Mesoscale and Microphysical Characteristics of a Double Rain Belt Event in South China on May 10–13,2022

A second rain belt sometimes occurs ahead of a frontal rain belt in the warm sector over coastal South China,leading to heavy precipitation.We examined the differences in the mesoscale characteristics and microphysics of the frontal and warm sector rain belts that occurred in South China on May 10–13,2022.The southern rain belt occurred in an environment with favorable mesoscale conditions but weak large-scale forcing.In contrast,the northern rain belt was related to low-level horizontal shear and the surface-level front.The interaction between the enhanced southeasterly winds and the rainfall-induced cold pool promoted the persistent growth of convection along the southern rain belt.The convective cell propagated east over the coastal area,where there was a large temperature gradient.The bow-shaped echo in this region may be closely related to the rear-inflow jet.By contrast,the initial convection of the northern rain belt was triggered along the front and the region of low-level horizontal shear,with mesoscale interactions between the enhanced warm-moist southeasterly airflow and the cold dome associated with the earlier rain.The terrain blocked the movement of the cold pool,resulting in the stagnation of the frontal convective cell at an early stage.Subsequently,a meso-γ-scale vortex formed during the rapid movement of the convective cell,corresponding to an enhancement of precipitation.The representative raindrop spectra for the southern rain belt were characterized by a greater number and higher density of raindrops than the northern rain belt,even though both resulted in comparable hourly rainfalls.These results help us better understand the characteristics of double rain belts over South China.

Transpressive Structures in the Ghadir Shear Belt, Eastern Desert, Egypt: Evidence for Partitioning of Oblique Convergence in the Arabian-Nubian Shield during Gondwana Agglutination

Transpressional deformation has played an important role in the late Neoproterozoic evolution of the ArabianNubian Shield including the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt.The Ghadir Shear Belt is a 35 km-long,NW-oriented brittleductile shear zone that underwent overall sinistral transpression during the Late Neoproterozoic.Within this shear belt,strain is highly partitioned into shortening,oblique,extensional and strike-slip structures at multiple scales.Moreover,strain partitioning is heterogeneous along-strike giving rise to three distinct structural domains.In the East Ghadir and Ambaut shear belts,the strain is pure-shear dominated whereas the narrow sectors parallel to the shear walls in the West Ghadir Shear Zone are simple-shear dominated.These domains are comparable to splay-dominated and thrust-dominated strike-slip shear zones.The kinematic transition along the Ghadir shear belt is consistent with separate strike-slip and thrustsense shear zones.The earlier fabric(S1),is locally recognized in low strain areas and SW-ward thrusts.S2 is associated with a shallowly plunging stretching lineation(L2),and defines^NW-SE major upright macroscopic folds in the East Ghadir shear belt.F2 folds are superimposed by^NNW–SSE tight-minor and major F3 folds that are kinematically compatible with sinistral transpressional deformation along the West Ghadir Shear Zone and may represent strain partitioning during deformation.F2 and F3 folds are superimposed by ENE–WSW gentle F4 folds in the Ambaut shear belt.The sub-parallelism of F3 and F4 fold axes with the shear zones may have resulted from strain partitioning associated with simple shear deformation along narrow mylonite zones and pure shear-dominant deformation in fold zones.Dextral ENEstriking shear zones were subsequently active at ca.595 Ma,coeval with sinistral shearing along NW-to NNW-striking shear zones.The occurrence of upright folds and folds with vertical axes suggests that transpression plays a significant role in the tectonic evolution of the Ghadir shear belt.Oblique convergence may have been provoked by the buckling of the Hafafit gneiss-cored domes and relative rotations between its segments.Upright folds,fold with vertical axes and sinistral strike-slip shear zones developed in response to strain partitioning.The West Ghadir Shear Zone contains thrusts and strikeslip shear zones that resulted from lateral escape tectonics associated with lateral imbrication and transpression in response to oblique squeezing of the Arabian-Nubian Shield during agglutination of East and West Gondwana.

A Uniform Orogen-parallel Extension System of the Shear Zones in the Tongbai-Dabie Orogenic Belt, Central China

Large-scale magmatism affected the Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt during post-collisional lateral tectonic extension in the Cretaceous, which was suggested to account for the widespread deformation and migmatization in the Tongbai-Dabie complexes. However, it cannot explain the most deformations in the shear zones. The northwest-southeast shear zones are developed around or wrapped the Tongbai-Dabie complexes. They play an important role for the interpretation of the tectonic evolution of the Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt. By a systematically observation and description of the geometry and kinematics of these shear zones, we found that the shear zones to the north dip NE and have a uniform sinistral shear sense, the shear zone to the south dips SW and has a uniform dextral shear sense, and the shear zones at the core are sub-horizontal and have a uniform top-to-NW sense of shear. Combining with the comparison of previous and our geochronological studies, we interpret these associations as indicating that these shear zones were originally a single, more flat-lying and sub- horizontal shear zone with a uniform top-to-NW shear sense before the folding-doming of the Tongbai- Dabie complexes and suggest that the Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt experienced a uniform top-to-NW orogen-paraUel extension in the ductile lithosphere before the widespread magmatism in the Cretaceous.

Global shear stress pattern in main seismic active belts

Based on the relationship between body wave magnitued m b and seismic moment M 0 presented by PEI SHAN CHEN (1981), by using the moment tensor and focal mechanism solution in the earthquake reports of EDR, a global shear stress pattern including shear stress values and directions of P and T principal axis was obatained. The distribution of ambient shear stress values in the globe is: the highest in intraplate followed by subduction zone, and the lowest in oceanic ridge. The horizontal directions of the maximum principal stresses we got are coincident very well with the result of Zoback (1989). The detail analysis of the stress state in Tonga region shows that: The subduction slab bends down in shallow by press and bends up in deep because of the resistance from deeper part. Between them, the slab is in an equilibrum state. After analysizing the global stress distribution, we got the result that: the plate is driven by a drag force from under its bottom, the plate motion results in its extensional state in oceanic ridge and compressive state in subduction zone.

Characteristics of Compositional Migration in Mylonites from the Ductile Shear Zones of the Southern Tancheng-Lujiang Fault Belt, Eastern Anhui Province

On the basis of field geology, three typical ductile shear zones in the southern part of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault belt have been chosen for a detailed study. Altogether ten samples of the tectonites have been collected for this study. The paper is focused on a comprehensive study of the tectonites in the medium-lower horizons of the ductile shear zones. The mineral compositions of the rocks are analyzed with EPMA and some typical whole-rock samples analyzed by chemical and ICP methods. Based on the comprehensive study of the characteristics of the deformation, the mineral assemblages and the changes of chemical composition of the bulk rocks, this paper presents a discussion on the relationship between the volume loss, the fluid flow and compositional changes during mylonitization of the ductile shear zones in this region. Our study shows that there are a large amount of fluids flowing through the shear zones during the process of mylonization, accompanied by the loss of rock volume and migration of elements and components. Modelling calculation results under different saturation conditions of fluids show that the maximum volume loss of the tectonites is about 60% relative to their protolith, while the fluid/rock ratio ranges from 10 to 103 in different ductile shear zones.

The Geological Significance of the Deformation and Geochronology of the Xiaotian–Mozitan Shear Zone in the Dabie Orogenic Belt(East-Central China)

The Xiaotian–Mozitan Shear Zone(XMSZ)is the boundary of the Dabie High-grade Metamorphic Complex(DHMC)and the North Huaiyang Tectonic Belt.It was deformed in ductile conditions with a top-to-NW/WNW movement.Geothermometers applied to mineral parageneses in mylonites of the shear zone give a temperature range of 623–691°C for the predeformation and 515–568°C for the syndeformation,respectively,which indicates a retrograde process of evolution.A few groups of zircon U-Pb ages were obtained from undeformed granitic veins and different types of deformed rocks in the zone.Zircons from the felsic ultramylonites are all magmatic,producing a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 754±8.1 Ma,which indicates the time of magmatic activities caused by rifting in the Neoproterozoic.Zircons from the granitic veins,cutting into the mylonites,are also of magmatic origin,producing a weighted mean 206 Pb/238 U age of 130±2.5 Ma,which represents the time of regional magmatic activity in the Cretaceous.Zircons from the mylonitic gneisses are of anatectic-metamorphic origins and are characterized by a core-mantle interior texture,which yielded several populations of ages including the Neoproterozoic ages with a weighted mean 206 Pb/238 U age of 762±18 Ma,similar to that of the felsic ultramylonites and the Early Cretaceous ages with a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 143±1.8 Ma,indicating the anatectic metamorphism in the Dabie Orogenic Belt(DOB).Based on integrated analysis of the structure,thermal conditions of ductile deformation and the contact relations of the dated rocks,the activation time of the Xiaotian–Mozitan Shear Zone is constrained between~143 Ma and 130 Ma,during which the DOB was undergoing a transition in tectonic regime from compression to extension.Therefore,the deformation and evolution of this shear zone plays an instrumental role in fully understanding this process.This research also inclines us to the interpretation of it as an extensional detachment,with regard to the tectonic properties of the shear zone.It may also be part of a continental scale extension in the background of the North China Block’s cratonic destruction,dominated by the subduction and roll-back of the Paleo-Pacific plate,but more detailed work is needed in order to unravel its complicated development.

Geometry and kinematics of brittle deformation in the Central Cameroon Shear Zone (Kékem area): Implication for gold exploration within the Central Africa Fold Belt in Cameroon

The Central Africa Fold Belt(CAFB)is a collision belt endowed with gold deposits in Eastern Cameroon area mined for about 50 years.However,favorable areas for gold exploration are poorly known.This paper presents(1)the kinematics of the brittle deformation in the Kékem area in the SW portion of the Central Cameroon Shear Zone and(2)constraints gold mineralization events with respect to the collisional evolution of the CAFB.The authors interpret that the conjugate ENE to E and NNW to NW trending lineament corresponds to the synthetic(R)and the antithetic(R’)shears,which accompanied the dextral slip along the NE to ENE striking shear.The latter coincides with the last 570-552 Ma D3 dextral simple shear-dominated transpression,which is parallel to the BétaréOya shear zone hosting gold deposits.Gold mineralizations,which mainly occurred during the last dextral shearing,are disseminated within quartz veins associated to Riedel’s previous structures reactivated due to late collisional activities of the CAFB as brittle deformation.Gold mineralizations occurred mainly during the 570-552 Ma D3 event.The reactivation,which might be due to dextral simple shear during mylonitzation,plausibly remobilized the early gold deposits hosted in syn-compressional rocks and/or possibly focused deep-sourced fluid mixed with those released by dehydration.Therefore,the Central Cameroon Shear Zone where Kékem is located,and which shows similar petrographical and structural features to those controling Batouri gold district,is a target area for gold exploration in Cameroon.

Petrological Study on the Ductile Shear Zones in the Core of the Eastern Qinling Orogenic Belt in Western Henan

A series of ductile shear zones of the overthrust and strike-slip-types and related ductile shear metamorphicrocks, including tectonic melange and mylonites. were formed in the core of the Qinling orogenic belt in thecourse of the Caledonian-Indosinian ductilc and brittle-ductile reworking. The study on their petrography. va-riations in composition and conditions of formation is conducive to revealing the metamorphism-deformationhistory of the core of the Qinling orogenic belt and further to understanding the dynamic mechanism of its evo-lution.

Tectonites in the Shear Zone Array of the Tongbai-Dabie Orogenic Belt

A series of tectonites were formed in the shear zone array of the Tongbai--Dabie Orogenic Belt, including mylonites, blastomylonites, semi--plastic mylonites and foliated cataclasitesas a result of multiple strain localization, strain softening and deformation partitioning.

两种结构类型的走滑相关剪断裂带

里德尔剪切是走滑带的典型构造样式,但近年来发现的很多剪断裂带中的剪断裂组合样式与经典里德尔剪切不同。在这些剪断裂带中,剪断裂的排列方式与两盘位移方向性质相同,即左阶左行或右阶右行,被称为同阶行剪断裂,其叠合部位具有离散性质。基于库伦破裂准则,认为这些剪断裂带是在双剪切带夹持的断夹块上发育的。在双剪切作用下,最大主应力迹线方向上将产生2组共轭势剪破裂,在递进变形过程中,与最大剪应力(主走滑方向)成小锐夹角的剪破裂将优先得到发展,而与最大剪应力成大锐夹角的剪破裂将受到抑制而被限制在前者之间,形成一种不同于经典里德尔剪切组合样式的新型剪断裂带。这种类型的剪断裂带发育离散型叠合带,对成藏成矿具有重要意义。

台风“烟花”登陆浙江前后强降水雨带变化特征及成因分析

利用GPM_3IMERGM降水产品、地面加密自动站资料、黑体亮度温度(Blackbody Brightness Temperature,TBB)和ERA5再分析资料,研究台风“烟花”登陆浙江前后强降水雨带变化特征及其成因。结果如下:(1)台风“烟花”登陆前后降水强度减弱慢,强降水雨带分布不对称,登陆前强降水中心在北侧,且存在外围强降水雨带,登陆后强降水中心转至东侧并出现尾部雨带;(2)台风“烟花”引导气流弱、移速慢,台风“查帕卡”和“尼伯特”加强水汽输送,使得“烟花”强度减弱缓慢,维持强降水;“烟花”登陆前水汽输送主要来自南海,登陆后主要来自东侧西太平洋,有利于降水中心向东偏移;(3)垂直风切变的变化与台风“烟花”雨带中心移动有较好对应关系,雨带中心一般位于顺切变左侧或顺切变方向;台风“烟花”登陆前垂直散度场结构向北倾斜,台风区域内的上升运动自北向南减弱,登陆后散度场结构向东倾斜,上升运动自东向西减弱,台风降水中心逐渐从北侧移至东侧;(4)台风“烟花”登陆前的外围雨带受到杭州湾地形辐合和龙门山地形抬升作用影响,登陆后的尾部雨带主要与海岸线附近的摩擦辐合和四明山地形抬升有关。

Structural Geology and Chronology of Shear Zones along the Shangdan Suture in Qinling Orogenic Belt,China:Implications for Late Mesozoic Intra-Continental Deformation of East Asia

The Shangdan suture zone(SDZ)in the Qinling orogenic belt(QOB)is a key to understanding the East Asia tectonic evolution.The SDZ gives information about convergent processes between the North China Block(NCB)and South China Block(SCB).In the Late Mesozoic,several shear zones evolved along the SDZ boundary that helps us comprehend the collisional deformation between the NCB and SCB,which was neglected in previous studies.These shear zones play an essential role in the tectonic evolution of the East Asia continents.This study focuses on the deformation and geochronology of two shear zones distributed along the SDZ,identified in the Shaliangzi and Maanqiao areas.The shear sense indicators and kinematic vorticity numbers(0.54–0.90)suggest these shear zones have sinistral shear and sub-simple shear deformation kinematics.The quartz’s dynamic recrystallization and c-axis fabric analysis in the Maanqiao shear zone(MSZ)revealed that the MSZ experienced deformation under green-schist facies conditions at∼400–500℃.The Shaliangzi shear zone deformed under amphibolite facies at∼500–700℃.The^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar(muscovite-biotite)dating of samples provided a plateau age of 121–123 Ma.Together with previously published data,our results concluded that QOB was dominated by compressional tectonics during the Late Early Cretaceous.Moreover,we suggested that the Siberian Block moved back to the south and Lhasa-Qiantang-Indochina Block to the north,which promoted intra-continental compressional tectonics.

皮带运输机伸缩机尾优化设计

针对综掘工作面需频繁移设皮带运输机影响作业效率的问题,提出基于皮带运输机机尾装置的优化方案。在分析皮带运输机工作原理的基础上,重点研究了机尾装置的总体结构设计、关键剪式结构设计、关键锁止结构设计,最后完成实施效果分析。分析结果表明,优化后的皮带运输机机尾满足设计及使用要求,有助于提升综掘工作面作业效率。

Rock Deformation,Component Migration and 18O/16O Variations during Mylonitization in the Southern Tan-Lu Fault Belt

This paper discusses the relationship between the volume loss, fluid flow and component variations in the ductile shear zone of the southern Tan-Lu fault belt. The results show that there is a large amount of fluids flowing through the shear zone during mylonitization, accompanied with the loss of volume of rocks and variations of elements and oxygen isotopes. The calculated temperature for mylonitization in different mylonites ranges from 446 to 484℃, corresponding to that of 475 to 500℃ for the wall rocks. The condition of differential stress during mylonization has been obtained between 99 and 210 MPa, whereas the differential stress in the wall rock gneiss is 70-78 MPa. The mylonites are enriched by factors of 1.32-1.87 in elements such as TiO2, P2O5, MnO, Y, Zr and V and depleted in SiO2, Na2O, K2O, Al203, Sr, Rb and light REEs compared to their protolith gneiss. The immobile element enrichments are attributed to enrichments in residual phases such as ilmentite, zircon, apatite and epidote in mylonites and are interpreted as due to volume losses from 15% to 60% in the ductile shear zone. The largest amount of SiO2 loss is 35.76 g/100 g in the ductile shear zone, which shows the fluid infiltration. Modeling calculated results of the fluid/rock ratio for the ductile shear zone range from 196 to 1192 by assuming different degrees of fluid saturation. Oxygen isotope changes of quartz and feldspar and the calculated fluid are corresponding to the variations of differential flow stress in the ductile shear zone. With increasing differential flow stress, the mylonites show a slight decrease of δ^18O in quartz, K-feldspar and fluid.

Transpressive Deformation across Tongbo-Dabie Orogenic Belt

Deformation characteristics of the dextral Dashankou ductile shear zone , parallel to the Tongbo-Dabie Orogenic Belt and regional stretching lineation patterns within the blueschist belt in Northern Hubei , China , are examined at various scales , respectively . The new data , combined with those obtained in the Wudangshan area , indicate a transpressive deformation involving a WNW directed nearly horizontal shearing accompanied by shortening across the orogenic belt . A kinematic model is proposed for development of the deformation within the Tongboshan segment . Based on these findings it can be seen that the convergence and collision between the North China Craton and the Yangtze Craton may locally be oblique during the Proterozoic Jinningian Orogeny . This oblique collision is probably related to a certain extent to the shapes of the older craton margins .

水-岩和重复剪切次序作用下节理岩体损伤效应及模型

水库蓄水运行过程中,部分库岸边坡出现了明显的台阶式变形趋势,消落带岩体处于库水位周期性升降变化和阶段性重复剪切次序作用下。基于此,设计进行了节理岩体的水-岩作用试验,并在不同水-岩作用周期进行重复剪切试验,研究结果显示:(1)在水-岩和重复剪切次序作用下,节理岩体的抗剪强度、剪切刚度、节理面粗糙度系数均呈现先陡后缓的劣化趋势,比较而言,前4个作用周期的劣化趋势尤为明显,而且法向应力越大,劣化趋势越明显;(2)由重复剪切导致的抗剪强度劣化趋势在初始状态时尤为明显,之后随水-岩作用周期的增加迅速减弱,由水-岩作用导致的抗剪强度劣化趋势在前4个作用周期较为明显,随后趋于平缓;(3)将节理面岩壁损伤区域分为水-岩作用损伤区域、水-岩和重复剪切次序作用损伤区域,对JRC-JCS抗剪强度模型进行了修正,验证分析表明修正后的模型计算值与试验结果吻合较好。相关研究方法和成果可为库岸边坡消落带节理岩体性能劣化分析提供较好参考。

山东省蓬莱-栖霞金成矿带地壳结构对金成矿的约束

岩浆活动和构造活动是胶东地区金成矿的主要成矿要素,建立岩浆活动和构造活动间的成因联系是成矿机理研究的重要内容。本次贯穿笏山金矿和蓬莱-栖霞断裂带的高精度反射地震剖面测量显示,控矿的陡崖-台前断裂为地壳浅层的铲式断裂,其深部与垂向的蓬莱-栖霞断裂带的主干断裂栖霞-杨础断裂相交。栖霞-杨础断裂切穿地壳,表现出走滑断裂特征,沿断裂存在岩浆活动行迹。蓬莱-栖霞金矿带为以解宋营-紫现头断裂、栖霞-杨础断裂为主干,发育的右旋走滑断裂构造系统。岩浆活动和成矿作用分布于构造系统的局部张性域内。研究表明:胶东地区存在以剪切走滑为主控的构造活动和沿垂直地壳的剪切带与之耦合的岩浆活动。在此基础上,提出了以岩石剪切破裂模式为基础的,右旋走滑断裂控制的岩浆活动和成矿作用相耦合的基于岩石圈剪切破裂的成矿系统模型。

内蒙古西北部望湖山韧性剪切带构造特征及其地质意义

望湖山韧性剪切带位于中亚造山带中段南缘的雅干断裂带内。本文应用野外和显微构造解析、^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar和U-Pb同位素地质年代学手段来恢复该剪切带的构造演化史,并探讨了其与中亚造山带碰撞造山的关系。望湖山韧性剪切带走向近东西,具右行走滑性质。糜棱岩中长石和石英的动态重结晶方式限定了其变形温度在400~500℃,属高绿片岩相—低角闪岩相动力变质带。剪切带内岩株状产出的糜棱岩化闪长岩结晶年龄为331.3±5.7 Ma,侵入其中的同构造花岗岩脉结晶年龄为304.8±2.3 Ma。咸水湖组中同构造糜棱岩化黑云母二长花岗岩脉结晶年龄为308.9±2.0 Ma。侵入剪切带且未变形正长花岗岩结晶年龄为288.4±1.3 Ma。以上限定了该期韧性剪切变形时代在331~288 Ma之间。剪切带中糜棱岩的黑(白)云母^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar同位素测年获得了253~237 Ma坪年龄,与侵入剪切带的三叠纪花岗岩年龄近一致,为晚期岩浆热事件的记录。综合分析,望湖山韧性剪切带应为中亚造山带在晚石炭世—早二叠世碰撞造山的直接记录,并在早二叠世晚期本区域碰撞造山结束。

山西五台山—恒山太古代绿岩带金矿及其典型矿床地质特征

山西五台山—恒山太古代绿岩带金矿为华北板块区绿岩带中规模最大又十分典型的金矿床之一。矿体主要赋存于五台群柏枝岩组、金岗库组硅铁建造与鸿门岩组云母石英片岩中,典型金矿床有山西五台山东腰庄和代县小板峪金矿床等;金矿体呈似层状、透镜体状产出,矿床与太古代绿岩带硅铁建造和脆-韧性剪切带密切相关;矿石类型以含黄铁矿化绢云钠长片岩为特征,金主要赋存于黄铁矿中;硅化、黄铁矿化等围岩蚀变与金矿化关系密切;金矿床成因为与太古代绿岩带硅铁建造和脆-韧性剪切带密切相关的变质热液型。

张家口—渤海地震带与山西地震带交汇区的地壳剪切波分裂

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