Fiber optic monitoring of an anti-slide pile in a retrogressive landslide

Anti-slide piles are one of the most important reinforcement structures against landslides,and evalu-ating the working conditions is of great significance for landslide mitigation.The widely adopted analytical methods of pile internal forces include cantilever beam method and elastic foundation beam method.However,due to many assumptions involved in calculation,the analytical models cannot be fully applicable to complex site situations,e.g.landslides with multi-sliding surfaces and pile-soil interface separation as discussed herein.In view of this,the combination of distributed fiber optic sensing(DFOS)and strain-internal force conversion methods was proposed to evaluate the working conditions of an anti-sliding pile in a typical retrogressive landslide in the Three Gorges reservoir area,China.Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry(BOTDR)was utilized to monitor the strain distri-bution along the pile.Next,by analyzing the relative deformation between the pile and its adjacent inclinometer,the pile-soil interface separation was profiled.Finally,the internal forces of the anti-slide pile were derived based on the strain-internal force conversion method.According to the ratio of calculated internal forces to the design values,the working conditions of the anti-slide pile could be evaluated.The results demonstrated that the proposed method could reveal the deformation pattern of the anti-slide pile system,and can quantitatively evaluate its working conditions.

Centrifuge and numerical modeling of h-type anti-slide pile reinforced soil-rock mixture slope

Due to the loose structure,high porosity and high permeability of soil-rock mixture slope,the slope is unstable and may cause huge economic losses and casualties.The h-type anti-slide pile is regarded as an effective means to prevent the instability of soilrock mixture slope.In this paper,a centrifuge model test was conducted to investigate the stress distribution of the h-type anti-slide pile and the evolution process of soil arching during the loading.A numerical simulation model was built based on the similar relationship between the centrifuge model and the prototype to investigate the influence factors of the pile spacing,anchored depth,and crossbeam stiffness,and some recommendations were proposed for its application.The results show that the bending moment distribution of the rear pile exhibits Wshaped,while for the front pile,its distribution resembles V-shaped.The soil arching evolution process during loading is gradually dissipated from bottom to top and from far to near.During the loading,the change of bending moment can be divided into three stages,namely,the stabilization stage,the slow growth stage,and the rapid growth stage.In engineering projects,the recommended values of the pile spacing,anchored depth,and crossbeam stiffness are 4.0d,2.0d,and 2.0EI,where d and EI are the diameter and bending stiffness of the h-type anti-slide pile respectively.

Pre-Stressed Rope Reinforced Anti-Sliding Pile

Pre-stressed rope reinforced anti-sliding pile is a composite anti-sliding structure. It is made up of pre-stressed rope and general anti-sliding pile. It can bring traditional anti-sliding pile＇s retaining performance into full play, and to treat with landslide fast and economically. The difference between them is that the pre-stressed rope will transfix the whole anti- sliding pile through a prearranged pipe in this structure. The working mechanics, the design method and economic benefit are studied. The results show that the pre-stressed rope reinforced anti-sliding pile can treat with the small and middle landslides or high slopes well and possess the notable advantage of technology and economic.

Anchoring Depth Research of Anti-Slide Piles of Anchor Bar in Soil

The model test result of earth force in the side of anti-slide pile of anchor bars was introduced.There are three groups of the tests.The loads were on the back side of the slope in two groups.The other one was loaded just behind the pile by the jack.In order to get the force of the soil,some earth-pressure boxes were used to get the earth pressure on the side of the piles.The part of the max pressure and the earth pressure was mainly focused under the slip line

Shaking table test for reinforcement of soil slope with multiple sliding surfaces by reinforced double-row anti-slide piles

Despite the continuous advancements of engineering construction in high-intensity areas,many engineering landslides are still manufactured with huge thrust force,and double-row piles are effective to control such large landslides.In this study,large shaking table test were performed to test and obtain multi-attribute seismic data such as feature image,acceleration,and dynamic soil pressure.Through the feature image processing analysis,the deformation characteristics for the slope reinforced by double-row piles were revealed.By analyzing the acceleration and the dynamic soil pressure time domain,the spatial dynamic response characteristics were revealed.Using Fast Fourier Transform and half-power bandwidth,the damping ratio of acceleration and dynamic soil pressure was obtained.Following that,the Seism Signal was used to calculate the spectral displacement of the accelerations to obtain the regional differences of spectral displacement.The results showed that the overall deformation mechanism of the slope originates from tension failure in the soil mass.The platform at the back of the slope was caused by seismic subsidence,and the peak acceleration ratio was positively correlated with the relative pile heights.The dynamic soil pressure of the front row piles showed an inverted"K"-shaped distribution,but that of the back row piles showed an"S"-shaped distribution.The predominant frequency of acceleration was 2.16 Hz,and the main frequency band was 0.7-6.87 Hz;for dynamic soil pressure,the two parameters became 1.15 Hz and 0.5-6.59 Hz,respectively.In conclusion,dynamic soil pressure was more sensitive to dampening effects than acceleration.Besides,compared to acceleration,dynamic soil pressure exhibited larger loss factors and lower resonance peaks.Finally,back row pile heads were highly sensitive to spectral displacement compared to front row pile heads.These findings may be of reference value for future seismic designs of double-row piles.

Experimental study on seismic reinforcement of bridge foundation on silty clay landslide with inclined interlayer

A shaking table test for a bridge foundation reinforced by anti-slide piles on a silty clay landslide model with an inclined interlayer was performed.The deformation characteristics of the bridge foundation piles and anti-slide piles were analyzed in different loading conditions.The dynamic response law of a silty clay landslide with an inclined interlayer was summarized.The spacing between the rear anti-slide piles and bridge foundation should be reasonably controlled according to the seismic fortification requirements,to avoid the two peaks in the forced deformation of the bridge foundation piles.The“blocking effect”of the bridge foundation piles reduced the deformation of the forward anti-slide piles.The stress-strain response of silty clay was intensified as the vibration wave field appeared on the slope.Since the vibration intensified,the thrust distribution of the landslide underwent a process of shifting from triangle to inverted trapezoid,the difference in the acceleration response between the bearing platform and silty clay landslide tended to decrease,and the spectrum amplitude near the natural vibration frequency increased.The rear anti-slide piles were able to slow down the shear deformation of the soil in front of the piles and avoid excessive acceleration response of the bridge foundation piles.

模拟酸雨侵蚀环境下悬臂抗滑桩耐久性极限寿命预测

为构建长期荷载及酸雨侵蚀耦合作用下悬臂抗滑桩耐久性极限寿命准则及服役寿命预测模型,通过开展酸雨单独侵蚀、弯拉荷载及酸雨耦合侵蚀作用下的混凝土中性化试验,构建了混凝土中性化深度多因素时程演化模型;其次通过修正混凝土中性化残量计算模型建立了抗滑桩桩身钢筋初锈时间模型;进一步结合现有钢筋锈蚀速率模型提出了抗滑桩耐久性极限寿命准则及服役寿命预测模型;最后基于控制变量法对桩体材料、桩体施工、外部环境及外部荷载等因素进行了参数研究。结果表明:弯拉荷载及酸雨侵蚀耦合作用下混凝土中性化深度与侵蚀时间、应力水平、模拟酸液酸度均呈正相关,混凝土中性化深度时变演化过程符合三阶段模式;利用所建悬臂抗滑桩耐久性极限寿命预测模型获得的预测值比易丽云建立的模型及黄新朋建立的模型预测值分别长17.52 a及12.47 a,所建模型具有较好的适用性,预测结果更为经济合理且符合工程实际;悬臂抗滑桩服役寿命与桩身混凝土保护层厚度、桩身混凝土强度、施工质量及外部侵蚀溶液pH值成正比,与桩身混凝土水灰比、桩身滑面处应力水平成反比。该研究结果对酸雨侵蚀作用下悬臂抗滑桩服役寿命评估具有重要的科学指导意义及实用价值。

大口径PHC管桩混凝土的耐久性试验及工程应用研究

研究了单掺、复掺超细粉煤灰(UFA)、超细矿粉(UMP)、硅灰(SF)对大口径PHC管桩混凝土耐久性的影响,优选出了最佳配合比,并在此基础上,考虑生产经济性,通过优化养护制度,制备了PHC1000AB130管桩。结果表明:当m水泥∶mUMP∶mSF=36∶5∶9、水胶比为0.28时,混凝土耐久性能最佳,其氯离子迁移系数为0.4×10-12 m2/s,280次干湿循环后混凝土抗硫酸盐耐蚀系数为0.85,混凝土抗渗等级达到P20;采用上述配合比生产的PHC1000AB130管桩,施工过程中平均贯入度为0.7~0.8 cm/击,沉桩过程中桩头、桩身均未破损,沉桩效果良好。

不同养护方式下高强混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能研究

为探求养护方式对高强混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响,本研究通过RCM法和电通量法对比研究了实际工程中最为常见的三种养护方式(标准养护、蒸汽养护、高温蒸压养护)生产的高强混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能。研究结果表明:相同组分混凝土氯离子迁移系数与电通量呈正相关;相比于标准养护下的高强混凝土,蒸汽养护和高温蒸压养护下的混凝土氯离子迁移系数同比分别增长了365.4%和61.5%,电通量同比分别增长了317.8%和110.7%;相互印证标准养护混凝土抗氯离子性能最好,高温蒸压养护混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能介于标准养护和蒸汽养护之间。

预制管桩在近海公路桥梁桩基础中的应用——以福清G324新厝公路桩板梁桥为例

预制管桩因承载力高、施工速度快等优点,在房建等工程基础中得到广泛应用,然而在公路桥梁中应用较少,此阻碍其进一步发展。因此,结合福建省某近海公路桥梁预制管桩应用的工程实例,从桩基础选型、设计、承载力及施工要点分析等进行探讨。结果表明,预制管桩相对于灌注桩,在承载力、经济性及施工等方面更具有优越性;近海环境下可考虑加大保护层厚度、改进桩身材料、采用免蒸养工艺、优化桩间连接等措施改善管桩耐久性;提出的植桩工法单桩竖向承载力计算方法是可行的,且计算结果富余较大。

沿海环境下预应力混凝土管桩耐久性寿命预测

通过预应力混凝土管桩所处沿海环境水样和土样的试验结果,确定其所在环境类别和作用等级,然后结合预应力混凝土管桩氯离子含量、28 d氯离子渗透系数和JTS 153—2015《水运工程结构耐久性设计标准》中关于耐久性寿命预测模型关键参数的取值规定,实现采用JTS 153—2015《水运工程结构耐久性设计标准》中的寿命预测模型对既定工况下预应力混凝土管桩耐久性进行寿命预测的目的,最终判定预应力混凝土管桩是否满足设计使用年限要求。结果表明:预应力混凝土管桩在既有工况下,采用JTS 153—2015《水运工程结构耐久性设计标准》规定的方法计算得出其耐久性寿命预测值为67.75年,满足设计使用年限50年的要求。

Dynamic response of a slope reinforced by double-row antisliding piles and pre-stressed anchor cables

Large-scale shaking table tests were conducted to study the dynamic response of a slope reinforced by double-row anti-sliding piles and prestressed anchor cables. The test results show that the reinforcement suppressed the acceleration amplification effectively. The axial force time histories are decomposed into a baseline part and a vibration part in this study. The baseline part of axial force well revealed the seismic slope stability, the peak vibration values of axial force of the anchor cables changed significantly in different area of the slope under seismic excitations. The peak lateral earth pressure acting on the back of the anti-sliding pile located at the slope toe was much larger than that acting on the back of the anti-sliding pile located at the slope waist. The test results indicate an obvious load sharing ratio difference between these two anti-slide piles, the load sharing ratio between the two anti-sliding piles located at the slope toe and the slope waist varied mainly in a range of 2-5. The anti-slide pile at the slope waist suppressed the horizontal displacement of the slope surface.

Shaking Table Tests on Bridge Foundation Reinforced by Antislide Piles on Slope

Based on the requirement of seismic reinforcement of bridge foundation on slope in the Chengdu-Lanzhou railway project,a shaking table model test of anti-slide pile protecting bridge foundation in landslide section is designed and completed. By applying Wenchuan seismic waves with different acceleration peaks,the stress and deformation characteristics of bridge pile foundation and anti-slide pile are analyzed,and the failure mode is discussed. Results show that the dynamic response of bridge pile and anti-slide pile are affected by the peak value of seismic acceleration of earthquake,with which the stress and deformation of the structure increase. The maximum dynamic earth pressure and the moment of anti-slide piles are located near the sliding surface,while that of bridge piles are located at the top of the pile. Based on the dynamic response of structure,local reinforcement needs to be carried out to meet the requirement of the seismic design. The PGA amplification factor of the surface is greater than the inside,and it decreases with the increase of the input seismic acceleration peak. When the slope failure occurs,the tension cracks are mainly produced in the shallow sliding zone and the coarse particles at the foot of the slope are accumulated.

3-D Simulation Study on Seismic Response of Bridge Piles in Landslide

The anti-slide support structure is widely used in the anti-seismic reinforcement of bridge foundations,but related experimental research was processing slowly. Based on the prototype of the Jiuzhaigou bridge at the Chengdu-Lanzhou Railway,a 3-D simulation model was established on the basis of the shaking table model test,and the rationality of the dynamic analysis model was verified by indicators such as the bending moment of the bridge piles,peak soil pressure,and PGA amplification factors. The results show that the inertia force of the bridge pier has an important influence on the deformation of the pile foundation. The bending moment and shearing force are larger in lateral bridge piles,and the maximum value is near the pile top. The PGA amplification factor is stronger in the back of the rear anti-slide piles and so is it in front of the bridge pier,and the soil is prone to slip and damage. The bedrock is rigid and the dynamic response is maintained at a low level. The anti-slide piles in the rear row play a major role in the anti-seismic reinforcement design,and the anti-slide piles in the front row can be used as an auxiliary support structure.

基于阳极梯传感器的高桩码头耐久性监测研究

为了获取沿海高桩码头结构的耐久性能参数,基于阳极梯传感器在天津港一新建高桩码头设计部署了结构耐久性监测(SDM)系统,用于钢筋混凝土结构的耐久性监测。通过监测数据分析可知,阳极之间的电阻随环境温度的升高而降低,随环境温度的降低而升高;阳极梯传感器会受到温度和湿度的共同影响,导致传感器的某些阳极相对于阴极的电流出现异常,导致误判钢筋脱钝的情况。因此,需要结合电流、电压、电阻、温度等监测数据综合确定阳极的极化状态,不能简单地仅靠电流值来确定。

混凝土结构耐久性的公路桥梁变形安全控制方法

在公路桥梁建设过程中,受混凝土材料特性的影响,桥梁变形问题频发,因此提出考虑混凝土结构耐久性的公路桥梁变形安全控制方法设计。公路桥梁建设项目实施时,按照合适的比例添加再生骨料,完成再生混凝土的配制,为工程质量提供基础材料保障;以钻孔注浆的方式为主,设计桥梁桩基加固方案。通过倒拆分析法,构建施工参数计算模型;根据施工参数的实时变化,调整实际施工要求,从而实现公路桥梁变形安全控制。结果表明:在实际公路桥梁建设过程中,设计方法中的应用,使后续检测结果中桥梁裂缝情况大幅度减少,且桥梁最高沉降数据为8 mm,沉降速率约为0.17 mm/d,均在安全范围之内,提升了公路桥梁变形安全控制效果。

盐渍土环境下GFRP复合桩耐久性能研究

玻璃纤维增强复合材料(Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer,GFRP)由于其轻质高强和耐腐蚀性强的优点被广泛应用于抗震加固、结构补强、海洋防腐等实际工程中。GFRP复合桩是将GFRP布粘贴在普通钢筋混凝土桩(RC桩)桩身的一种桩型,它具有提高结构承载性能、改善结构耐久性以及抵御环境侵蚀的能力。为探究桩身包裹GFRP布对桩基耐久性能的影响,同时也为了更好的模拟自然环境下的侵蚀效果,利用人工配置的盐渍土,通过电加速快速腐蚀试验和室内模型试验,考虑腐蚀离子与电流耦合作用,研究盐渍土通电加速环境中GFRP复合桩耐久性能。结果表明,盐渍土介质中的腐蚀规律与自然环境下的腐蚀规律相符合,证明利用盐渍土代替溶液进行电加速腐蚀试验是可行的;同一腐蚀时期的RC桩腐蚀程度要明显高于GFRP复合桩,说明包裹GFRP布对抗侵蚀发挥重要作用,明显提高了桩基在复杂环境下的使用寿命。未腐蚀前,RC桩和GFRP复合桩的竖向承载力为5.7 kN和5.9 kN,腐蚀90 d后,RC桩和GFRP复合桩的竖向承载力为4.1 kN和5.3 kN,GFRP复合桩的承载力损失更小。

黄河三角洲改性含盐水泥土搅拌桩耐久性研究

通过室内试验,研究了黄河三角洲含盐水泥土的劣化规律以及粉煤灰和矿渣微粉对其劣化的抑制效应,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对劣化机理及外加剂的改性机理进行了分析.结果表明:地下盐水环境对黄河三角洲水泥土有较强的腐蚀作用,其90,180d龄期的抗压强度分别降低了18.5%,21.6%;掺加粉煤灰对黄河三角洲含盐水泥土的早期强度不利,但其后期强度会持续增加;掺加矿渣微粉对黄河三角洲含盐水泥土强度有明显的提升作用,并对其劣化有显著的抑制作用.为防止黄河三角洲含盐水泥土劣化,工程中建议用粉煤灰和矿渣微粉等质量替代60%的水泥,而且矿渣微粉掺量不少于40%.

预应力混凝土管桩耐久性问题探讨

随着预应力混凝土管桩应用范围的日益扩大,其耐久性问题显得越来越突出,现有的研究过多集中在单一影响因素,且缺少系统的研究。文中提出了工程中预应力混凝土管桩的耐久性问题及处理措施,分析了影响耐久性的因素,探讨了多因素综合作用下的耐久性研究方法,为进一步研究解决耐久性问题奠定了基础。

盐渍土环境下钻孔灌注桩混凝土配合比优选及耐久性

为优选硫酸盐与氯盐共存的盐渍土环境下桩基混凝土配合比方案,以普通钻孔灌注桩混凝土、高抗硫水泥复合大掺量矿物掺合料混凝土、普硅水泥复合大掺量矿物掺合料的高性能混凝土及添加防腐剂的高性能混凝土等4种混凝土为研究对象,研究了4种混凝土的抗硫酸盐侵蚀能力和抗氯离子侵蚀能力。结果表明:普通钻孔灌注桩混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀能力较强,但其抗氯离子侵蚀能力难以满足耐久性要求;高抗硫水泥复合大掺量矿物掺合料混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀能力较强,但其抗氯离子侵蚀能力一般;普硅水泥复合大掺量矿物掺合料的高性能混凝土同时具有优异的抗硫酸盐侵蚀能力和抗氯离子侵蚀能力;在高性能中添加防腐剂,在一定程度上降低了混凝土的耐久性。高性能钻孔灌注桩混凝土是一种适合盐渍土环境的耐久性高、经济成本低廉的混凝土。