Hierarchical multihead self-attention for time-series-based fault diagnosis

Fault diagnosis is important for maintaining the safety and effectiveness of chemical process.Considering the multivariate,nonlinear,and dynamic characteristic of chemical process,many time-series-based data-driven fault diagnosis methods have been developed in recent years.However,the existing methods have the problem of long-term dependency and are difficult to train due to the sequential way of training.To overcome these problems,a novel fault diagnosis method based on time-series and the hierarchical multihead self-attention(HMSAN)is proposed for chemical process.First,a sliding window strategy is adopted to construct the normalized time-series dataset.Second,the HMSAN is developed to extract the time-relevant features from the time-series process data.It improves the basic self-attention model in both width and depth.With the multihead structure,the HMSAN can pay attention to different aspects of the complicated chemical process and obtain the global dynamic features.However,the multiple heads in parallel lead to redundant information,which cannot improve the diagnosis performance.With the hierarchical structure,the redundant information is reduced and the deep local time-related features are further extracted.Besides,a novel many-to-one training strategy is introduced for HMSAN to simplify the training procedure and capture the long-term dependency.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by two chemical cases.The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a great performance on time-series industrial data and outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches.

SMSTracker:A Self-Calibration Multi-Head Self-Attention Transformer for Visual Object Tracking

Visual object tracking plays a crucial role in computer vision.In recent years,researchers have proposed various methods to achieve high-performance object tracking.Among these,methods based on Transformers have become a research hotspot due to their ability to globally model and contextualize information.However,current Transformer-based object tracking methods still face challenges such as low tracking accuracy and the presence of redundant feature information.In this paper,we introduce self-calibration multi-head self-attention Transformer(SMSTracker)as a solution to these challenges.It employs a hybrid tensor decomposition self-organizing multihead self-attention transformermechanism,which not only compresses and accelerates Transformer operations but also significantly reduces redundant data,thereby enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of tracking.Additionally,we introduce a self-calibration attention fusion block to resolve common issues of attention ambiguities and inconsistencies found in traditional trackingmethods,ensuring the stability and reliability of tracking performance across various scenarios.By integrating a hybrid tensor decomposition approach with a self-organizingmulti-head self-attentive transformer mechanism,SMSTracker enhances the efficiency and accuracy of the tracking process.Experimental results show that SMSTracker achieves competitive performance in visual object tracking,promising more robust and efficient tracking systems,demonstrating its potential to providemore robust and efficient tracking solutions in real-world applications.

A Self-Attention Based Dynamic Resource Management for Satellite-Terrestrial Networks

The satellite-terrestrial networks possess the ability to transcend geographical constraints inherent in traditional communication networks,enabling global coverage and offering users ubiquitous computing power support,which is an important development direction of future communications.In this paper,we take into account a multi-scenario network model under the coverage of low earth orbit(LEO)satellite,which can provide computing resources to users in faraway areas to improve task processing efficiency.However,LEO satellites experience limitations in computing and communication resources and the channels are time-varying and complex,which makes the extraction of state information a daunting task.Therefore,we explore the dynamic resource management issue pertaining to joint computing,communication resource allocation and power control for multi-access edge computing(MEC).In order to tackle this formidable issue,we undertake the task of transforming the issue into a Markov decision process(MDP)problem and propose the self-attention based dynamic resource management(SABDRM)algorithm,which effectively extracts state information features to enhance the training process.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is capable of effectively reducing the long-term average delay and energy consumption of the tasks.

Missing Value Imputation for Radar-Derived Time-Series Tracks of Aerial Targets Based on Improved Self-Attention-Based Network

The frequent missing values in radar-derived time-series tracks of aerial targets(RTT-AT)lead to significant challenges in subsequent data-driven tasks.However,the majority of imputation research focuses on random missing(RM)that differs significantly from common missing patterns of RTT-AT.The method for solving the RM may experience performance degradation or failure when applied to RTT-AT imputation.Conventional autoregressive deep learning methods are prone to error accumulation and long-term dependency loss.In this paper,a non-autoregressive imputation model that addresses the issue of missing value imputation for two common missing patterns in RTT-AT is proposed.Our model consists of two probabilistic sparse diagonal masking self-attention(PSDMSA)units and a weight fusion unit.It learns missing values by combining the representations outputted by the two units,aiming to minimize the difference between the missing values and their actual values.The PSDMSA units effectively capture temporal dependencies and attribute correlations between time steps,improving imputation quality.The weight fusion unit automatically updates the weights of the output representations from the two units to obtain a more accurate final representation.The experimental results indicate that,despite varying missing rates in the two missing patterns,our model consistently outperforms other methods in imputation performance and exhibits a low frequency of deviations in estimates for specific missing entries.Compared to the state-of-the-art autoregressive deep learning imputation model Bidirectional Recurrent Imputation for Time Series(BRITS),our proposed model reduces mean absolute error(MAE)by 31%~50%.Additionally,the model attains a training speed that is 4 to 8 times faster when compared to both BRITS and a standard Transformer model when trained on the same dataset.Finally,the findings from the ablation experiments demonstrate that the PSDMSA,the weight fusion unit,cascade network design,and imputation loss enhance imputation performance and confirm the efficacy of our design.

Audio-Text Multimodal Speech Recognition via Dual-Tower Architecture for Mandarin Air Traffic Control Communications

In air traffic control communications (ATCC), misunderstandings between pilots and controllers could result in fatal aviation accidents. Fortunately, advanced automatic speech recognition technology has emerged as a promising means of preventing miscommunications and enhancing aviation safety. However, most existing speech recognition methods merely incorporate external language models on the decoder side, leading to insufficient semantic alignment between speech and text modalities during the encoding phase. Furthermore, it is challenging to model acoustic context dependencies over long distances due to the longer speech sequences than text, especially for the extended ATCC data. To address these issues, we propose a speech-text multimodal dual-tower architecture for speech recognition. It employs cross-modal interactions to achieve close semantic alignment during the encoding stage and strengthen its capabilities in modeling auditory long-distance context dependencies. In addition, a two-stage training strategy is elaborately devised to derive semantics-aware acoustic representations effectively. The first stage focuses on pre-training the speech-text multimodal encoding module to enhance inter-modal semantic alignment and aural long-distance context dependencies. The second stage fine-tunes the entire network to bridge the input modality variation gap between the training and inference phases and boost generalization performance. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed speech-text multimodal speech recognition method on the ATCC and AISHELL-1 datasets. It reduces the character error rate to 6.54% and 8.73%, respectively, and exhibits substantial performance gains of 28.76% and 23.82% compared with the best baseline model. The case studies indicate that the obtained semantics-aware acoustic representations aid in accurately recognizing terms with similar pronunciations but distinctive semantics. The research provides a novel modeling paradigm for semantics-aware speech recognition in air traffic control communications, which could contribute to the advancement of intelligent and efficient aviation safety management.

Prediction and scheduling of multi-energy microgrid based on BiGRU self-attention mechanism and LQPSO

To predict renewable energy sources such as solar power in microgrids more accurately,a hybrid power prediction method is presented in this paper.First,the self-attention mechanism is introduced based on a bidirectional gated recurrent neural network(BiGRU)to explore the time-series characteristics of solar power output and consider the influence of different time nodes on the prediction results.Subsequently,an improved quantum particle swarm optimization(QPSO)algorithm is proposed to optimize the hyperparameters of the combined prediction model.The final proposed LQPSO-BiGRU-self-attention hybrid model can predict solar power more effectively.In addition,considering the coordinated utilization of various energy sources such as electricity,hydrogen,and renewable energy,a multi-objective optimization model that considers both economic and environmental costs was constructed.A two-stage adaptive multi-objective quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm aided by a Lévy flight,named MO-LQPSO,was proposed for the comprehensive optimal scheduling of a multi-energy microgrid system.This algorithm effectively balances the global and local search capabilities and enhances the solution of complex nonlinear problems.The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed scheme are verified through comparative simulations.

Aerial target threat assessment based on gated recurrent unit and self-attention mechanism

Aerial threat assessment is a crucial link in modern air combat, whose result counts a great deal for commanders to make decisions. With the consideration that the existing threat assessment methods have difficulties in dealing with high dimensional time series target data, a threat assessment method based on self-attention mechanism and gated recurrent unit(SAGRU) is proposed. Firstly, a threat feature system including air combat situations and capability features is established. Moreover, a data augmentation process based on fractional Fourier transform(FRFT) is applied to extract more valuable information from time series situation features. Furthermore, aiming to capture key characteristics of battlefield evolution, a bidirectional GRU and SA mechanisms are designed for enhanced features.Subsequently, after the concatenation of the processed air combat situation and capability features, the target threat level will be predicted by fully connected neural layers and the softmax classifier. Finally, in order to validate this model, an air combat dataset generated by a combat simulation system is introduced for model training and testing. The comparison experiments show the proposed model has structural rationality and can perform threat assessment faster and more accurately than the other existing models based on deep learning.

CFSA-Net:Efficient Large-Scale Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation Based on Cross-Fusion Self-Attention

Traditional models for semantic segmentation in point clouds primarily focus on smaller scales.However,in real-world applications,point clouds often exhibit larger scales,leading to heavy computational and memory requirements.The key to handling large-scale point clouds lies in leveraging random sampling,which offers higher computational efficiency and lower memory consumption compared to other sampling methods.Nevertheless,the use of random sampling can potentially result in the loss of crucial points during the encoding stage.To address these issues,this paper proposes cross-fusion self-attention network(CFSA-Net),a lightweight and efficient network architecture specifically designed for directly processing large-scale point clouds.At the core of this network is the incorporation of random sampling alongside a local feature extraction module based on cross-fusion self-attention(CFSA).This module effectively integrates long-range contextual dependencies between points by employing hierarchical position encoding(HPC).Furthermore,it enhances the interaction between each point’s coordinates and feature information through cross-fusion self-attention pooling,enabling the acquisition of more comprehensive geometric information.Finally,a residual optimization(RO)structure is introduced to extend the receptive field of individual points by stacking hierarchical position encoding and cross-fusion self-attention pooling,thereby reducing the impact of information loss caused by random sampling.Experimental results on the Stanford Large-Scale 3D Indoor Spaces(S3DIS),Semantic3D,and SemanticKITTI datasets demonstrate the superiority of this algorithm over advanced approaches such as RandLA-Net and KPConv.These findings underscore the excellent performance of CFSA-Net in large-scale 3D semantic segmentation.

Clothing Parsing Based on Multi-Scale Fusion and Improved Self-Attention Mechanism

Due to the lack of long-range association and spatial location information,fine details and accurate boundaries of complex clothing images cannot always be obtained by using the existing deep learning-based methods.This paper presents a convolutional structure with multi-scale fusion to optimize the step of clothing feature extraction and a self-attention module to capture long-range association information.The structure enables the self-attention mechanism to directly participate in the process of information exchange through the down-scaling projection operation of the multi-scale framework.In addition,the improved self-attention module introduces the extraction of 2-dimensional relative position information to make up for its lack of ability to extract spatial position features from clothing images.The experimental results based on the colorful fashion parsing dataset(CFPD)show that the proposed network structure achieves 53.68%mean intersection over union(mIoU)and has better performance on the clothing parsing task.

基于Self-Attention的方面级情感分析方法研究

针对传统模型在细粒度的方面级情感分析上的不足,如RNN会遇到长距离依赖的问题,且模型不能并行计算;CNN的输出通常包含池化层,特征向量经过池化层的运算后会丢失相对位置信息和一些重要特征,且CNN没有考虑到文本的上下文信息。本文提出了一种Light-Transformer-ALSC模型,基于Self-Attention机制,且运用了交互注意力的思想,对方面词和上下文使用不同的注意力模块提取特征,细粒度地对文本进行情感分析,在SemEval2014 Task 4数据集上的实验结果表明本文模型的效果优于大部分仅基于LSTM的模型。除基于BERT的模型外,在Laptop数据集上准确率提高了1.3%~5.3%、在Restaurant数据集上准确率提高了2.5%~5.5%;对比基于BERT的模型,在准确率接近的情况下模型参数量大大减少。

结合LDA与Self-Attention的短文本情感分类方法

在对短文本进行情感分类任务的过程中,由于文本长度过短导致数据稀疏,降低了分类任务的准确率。针对这个问题,提出了一种基于潜在狄利克雷分布(LDA)与Self-Attention的短文本情感分类方法。使用LDA获得每个评论的主题词分布作为该条评论信息的扩展,将扩展信息和原评论文本一起输入到word2vec模型,进行词向量训练,使得该评论文本在高维向量空间实现同一主题的聚类,使用Self-Attention进行动态权重分配并进行分类。通过在谭松波酒店评论数据集上的实验表明,该算法与当前主流的短文本分类情感算法相比,有效地提高了分类性能。

结合TFIDF的Self-Attention-Based Bi-LSTM的垃圾短信识别

随着手机短信成为人们日常生活交往的重要手段,垃圾短信的识别具有重要的现实意义.针对此提出一种结合TFIDF的self-attention-based Bi-LSTM的神经网络模型.该模型首先将短信文本以词向量的方式输入到Bi-LSTM层,经过特征提取并结合TFIDF和self-attention层的信息聚焦获得最后的特征向量,最后将特征向量通过Softmax分类器进行分类得到短信文本分类结果.实验结果表明,结合TFIDF的self-attention-based Bi-LSTM模型相比于传统分类模型的短信文本识别准确率提高了2.1%–4.6%,运行时间减少了0.6 s–10.2 s.

基于Self-Attention模型的机器翻译系统

近几年来神经机器翻译(Neural Machine Translation,NMT)发展迅速,Seq2Seq框架的提出为机器翻译带来了很大的优势,可以在观测到整个输入句子后生成任意输出序列。但是该模型对于长距离信息的捕获能力仍有很大的局限,循环神经网络(RNN)、LSTM网络都是为了改善这一问题提出的,但是效果并不明显。注意力机制的提出与运用则有效地弥补了该缺陷。Self-Attention模型就是在注意力机制的基础上提出的,本文使用Self-Attention为基础构建编码器-解码器框架。本文通过探讨以往的神经网络翻译模型,分析Self-Attention模型的机制与原理,通过TensorFlow深度学习框架对基于Self-Attention模型的翻译系统进行实现,在英文到中文的翻译实验中与以往的神经网络翻译模型进行对比,表明该模型取得了较好的翻译效果。

引入Self-Attention的电力作业违规穿戴智能检测技术研究

随着电网建设的高速发展,作业现场技术支撑人员规模不断扩大。电力现场属于高危作业场所,违规穿戴安全防护用品将会严重危及作业人员的人身安全,为了改善传统人工监管方式效率低下的问题,本文采用实时深度学习算法进行违规穿戴行为检测。检测模型结合实时目标检测网络YOLOv3和Self-Attention机制,借鉴DANet结构,在YOLOv3网络高层嵌入自注意力模块,更好地挖掘和学习特征位置和通道关系。实验结果表明,该模型在违规穿戴检测任务中mAP达到了94.58%,Recall达到了96.67%,与YOLOv3相比,mAP提高了12.66%,Recall提高了2.69%,显著提高模型的精度,可以满足任务的检测需求,提升了电网智能化水平。

融合Self-Attention机制和n-gram卷积核的印尼语复合名词自动识别方法研究

针对印尼语复合名词短语自动识别,提出一种融合Self-Attention机制、n-gram卷积核的神经网络和统计模型相结合的方法,改进现有的多词表达抽取模型。在现有SHOMA模型的基础上,使用多层CNN和Self-Attention机制进行改进。对Universal Dependencies公开的印尼语数据进行复合名词短语自动识别的对比实验,结果表明:TextCNN+Self-Attention+CRF模型取得32.20的短语多词识别F1值和32.34的短语单字识别F1值,比SHOMA模型分别提升了4.93%和3.04%。

Hashtag Recommendation Using LSTM Networks with Self-Attention

On Twitter,people often use hashtags to mark the subject of a tweet.Tweets have specific themes or content that are easy for people to manage.With the increase in the number of tweets,how to automatically recommend hashtags for tweets has received wide attention.The previous hashtag recommendation methods were to convert the task into a multi-class classification problem.However,these methods can only recommend hashtags that appeared in historical information,and cannot recommend the new ones.In this work,we extend the self-attention mechanism to turn the hashtag recommendation task into a sequence labeling task.To train and evaluate the proposed method,we used the real tweet data which is collected from Twitter.Experimental results show that the proposed method can be significantly better than the most advanced method.Compared with the state-of-the-art methods,the accuracy of our method has been increased 4%.

Sentiment classification model for bullet screen based on self-attention mechanism

With the development of short video industry,video and bullet screen have become important ways to spread public opinions.Public attitudes can be timely obtained through emotional analysis on bullet screen,which can also reduce difficulties in management of online public opinions.A convolutional neural network model based on multi-head attention is proposed to solve the problem of how to effectively model relations among words and identify key words in emotion classification tasks with short text contents and lack of complete context information.Firstly,encode word positions so that order information of input sequences can be used by the model.Secondly,use a multi-head attention mechanism to obtain semantic expressions in different subspaces,effectively capture internal relevance and enhance dependent relationships among words,as well as highlight emotional weights of key emotional words.Then a dilated convolution is used to increase the receptive field and extract more features.On this basis,the above multi-attention mechanism is combined with a convolutional neural network to model and analyze the seven emotional categories of bullet screens.Testing from perspectives of model and dataset,experimental results can validate effectiveness of our approach.Finally,emotions of bullet screens are visualized to provide data supports for hot event controls and other fields.

Joint Self-Attention Based Neural Networks for Semantic Relation Extraction

Relation extraction is an important task in NLP community.However,some models often fail in capturing Long-distance dependence on semantics,and the interaction between semantics of two entities is ignored.In this paper,we propose a novel neural network model for semantic relation classification called joint self-attention bi-LSTM(SA-Bi-LSTM)to model the internal structure of the sentence to obtain the importance of each word of the sentence without relying on additional information,and capture Long-distance dependence on semantics.We conduct experiments using the SemEval-2010 Task 8 dataset.Extensive experiments and the results demonstrated that the proposed method is effective against relation classification,which can obtain state-ofthe-art classification accuracy just with minimal feature engineering.

WMA:A Multi-Scale Self-Attention Feature Extraction Network Based on Weight Sharing for VQA

Visual Question Answering(VQA)has attracted extensive research focus and has become a hot topic in deep learning recently.The development of computer vision and natural language processing technology has contributed to the advancement of this research area.Key solutions to improve the performance of VQA system exist in feature extraction,multimodal fusion,and answer prediction modules.There exists an unsolved issue in the popular VQA image feature extraction module that extracts the fine-grained features from objects of different scale difficultly.In this paper,a novel feature extraction network that combines multi-scale convolution and self-attention branches to solve the above problem is designed.Our approach achieves the state-of-the-art performance of a single model on Pascal VOC 2012,VQA 1.0,and VQA 2.0 datasets.

Self-attention transfer networks for speech emotion recognition

Background A crucial element of human-machine interaction,the automatic detection of emotional states from human speech has long been regarded as a challenging task for machine learning models.One vital challenge in speech emotion recognition(SER)is learning robust and discriminative representations from speech.Although machine learning methods have been widely applied in SER research,the inadequate amount of available annotated data has become a bottleneck impeding the extended application of such techniques(e.g.,deep neural networks).To address this issue,we present a deep learning method that combines knowledge transfer and self-attention for SER tasks.Herein,we apply the log-Mel spectrogram with deltas and delta-deltas as inputs.Moreover,given that emotions are time dependent,we apply temporal convolutional neural networks to model the variations in emotions.We further introduce an attention transfer mechanism,which is based on a self-attention algorithm to learn long-term dependencies.The self-attention transfer network(SATN)in our proposed approach takes advantage of attention transfer to learn attention from speech recognition,followed by transferring this knowledge into SER.An evaluation built on Interactive Emotional Dyadic Motion Capture(IEMOCAP)dataset demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model.