利用福建龙岩、漳州、泉州新一代多普勒天气雷达和厦门海沧双偏振雷达探测资料,采用动态地球坐标系下双雷达三维风场反演与拼图技术,基于天气研究和预报模式(Weather Research and Forecasting,WRF)及其资料同化系统,对登陆台风"...利用福建龙岩、漳州、泉州新一代多普勒天气雷达和厦门海沧双偏振雷达探测资料,采用动态地球坐标系下双雷达三维风场反演与拼图技术,基于天气研究和预报模式(Weather Research and Forecasting,WRF)及其资料同化系统,对登陆台风"莫兰蒂"(1614)引起的2016年9月14-15日福建强降水过程进行了双雷达风场反演拼图资料检验及其三维变分同化对强降水精细预报影响的数值试验,结果发现:(1)动态地球坐标系下双雷达反演风场能合理反映实际风场分布状况,其误差相对较小。相较厦门翔安风廓线雷达及厦门探空秒级测风数据,反演风风向(风速)平均绝对误差分别为7.8°(2.6 m/s)及3.4°(1.1 m/s);(2)反演风场水平方向稀疏化对同化及预报结果极为重要,过密的反演风场资料会给同化及预报结果带来负效果。文中采用18、6、2 km 3重嵌套,在3重嵌套区域均进行同化以及仅在2 km区域进行同化两种情况下,均表现为当反演风场资料水平分辨率提高到0.1°时,同化分析及预报的台风环流开始受到负影响;且当反演风场资料水平分辨率越高时,负效果越明显。敏感性试验结果显示,分辨率取0.2°时数值预报效果最好;(3)以美国国家环境预报中心全球预报系统(National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Global Forecast System,NCEP/GFS) 0.5°×0.5°分析场为初值,基于3个不同起报时刻(2016年9月14日14时、20时及15日02时)(北京时,下同)模拟的福建省境内台风内核雨带和螺旋雨带逐时演变、台风路径与强度、逐时降水TS评分和空间相关差异显著,其中14日14时起报试验效果最好;而14日20时起报试验效果最差,这与该试验初始台风大风轴风速明显偏大有关;(4)在上述3个不同起报时刻试验基础上,分别增加双雷达反演风场资料的三维变分同化后,福建境内地面风场和台风内核雨带、螺旋雨带逐时分布、逐时降水TS评分和空间相关、台风环流结构以及U、V风垂直廓线分布均有明显改善,最大正影响时效可达24 h;但仅对1-6 h时效内台风路径有改善。展开更多
This study examined the rainfall characteristics and related synoptic processes of two extreme rainfall events that affected North China during 29 July–1 August 2023(“23·7”rainstorm)and 3–5 August 1996(“96...This study examined the rainfall characteristics and related synoptic processes of two extreme rainfall events that affected North China during 29 July–1 August 2023(“23·7”rainstorm)and 3–5 August 1996(“96·8”rainstorm),respectively.A stable dual-typhoon circulation pattern was observed in both rainstorm events.The surviving vortex of a landed typhoon,slowly approaching the rainstorm region,was blocked by a high-pressure system as it moved northwestward.Meanwhile,the second typhoon over the western Pacific Ocean facilitated remote northward transport of moisture.The low-level jet between the surviving vortex and the western Pacific subtropical high relayed moist warm air from the area of the South China Sea and western Pacific into the rainstorm region.Although the circulation patterns are similar,the stratification conditions,driving factors,and moisture budget of the two rainstorms differed during the main period of rainfall.The“23·7”rainstorm was categorized as warm-sector rainfall,as a result of the lifting of warm moist air over the eastern foothills of Taihang Mountains.In comparison with the situation of the“96·8”rainstorm,the surviving vortex of the“23·7”rainstorm traveled further northeastward and directly impacted the occurrence and progression of the rainfall,leading to relative northward displacement of the rainfall center,while the stronger net inward moisture flux caused greater regional average rainfall.The“96·8”rainstorm was broadly analogous to precipitation of a cold front,and the rainfall center was observed in the convergence area of warm and cold air masses before the mountains;the surviving vortex did not exert direct impact on the rainfall;and the more unstable stratification led to stronger hourly rainfall.The results derived through comparison of the two rainstorms could serve as valuable scientific reference for operational forecasting of heavy rainfall under similar environmental conditions over North China.展开更多
文摘利用福建龙岩、漳州、泉州新一代多普勒天气雷达和厦门海沧双偏振雷达探测资料,采用动态地球坐标系下双雷达三维风场反演与拼图技术,基于天气研究和预报模式(Weather Research and Forecasting,WRF)及其资料同化系统,对登陆台风"莫兰蒂"(1614)引起的2016年9月14-15日福建强降水过程进行了双雷达风场反演拼图资料检验及其三维变分同化对强降水精细预报影响的数值试验,结果发现:(1)动态地球坐标系下双雷达反演风场能合理反映实际风场分布状况,其误差相对较小。相较厦门翔安风廓线雷达及厦门探空秒级测风数据,反演风风向(风速)平均绝对误差分别为7.8°(2.6 m/s)及3.4°(1.1 m/s);(2)反演风场水平方向稀疏化对同化及预报结果极为重要,过密的反演风场资料会给同化及预报结果带来负效果。文中采用18、6、2 km 3重嵌套,在3重嵌套区域均进行同化以及仅在2 km区域进行同化两种情况下,均表现为当反演风场资料水平分辨率提高到0.1°时,同化分析及预报的台风环流开始受到负影响;且当反演风场资料水平分辨率越高时,负效果越明显。敏感性试验结果显示,分辨率取0.2°时数值预报效果最好;(3)以美国国家环境预报中心全球预报系统(National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Global Forecast System,NCEP/GFS) 0.5°×0.5°分析场为初值,基于3个不同起报时刻(2016年9月14日14时、20时及15日02时)(北京时,下同)模拟的福建省境内台风内核雨带和螺旋雨带逐时演变、台风路径与强度、逐时降水TS评分和空间相关差异显著,其中14日14时起报试验效果最好;而14日20时起报试验效果最差,这与该试验初始台风大风轴风速明显偏大有关;(4)在上述3个不同起报时刻试验基础上,分别增加双雷达反演风场资料的三维变分同化后,福建境内地面风场和台风内核雨带、螺旋雨带逐时分布、逐时降水TS评分和空间相关、台风环流结构以及U、V风垂直廓线分布均有明显改善,最大正影响时效可达24 h;但仅对1-6 h时效内台风路径有改善。
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3003903)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42030610)+1 种基金Basic Research Fund of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(2023Z001 and 2023Z020)Development Fund of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(2023KJ026)。
文摘This study examined the rainfall characteristics and related synoptic processes of two extreme rainfall events that affected North China during 29 July–1 August 2023(“23·7”rainstorm)and 3–5 August 1996(“96·8”rainstorm),respectively.A stable dual-typhoon circulation pattern was observed in both rainstorm events.The surviving vortex of a landed typhoon,slowly approaching the rainstorm region,was blocked by a high-pressure system as it moved northwestward.Meanwhile,the second typhoon over the western Pacific Ocean facilitated remote northward transport of moisture.The low-level jet between the surviving vortex and the western Pacific subtropical high relayed moist warm air from the area of the South China Sea and western Pacific into the rainstorm region.Although the circulation patterns are similar,the stratification conditions,driving factors,and moisture budget of the two rainstorms differed during the main period of rainfall.The“23·7”rainstorm was categorized as warm-sector rainfall,as a result of the lifting of warm moist air over the eastern foothills of Taihang Mountains.In comparison with the situation of the“96·8”rainstorm,the surviving vortex of the“23·7”rainstorm traveled further northeastward and directly impacted the occurrence and progression of the rainfall,leading to relative northward displacement of the rainfall center,while the stronger net inward moisture flux caused greater regional average rainfall.The“96·8”rainstorm was broadly analogous to precipitation of a cold front,and the rainfall center was observed in the convergence area of warm and cold air masses before the mountains;the surviving vortex did not exert direct impact on the rainfall;and the more unstable stratification led to stronger hourly rainfall.The results derived through comparison of the two rainstorms could serve as valuable scientific reference for operational forecasting of heavy rainfall under similar environmental conditions over North China.