课程的深化与应用拓展。课程涉及诸多典型的天线,包括八木天线、平面螺旋天线、喇叭天线、微带天线等,天线结构较复杂,理论分析难度较大,大多需要近似分析。为了提高“天线与电波传播”课程的教学效果,针对典型天线设计较成熟的现状,在理论课程教学中采用案例设计式的教学方法,通过案例设计,让学生带着目标任务去学习,提升对“天线与电波传播”课程学习的兴趣和主动性。以矩形喇叭天线设计为案例,提出具体的矩形喇叭天线设计需求,学生运用所学的课程知识,通过运用电磁仿真软件进行设计,完成设计目标,增强获得感,并将理论的近似计算结果与仿真结果进行对比分析,深化学生理论与实际的联系。通过上述案例设计式教学,让学生由“接收天线”转变为“发射天线”,强化学生对课程知识的理解,增强学生的创新思维能力和综合分析能力。

小型化超宽带H面脊喇叭端射天线

超宽带天线技术是实现射频孔径综合的关键技术之一,适用于解决大型电子信息系统中采用多个天线带来的布局困难、互相干扰等问题。本文设计了一款具有端射特性的小型化超宽带H面脊喇叭天线。天线通过加载指数型脊结构,降低了矩形波导的截止频率,从而大幅展宽了天线工作带宽。同时,通过在喇叭口加载单曲面形介质透镜,改善了辐射口面上相位不均匀的问题,进而显著提高了天线的端射增益。该天线结构紧凑,其尺寸仅为0.57λ_(L)×0.45λ_(L)×0.11λ_(L),可覆盖0.8 GHz~18 GHz的超宽频带,且交叉极化优于30 dB。该天线剖面低、结构稳定、易于加工,可直接安装于金属结构上,易于与载体集成。通过与同类型端射天线相比可知,该天线在小型化和电性能两方面都具有优越性。

基于TEM喇叭的电磁脉冲辐射天线优化设计

针对TEM喇叭天线终端反射大、低频辐射效率低的问题,对其进行了仿真优化设计。采用时域分析方法,分析了端部加载电阻与背部加载电阻的低频补偿方法,对TEM喇叭天线的尺寸、极板顶角等结构参数进行了优化,采用末端卷边结构,提升了辐射场的峰值场强与脉宽。根据仿真优化结果,研制了长度2.5 m、天线极板间张角45°、天线极板顶角45°的TEM喇叭天线,通过实测验证了仿真结果。结果表明,加载电阻可以有效降低反射,背部加载电阻方式的峰值场强和脉宽比端部加载电阻高,且采用4个电阻并联加载的效果较好;适当增加天线长度、极板顶角以及极板间夹角可以提高天线辐射性能。该研究结果为TEM喇叭天线在辐射式核电磁脉冲试验系统的应用提供了参考。

一款高增益双脊喇叭天线

为了满足实际干扰测试需求,设计了一款脊上开槽的超宽带高增益双脊喇叭天线。首先,首次引入二次Bezier曲线作为脊的渐变曲线并验证了该曲线的可行性,天线的电压驻波比(VSWR)带宽为2 GHz~18 GHz;然后,通过加入楔形块和采用锥形渐变脊,成功地解决了天线高频增益下降和辐射方向图畸变的问题;最后,通过在脊上开锥形槽,进一步降低了低频段的VSWR。仿真结果表明天线在2 GHz~18 GHz内的VSWR小于1.9,在5 GHz~17 GHz内小于1.5,且在不加载介质透镜的情况下,高频增益稳定在18 dBi以上。实测结果表明天线的VSWR和增益与仿真结果吻合,可用于天线干扰测量系统和高增益反射面天线的馈源。

一种表面波衰减率测量方法研究

介绍了雷达吸波材料表面波衰减率的重要性以及测量方法,从雷达方程入手分析出近场条件下测量雷达散射截面(RCS)的各影响因素,通过分析得出发射天线和接收天线的波束宽度和间距成为近场测量RCS的重要误差来源。提出了增大方向图1 dB波束宽度并减小发射天线和接收天线间距来减小测量误差的方案,设计制作了8~12 GHz圆锥喇叭天线,具有良好的圆对称性,1 dB波束宽度达到22°。组建了近场RCS测试系统,以金属立方体作为目标开展了测试系统验证试验,与理论值相比RCS曲线峰值之差小于0.5 dB,平均值之差小于0.2 dB,具有较高的测量精度。使用组建的近场RCS测试系统开展表面波衰减率测量试验,与紧缩场测量结果之差为0.38 dB,实现了近场条件下表面波衰减率的准确测量。

A Novel Kind of Wideband Low-Profile Dielectric Resonator Antenna Suitable for Beam-scanning Applications

In this paper, a low-profile wideband dielectric resonator antenna(DRA) with a very compact planar size is investigated. The antenna consists of a high permittivity dielectric sheet on the top, a low permittivity substrate in the middle, and a probe feeding structure at the bottom. By digging an annular slot in the designated area of the square dielectric sheet, the resonant frequency of fundamental TE111 mode can be effectively increased to be close to the high-order TE131 mode. The two modes can be finally merged together, yielding a wide impedance bandwidth of16.6%. Most importantly, the combination of the two modes is done on the premise of a fixed antenna planar size, which can be very compact and suitable for beam-scanning applications. A probe feeding structure is used to excite the DRA, making the antenna simple and practical to be integrated with other RF circuits. For verification, antenna prototypes with singlefeed linear polarization and differential-feed dual polarization were fabricated and measured. Reasonable agreement between the measured and simulated results is observed.

STUDY ON THE PHASE CENTER OF ELECTROMAGNETIC HORNS

The characteristics of the phase centers of electromagnetic horns having nearlysymmetric pattern are presented analytically.It is proved that the phase center on the φ=45°plane coincides with the average phase center,and if a single plane phase center is used to definethe horn phase center approximately,the φ=45° plane phase center will be the best choice.

High-performance lens antenna using high refractive index metamaterials

In this paper, a high refractive index metamaterial （HRM）, whose element is composed of bilayer square patch （BSP） spaced by a dielectric plate, is proposed. By reducing the thickness of the dielectric plate and the gap between adjacent patches, the BSP can effectively enhance capacitive coupling and simultaneously suppress diamagnetic response, which significantly increases the refractive index of the proposed metamaterial. Furthermore, the high refractive index region is far away from the resonant region of the metamaterial, resulting in broadband. Based on these characteristics of BSP, a gradient refractive index （GRIN） lens with thin thickness （0.34/~0, where 2~0 is the wavelength at 5.75 GHz） is designed. By using this lens, we then design a circularly polarized horn antenna with high performance. The measurement results show that the 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth is 34.8% （4.75 GHz-6.75 GHz） and the antenna gain in this frequency range is increased by an average value of 3.4 dB. The proposed method opens up a new avenue to design high-performance antenna.

Deployable Antenna with Compact Ortho-mode Transducer and Feeding Systems

The compact ortho-mode transducer (OMT) and compact conical corrugated horn(CCCH) are used as feeding system of the deployable dual polarizing antenna in this paper.A new stricture of double-septum in main wave guide OMT is proposed. The finite difference method in time domain (FDTD) in combination with genetic algorithms(GAs) is used to analysis and optimize this new OMT. The experiment results show that the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of this OMT and feeding system is less than 1.17 in bandwidth; the isolation between the ortho-mode ports is less than -40dB; the cross-polar level of the feed can reach -35dB and the length of the main waveguide can be reduced 50% at least.

ANALYSIS OF N-SLOT STRUCTURE CORRUGATED HORN

On the space harmonics technique general formulas are derived of the characteristicequation and the equivalent wall admittance of corrugated horns with N-slot structure(each periodhas N slots whose shape and depth may be the same or different).As an example,the calculatedradiation patterns for a corrugated horn having dual-depth corrugations show good agreementwith the measured ones.

Adaptive cancellation of Es layer interference using auxiliary horizontal antennas

Based on a dual-polarization high-frequency wave radar system, an adaptive system using horizontal antennas for the suppression of the Es layer interference （ELI） is deseribech The data received from the horizontal antennas were correlated with the data received from the Vertically Polarized Antennas （VPAs） to estimate and cancel the interference adaptively in the VPAs. Suppressing the interference after each coherent integration time interval, about 25 dB signal-to-interference ratio is expected with the experimentally derived data.

Polynomial-Based Evaluation of the Impact of Aperture Phase Taper on the Gain of Rectangular Horns

The aperture phase taper due to quadratic phase errors in the principal planes of a rectangular horn imposes signifi-cant constraints on the on-axis far-field gain of the horn. The precise calculation of gain reduction involves Fresnel integrals;therefore, exact results are obtained only from numerical methods. However, in horns’ analysis and design, simple closed-form expressions are often required for the description of horn-gain. This paper provides a set of simple polynomial approximations that adequately describe the gain reduction factors of pyramidal and sectoral horns. The proposed formulas are derived using least-squares polynomial regression analysis and they are valid for a broad range of quadratic phase error values. Numerical results verify the accuracy of the derived expressions. Application examples and comparisons with methods in the literature demonstrate the efficacy of the approach.

基于改进遗传算法的车车直接通信毫米波喇叭天线研究

现有车载天线不适用毫米波通信系统,因此亟须研究适用于车车通信系统的毫米波天线。首先,对比现有喇叭天线的特点,确定圆锥喇叭天线为车载天线,通过等效源法求得天线的远场辐射方向图,根据设计要求确定天线的中心频率和增益;其次,基于传统经验公式和电磁仿真软件HFSS进行建模仿真,得到天线的特性参数,通过仿真结果对比得到喇叭天线的开口直径和波导尺寸对天线电压反射系数的影响;最后,利用改进遗传算法对天线进行结构优化,使得波导尺寸和开口直径参数达到最优。结果表明:在天线主频率下,优化后的天线增益为22.2 dB,电压驻波比为1.01,并有较好的方向性,满足车车直接通信系统中车载天线具有较高增益和较强端射能力的要求。