Energy Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Full-Duplex Networks

The wireless full-duplex(FD) nodes can transmit and receive at the same time using the same frequency-band. Currently, the latest FD media access control(MAC) protocols mainly focus on how to convert the physical layer gains of FD nodes to the throughput gain of wireless FD networks, but pay little attention to the energy consumptions of FD nodes. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient FD MAC protocol. According to the values of self-interference cancellation coefficients corresponding to the nodes of each FD pair and the signal propagation attenuation, the proposed protocol can adaptively select the communication mode of the FD pair between the full-duplex and half-duplex. Also, the minimum transmit power for FD nodes can be obtained to achieve high energy efficiency. We develop an analytical model to characterize the performance of our protocol. The numerical results show that the proposed MAC protocol can optimize the system throughput and reduce the transmission energy consumptions of nodes simultaneously as compared with those of the existing works.

Exploring the role of inhibitory coupling in duplex networks

The electrical coupling of myocytes and fibroblasts can play a role in inhibiting electrical impluse propagation in cardiac muscle. To understand the function of fibroblast–myocyte coupling in the aging heart, the spiral-wave dynamics in the duplex networks with inhibitory coupling is numerically investigated by the Br–Eiswirth model. The numerical results show that the inhibitory coupling can change the wave amplitude, excited phase duration and excitability of the system. When the related parameters are properly chosen, the inhibitory coupling can induce local abnormal oscillation in the system and the Eckhaus instability of the spiral wave. For the dense inhibitory network, the maximal decrement（maximal increment） in the excited phase duration can reach 24.3%（13.4%）, whereas the maximal decrement in wave amplitude approaches 28.1%. Upon increasing the inhibitory coupling strength, the system excitability is reduced and even completely suppressed when the interval between grid points in the inhibitory network is small enough. Moreover, the inhibitory coupling can lead to richer phase transition scenarios of the system, such as the transition from a stable spiral wave to turbulence and the transition from a meandering spiral wave to a planar wave. In addition, the self-sustaining planar wave, the unique meandering of spiral wave and inward spiral wave are observed. The physical mechanisms behind the phenomena are analyzed.

Channel Estimation for Full-Duplex Relay Transmission in Cloud Radio Access Networks

Relay in full-duplex(FD) mode can achieve higher spectrum efficiency than that in half-duplex mode,while it is crucial to suppress relay self-interference to ensure transmission quality which requires instantaneous channel state information(CSI). In this paper,the channel estimation issue in FD amplify-andforward relay networks is considered,where the training-based estimation technique is adopted. Firstly,the least square(LS) estimation is implemented to obtain composite channel coefficients of source-relay-destination(SRD) channel and relay loop-interference(LI) channel in order to assist destination in performing data detection. Secondly,both LS and maximum likelihood estimation methods are utilized to perform individual channel estimation aiming at supporting successive interference cancelation at destination. Finally,simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of both composite and individual channel estimation,and the presented ML method can achieve lower MSEs than LS solution.

A Networking Solution on Uplink Channel of CoFrequency and Co-Time System

Co-frequency and co-time full duplex(CCFD) is an attractive technology for the future wireless communication because of its high spectral efficiency.However,applications of CCFD to mobile network can suffer from strong base station to base station(B2B)interference.In this paper,the authors proposed a design that uses centralized base station(BS)transmit antenna and distributed BS receive antennas,each of which consists of an antennary to perform beamforming that can nullify the B2 B interference.In addition,we proposed a combination algorithm that uses the zero forcing method to cascade the recursive least square(RLS) method for reducing the necessary number of the bits taken to the digital processor.This enables the faster convergence and,thus,allows the transmission of more information bits,compared to the conventional method,for mobile communication.The simulation results confirm this approach for practical application.

Multiobjective optimization of friction welding of UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel

The present study is to optimize the process parameters for friction welding of duplex stainless steel(DSS UNS S32205).Experiments were conducted according to central composite design.Process variables,as inputs of the neural network,included friction pressure,upsetting pressure,speed and burn-off length.Tensile strength and microhardness were selected as the outputs of the neural networks.The weld metals had higher hardness and tensile strength than the base material due to grain refinement which caused failures away from the joint interface during tensile testing.Due to shorter heating time,no secondary phase intermetallic precipitation was observed in the weld joint.A multi-layer perceptron neural network was established for modeling purpose.Five various training algorithms,belonging to three classes,namely gradient descent,genetic algorithm and LevenbergeM arquardt,were used to train artificial neural network.The optimization was carried out by using particle swarm optimization method.Confirmation test was carried out by setting the optimized parameters.In conformation test,maximum tensile strength and maximum hardness obtained are 822 MPa and 322 Hv,respectively.The metallurgical investigations revealed that base metal,partially deformed zone and weld zone maintain austenite/ferrite proportion of 50:50.

Two-Codebook-Based Cooperative Precoding for TDD-CoMP in 5G Ultra-Dense Networks

In ultra-dense networks （UDN）, the local precoding scheme for time-division duplex coordinated multiple point transmission （TDD-CoMP） can have a good performance with no feedback by using reciprocity between uplink and dovallink. However, if channel is time-varying, the channel difference would cause codeword mismatch between transmitter and receiver, which leads to performance degradation. In this paper, a linear interpolation method is proposed for TDD-CoMP system to estimate the uplink channel at the receiver, which would reduce the channel difference caused by time delay and decrease the probability of codeword mismatch between both sides. Moreover, to mitigate severe inter-cell interference and increase the coverage and throughput of celledge users in UDN, a two-codebook scheme is used to strengthen cooperation between base stations （BSs）, which can outperform the global precoding scheme with less overhead. Simulations show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the link performance compared to the global precoding scheme.

A Full-Duplex PON with Hybrid 64/16/4QAM OFDM Downlink and Hybrid 16/8/QPSK OFDM Uplink

In the context of next-generation optical access networks beyond 10 G, for high SE and flexible dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA), the scheme of hybrid 64/16/4QAM-OFDM signal for downlink transmission and hybrid 16/8/QPSK-OFDM signal for uplink transmission is successfully proposed and experimentally presented in a full-duplex PON based on OFDM system. Here, for the uplink, in order to unit management of the optical line terminal (OLT) and reduce cost, the optical source functioned as the optical subcarrier at optical network units (ONUs) is from OLT in the central station. Moreover, there is an external cavity laser (ECL) with center frequency of 193.2 THz not only employed as optical modulated signal but also acted as LO signal. Our simulation results show that bit error ratio (BER) under hardware detection forward error correction has been successfully gained after 20 km of SSMF transmission. It is observed that the receiver sensitivity of multilevel PSK (M-PSK) is obviously larger than that of the M-QAM in this measurement scheme.

不完美CSI下全双工多用户多天线中继网络的能效谱效均衡

在信道状态信息存在误差及用户间存在相互干扰的条件下,为优化解码转发全双工多用户多天线中继网络的能量效率和频谱效率性能,提出一种能效与谱效均衡优化方案,通过寻求能效和谱效之间的平衡点,实现能效和谱效的最优化。首先,对信道进行估计,求出最小均方误差下信道估计和下行速率的表达式;其次,在最大总发射功率的约束下,引入帕累托最优集,建立多目标优化问题,使相互矛盾的能效和谱效同时最大化;再次,利用加权和的方法,将多目标能效和谱效优化问题简化为单目标能效与谱效优化问题,通过增加干扰约束将单目标优化问题转化为凸优化问题,并采用拉格朗日乘子法求得最优发射功率;最后,通过仿真结果证明,设置不同的均衡因子能够实现能效和谱效的均衡。

柔性双工网络功率分配:边剪枝加速的GNN计算

由于用户间干扰的存在,无线通信网络中的功率分配问题往往是非凸的、计算量巨大。当前图神经网络(graph neural network,GNN)成为一种有效的计算方法被用来解决该问题。为了最大限度地提高网络传输速率的同时降低计算复杂度,提出一种将设备属性和通信连接属性纳入GNN的柔性双工网络图表示方法,并构建了相应的柔性双工图神经网络(flexible duplex GNN,FD-GNN)模型,首次将节点对之间的距离、信道增益和邻居作为动态阈值引入到FD-GNN中,以适应动态环境。排除GNN中邻居的信道状态信息,通过修剪FD-GNN中的边来减少计算时间降低网络时间复杂度。仿真表明,所提出的基于信道增益邻居的阈值设定方法,性能最优且达到加权最小均方误差(weighted minimum mean square error,WMMSE)的97%,相较于Full-GNN所需的训练时间下降24%。提出的基于阈值的边剪枝有效降低了GNN运算的时间复杂度,提高了算法有效性。

柔性双工网络中基于图神经网络的能源效率联合优化方法

在绿色通信和双碳目标的背景下,提升网络能源效率(energy efficiency,EE)是当前无线通信系统设计和可靠运行的关键技术之一。首先,针对柔性双工网络(flexible duplex networks,Flex-Net)的“和能源效率”最大化的问题,构建了一个具有成对固定通信链路的网络;接着,鉴于图神经网络在通信网络资源优化中的优势,提出了一种新的基于图神经网络(GNN)架构的柔性双工网络(GFlex-Net),以联合优化“通信方向”和“传输功率”,达到网络能效最大化。仿真结果表明,与传统的算法相比,所提出的架构有近乎最优的性能表现,达到穷举法性能的95%,但保持了较低的计算复杂度O(n2),同时算法揭示了GNN在资源优化中面对样本复杂性、可扩展性和泛化能力方面的优势。

基于网络辅助全双工无蜂窝系统的通感一体化协议设计

第六代移动通信技术的研究受到了广泛关注。随着通信和雷达频率范围的重叠,学者们对通感一体化的研究产生了浓厚兴趣。然而,分布式联合感知技术目前仍面临自干扰和互干扰等物理层挑战。基于第五代新空口协议,提出了一种针对网络辅助全双工无蜂窝系统的通感一体化协议方案,增设了感知解调参考信号。这一创新旨在通过低成本的改动,实现高质量的高通感一体化性能。该方案有效地解决了无蜂窝场景中接入点之间的感知干扰问题,它使得接收机能够准确地识别信源并估计信道,从而在确保通信性能的同时,实现精确的感知功能。

飞行自组织网的全双工双向时间传递技术研究

针对飞行自组网(FANET)中节点间相对运动导致双向时间传递精度下降的问题,该文提出一种全双工双向时间传递(TWTT)方法。首先,根据全双工双向时间传递过程构造了需要求解的方程组,推导了单次时间传递的同步误差表达式;然后,分析了在无频偏和有频偏条件下,迭代进行全双工双向时间传递的收敛性;最后,通过仿真分析和实验验证比较了全双工双向时间传递方法和传统双向时间传递方法的性能。仿真和实验结果表明,全双工双向时间传递方法在节点高速机动下,时间同步精度可达到与物理层时间戳相同的精度,优于现有的运动补偿方法。

基于增强型微带耦合器组的全双工自干扰消除方法

自干扰消除技术是实现同时同频全双工通信的基础。在现有全双工天线系统的基础上,文中提出了一种新型的基于增强耦合器组的自干扰消除结构,该增强型耦合器组采用多支微带耦合器作为结构单元,具有良好的阻抗匹配和相位平衡性能,可以在大带宽范围内(500 MHz)实现超过40 dB的收发隔离度(中心频点为2.4 GHz)。进一步结合抽头式自干扰消除电路和宽带式贴片天线,文中提出的天线域模拟域联合自干扰消除方案最终可在120 MHz带宽上实现超过50 dB的自干扰消除。

基于Transformer大规模MIMO的CSI反馈网络

针对频分双工大规模多输入多输出系统中信道状态信息反馈方法反馈精度低的问题,提出了一种名为CDTransformer的基于Transformer和卷积分解(convolutional decomposition,CD)的CSI反馈网络。CDTransformer将卷积分解融入改进的Transformer结构网络中,在不增加计算复杂度的情况下提升网络性能,并通过对网络的全连接层进行二值化实现轻量级部署。针对用户端功率有限的情况,提出了一种MixedTransformer网络模型。其中编码器采用计算成本较低、结构简单的单层卷积神经网络,而解码器则采用与CDTransformer模型相同的结构。CDTransformer模型融合了Transformer结构和卷积分解,提高了CSI反馈精度并实现轻量级部署。此外,引入了MixedTransformer模型,结合了CDTransformer和卷积神经网络的优点,以在功率有限情况下提供更好的性能。结果显示,相比于CsiTransformer网络模型,CDTransformer网络模型在归一化均方误差和余弦相似度方面分别提高了37.7%和0.2%。

蜂窝网络下同时同频全双工设备到设备组网的干扰协调算法

蜂窝网络下的同时同频全双工(CCFD)设备到设备(D2D)组网可以进一步提升网络频谱效率,然而由此引入的残余自干扰(RSI)及蜂窝用户(CU)与D2D用户(DU)之间共享频谱的干扰会严重影响到蜂窝用户的体验。因此,该文为蜂窝网络下同时同频全双工组网设计了两种干扰协调算法,即CU和速率最大化算法(MaxSumCU)与CU最小速率最大化算法(MaxMinCU),在小区频谱效率得到提升的同时尽可能地保证CU的体验。对于MaxSumCU算法,该文以CU和速率为优化目标建立混合整数非线性规划问题(MINLP),其在数学上为非确定性多项式(NP-hard)问题。算法将其分解为功率控制与频谱资源分配两个子问题,并用图形规划找到最优功率解后,使用二向图最大权值匹配算法决定频谱共享的CU与DU。为了保证每一个蜂窝用户体验的公平性,该文设计了Max Min CU算法用以最大化所有CU速率中的最小值,该算法基于二分查找与二向图最小权值匹配算法来完成用户的资源分配。数值结果表明,与小区和速率最大化(MaxSumCell)设计相比,该文所提的两种算法在提升小区和速率的同时均有效地提升了蜂窝用户的体验。

基于TDD的低轨卫星跳波束资源分配算法

低轨(LEO)卫星跳波束技术可以灵活分配系统资源,适用于业务分布不均匀的场景。时分双工(TDD)方式可以减少星载和地面终端设备的天线数量,有效降低其复杂度,并有利于开展上下行非对称业务。本文提出一种基于TDD的LEO卫星跳波束资源分配算法,在满足业务需求的基础上,以最小化时域资源消耗为目标,建立支持跳波束和多频时分多址接入(MF-TDMA)机制的LEO卫星反向链路资源分配模型;综合考虑星地动态时延补偿,采取一种多层次的跳波束时隙架构设计,以最大化可用时隙为目标,建立上下行时隙切换模型,并提出一种基于TDD的跳波束时隙排布优化方法。仿真结果表明,对比于传统的MF-TDMA资源分配方法或固定多波束均分算法,本文提出的算法能有效提高系统的时隙利用率和吞吐量。

vxWorks下基于缓冲队列的全双工网络通讯

文章针对半自动大型仪器使用半双工网络通讯造成的效率下降问题,建立了在嵌入式实时操作系统vxWorks下全双工网络通讯的模式,并特别提出了双缓冲队列的流水线处理方法和通讯死时间的概念。该方法充分利用vxWorks对多任务和网络的良好支持,做到了在操作人员层面上的软件零死时间,在改善系统响应特性,提高软件效率上都很有帮助。因此比半双工通讯方式更加适用于半自动控制。

基于地面站的星间链路全网测试技术

星间链路是我国自主导航系统的重要技术支撑,基于相控阵天线的并发空分时分双工(CSTDD,concurrent spatial time division duplexing)组网体制为星间链路的实现提供了一种可行途径,该体制通过指向性天线形成窄波束切换指向来实现对整个空域的复用,通过单条链路半双工方式工作实现卫星之间的双向通信,从而实现整个星间链路采用同一频点。在全星座组网未完成的情况下如何对星间网络的全网性能进行有效测试是一个技术难题;星间链路全网测试技术旨在利用星间链路CSTDD体制的特点,利用单台地面站设备,对星间链路CSTDD体制的全网性能进行测试;详细介绍了星间链路CSTDD体制的特点,提炼出了星间链路的测试需求;并根据CSTDD体制特点,依托单台地面站设备,组成星间链路测试设备;产生指定数量的虚拟卫星,和空中的被测试卫星组成星间链路网络,完成了星间链路物理链路、测量数据、通信数据的测试,为组建我国自主导航系统提供了技术支撑。

AFDX协议性能分析及调度算法研究

本文围绕航空电子网络数据传输协议AFDX的关键技术——虚电路调度算法,进行了深入分析,提出了AFDX静态优先级队列调度算法AVLSP.运用Network Calculus理论与方法,对AVLSP算法进行理论证明,并构建仿真平台,对所提出的AVLSP调度算法进行仿真验证,结果证明AVLSP调度算法有效地减少了紧急数据的最大延迟抖动,较好地满足了航空电子网络数据传输的实时性要求.

基于BP神经网络的DSS焊接应力和收缩变形预测研究

针对川东造船厂化学品船建造中使用特种钢——2205双相不锈钢(DSS),在其焊接试验的基础上分别建立了双相不锈钢焊接应力和收缩变形的BP神经网络预测模型,并与多元线性回归方法进行比较,较好地模拟了焊接残余应力和变形与板厚、焊接电流、电弧电压、焊接速度等工艺参数之间的非线性关系。预测结果表明,BP神经网络比多元线性回归在预测精度和泛化能力上都有很大的提高。