Commercial farming of anuran species that are declining in the wild raises a need to discriminate wild from farmed frogs.We hypothesized wild frogs might have extended hindlimbs due to greater frequency or intensity o...Commercial farming of anuran species that are declining in the wild raises a need to discriminate wild from farmed frogs.We hypothesized wild frogs might have extended hindlimbs due to greater frequency or intensity of jumping relative to farmed frogs,highlighting a morphometric approach to discrimination of wild from farmed frogs using hindlimb length.In the present study,Dybowski's frog(Rana dybowskii) was used to test this hypothesis.We measured body mass(Mb) and hindlimb length(Lh) of 2-year old farmed frogs and wild frogs aged 2 to 5 years.Dybowski's frog demonstrated significant dimorphism in Mb and Lh.Mb was significantly greater among farmed 2-year old frogs in both sexes(p=0.000),while only among females was Lh significantly greater for wild frogs(p=0.000).Lh/Mb was used as an index for origin discrimination to eliminate the influence of Mb due to variation of husbandry conditions among farms.Mean Lh/Mb for farmed frogs was significantly lower than for wild frogs(p=0.000) in the 2-year old age class.Discrimination correctly classified 84.4% of farmed and 96.3% of wild male frogs.Among females,92.9% of farmed frogs and 90.1% wild frogs were correctly classified.The overall correctness of classification was 92.1% and 90.8% for males and females,respectively.However,Lh/Mb revealed variation with age,resulting in reduced discriminative power for frogs ≥3 years old.We introduced a coefficient Ce to adjust the Lh/Mb of frogs ≥3 years to the level equivalent to 2-year frogs.The adjustment achieved 89.5% for overall correctness of origin for wild males and 92.4% for wild females ≥3 years old.These results show that Lh/Mb is an effective index to discriminate wild from farmed Dybowski's frog.Since the physical demands of jumping are common among anurans,this index is also potentially applicable to other anuran species.展开更多
[ Objective] To understand the overwintering of Rana dybowskii under four overwintering modes in northern Guangdong's mountainous areas. [Method] The overwintering management of Rana dybowskii was performed under fou...[ Objective] To understand the overwintering of Rana dybowskii under four overwintering modes in northern Guangdong's mountainous areas. [Method] The overwintering management of Rana dybowskii was performed under four overwintering modes which were outdoor overwintering in water-land, outdoor overwintering in water, indoor overwintering in dryness, and indoor overwintering in freezer, respectively. The time, temperature and overwintering status were recorded. The Rana dybowskii in each group was weighed before and after overwintering, and the body weight loss and the survival rate were calculated. [ Result] Under the outdoor overwintering in water-land, outdoor overwintedng in water, indoor overwintering in dryness, and indoor overwintering in freezer, the survival rate of Rana dybowskii was 40.0%, 41.5%, 82.0% and 84.5%, respectively. [Conclusion] The temperature, overwintering mode and fatness are the important factors affecting the safe overwintering of Rana dybowskii in northern Guangdong.展开更多
Identifying the mechanism for sex determination in amphibians is challenging.Very little is known about sex determination mechanisms of Rana dybowskii,a species of importance to evolutionary and conservation biology.W...Identifying the mechanism for sex determination in amphibians is challenging.Very little is known about sex determination mechanisms of Rana dybowskii,a species of importance to evolutionary and conservation biology.We screened for sex-linked molecular markers in R.dybowskii in China using target region amplification polymorphism with 2 fixed primers against the sequences of Dmrt1.We found 2 male-linked molecular markers in R.dybowskii,which were 222 bp and 261 bp long.The detection rates of 222 bp marker in males form Xinglong,Huadian,and Dandong were 93.79%,69.64%,and 13.64%,respectively,while the rate in females from Huadian was 27.50%.Besides,the detection rates of 261 bp marker in the above 3 regions were only observed in males at the rate of 93.79%,87.50%,and 32.73%,respectively.The inheritance patterns of sex-linked molecular markers showed that the 2 sex-linked molecular markers were heterozygous.Compared to the XY-male parent,progeny from XX-pseudo-male parent possessed lower sex reversal ratio at the same rearing temperature,and the proportion of female froglets from an XX-pseudo-male parent was more than 95%at low rearing temperature(15°C).Our findings suggest that R.dybowskii displays male heterogamety,and the 2 sex-linked molecular markers may have a guiding significance for the protection and utilization of R.dybowskii.展开更多
Anuran skin is a typical natural biomaterial with multifunctional features.A specific comparison of mechanical performance and morphology related to them was performed in the skin of Rana dybowskii and Bufo gargarizan...Anuran skin is a typical natural biomaterial with multifunctional features.A specific comparison of mechanical performance and morphology related to them was performed in the skin of Rana dybowskii and Bufo gargarizans using the tensile testing technique and morphological equipment.Rana dybowskii's skin has soft smooth surface covered by polygonal epidermal cells,while the Bufo gargarizans species has tough and uneven skin surface due to numerous verrucae structures.The collagen fibre bundles in lower dermis of Bufo gargarizans have wavelike organisation while the bundles of Rana dybowskii show a parallel arrangement.The mean elastic modulus of Rana dybowskii was nine times higher than that of Bufo gargarizans.This study clarified that the arrangement of collagen fibres play an important role in the strength and elasticity of skin material.展开更多
【目的】研究新疆裸重唇鱼(Gymnodiptychus dybowskii)仔鱼的饥饿耐受能力及最佳投喂时间,为其仔鱼培育提供理论参考。【方法】采用试验生态学方法,在水温15.2~16.4℃条件下,研究新疆裸重唇鱼仔鱼在饥饿胁迫下的形态发育、生长及存活率...【目的】研究新疆裸重唇鱼(Gymnodiptychus dybowskii)仔鱼的饥饿耐受能力及最佳投喂时间,为其仔鱼培育提供理论参考。【方法】采用试验生态学方法,在水温15.2~16.4℃条件下,研究新疆裸重唇鱼仔鱼在饥饿胁迫下的形态发育、生长及存活率等的变化,通过记录饥饿组仔鱼每日的初次摄食率,测定其不可逆点(Point of no return,PNR)。【结果】新疆裸重唇鱼仔鱼7日龄开口摄食,12~13日龄卵黄囊消失,混合营养期5~6 d。仔鱼开口时初次摄食率仅为5%,11日龄达到初次摄食率的最大值100%;17日龄后下降至50%,到达PNR,仔鱼具有初次摄食能力的时间为10 d。9日龄前,两组仔鱼全长无显著差异(P>0.05),12日龄后饥饿组仔鱼全长与对照组有显著差异(P<0.05),饥饿组仔鱼负增长并出现生理性萎缩。饥饿组仔鱼进入PNR后,因饥饿出现身体扭曲、畸形,死亡率逐渐升高,至25日龄死亡率达100%。【结论】在水温15.2~16.4℃下,新疆裸重唇鱼具有一定的耐受饥饿能力,其仔鱼最佳投喂时间为11日龄。展开更多
基金supported by the Project of Tackling Key Problems of Science and Technology of Heilongjiang Province, China (GB06B205-3)Program of Wildlife Conservation and Breeding of State Forestry Administration of China (2008)Special Fund for Postgraduate Dissertation of Northeast Forestry University (2009)
文摘Commercial farming of anuran species that are declining in the wild raises a need to discriminate wild from farmed frogs.We hypothesized wild frogs might have extended hindlimbs due to greater frequency or intensity of jumping relative to farmed frogs,highlighting a morphometric approach to discrimination of wild from farmed frogs using hindlimb length.In the present study,Dybowski's frog(Rana dybowskii) was used to test this hypothesis.We measured body mass(Mb) and hindlimb length(Lh) of 2-year old farmed frogs and wild frogs aged 2 to 5 years.Dybowski's frog demonstrated significant dimorphism in Mb and Lh.Mb was significantly greater among farmed 2-year old frogs in both sexes(p=0.000),while only among females was Lh significantly greater for wild frogs(p=0.000).Lh/Mb was used as an index for origin discrimination to eliminate the influence of Mb due to variation of husbandry conditions among farms.Mean Lh/Mb for farmed frogs was significantly lower than for wild frogs(p=0.000) in the 2-year old age class.Discrimination correctly classified 84.4% of farmed and 96.3% of wild male frogs.Among females,92.9% of farmed frogs and 90.1% wild frogs were correctly classified.The overall correctness of classification was 92.1% and 90.8% for males and females,respectively.However,Lh/Mb revealed variation with age,resulting in reduced discriminative power for frogs ≥3 years old.We introduced a coefficient Ce to adjust the Lh/Mb of frogs ≥3 years to the level equivalent to 2-year frogs.The adjustment achieved 89.5% for overall correctness of origin for wild males and 92.4% for wild females ≥3 years old.These results show that Lh/Mb is an effective index to discriminate wild from farmed Dybowski's frog.Since the physical demands of jumping are common among anurans,this index is also potentially applicable to other anuran species.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Program Projects of Guangdong Province (2007B020805002)the Combination Projects of Production,Teaching & Research of Ministry of Education of Guangdong Province(2008B090500122)
文摘[ Objective] To understand the overwintering of Rana dybowskii under four overwintering modes in northern Guangdong's mountainous areas. [Method] The overwintering management of Rana dybowskii was performed under four overwintering modes which were outdoor overwintering in water-land, outdoor overwintering in water, indoor overwintering in dryness, and indoor overwintering in freezer, respectively. The time, temperature and overwintering status were recorded. The Rana dybowskii in each group was weighed before and after overwintering, and the body weight loss and the survival rate were calculated. [ Result] Under the outdoor overwintering in water-land, outdoor overwintedng in water, indoor overwintering in dryness, and indoor overwintering in freezer, the survival rate of Rana dybowskii was 40.0%, 41.5%, 82.0% and 84.5%, respectively. [Conclusion] The temperature, overwintering mode and fatness are the important factors affecting the safe overwintering of Rana dybowskii in northern Guangdong.
基金funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M690577)the Post-Doctoral Fund of Heilongjiang Province(No.LBH-Z20113).
文摘Identifying the mechanism for sex determination in amphibians is challenging.Very little is known about sex determination mechanisms of Rana dybowskii,a species of importance to evolutionary and conservation biology.We screened for sex-linked molecular markers in R.dybowskii in China using target region amplification polymorphism with 2 fixed primers against the sequences of Dmrt1.We found 2 male-linked molecular markers in R.dybowskii,which were 222 bp and 261 bp long.The detection rates of 222 bp marker in males form Xinglong,Huadian,and Dandong were 93.79%,69.64%,and 13.64%,respectively,while the rate in females from Huadian was 27.50%.Besides,the detection rates of 261 bp marker in the above 3 regions were only observed in males at the rate of 93.79%,87.50%,and 32.73%,respectively.The inheritance patterns of sex-linked molecular markers showed that the 2 sex-linked molecular markers were heterozygous.Compared to the XY-male parent,progeny from XX-pseudo-male parent possessed lower sex reversal ratio at the same rearing temperature,and the proportion of female froglets from an XX-pseudo-male parent was more than 95%at low rearing temperature(15°C).Our findings suggest that R.dybowskii displays male heterogamety,and the 2 sex-linked molecular markers may have a guiding significance for the protection and utilization of R.dybowskii.
文摘Anuran skin is a typical natural biomaterial with multifunctional features.A specific comparison of mechanical performance and morphology related to them was performed in the skin of Rana dybowskii and Bufo gargarizans using the tensile testing technique and morphological equipment.Rana dybowskii's skin has soft smooth surface covered by polygonal epidermal cells,while the Bufo gargarizans species has tough and uneven skin surface due to numerous verrucae structures.The collagen fibre bundles in lower dermis of Bufo gargarizans have wavelike organisation while the bundles of Rana dybowskii show a parallel arrangement.The mean elastic modulus of Rana dybowskii was nine times higher than that of Bufo gargarizans.This study clarified that the arrangement of collagen fibres play an important role in the strength and elasticity of skin material.
文摘【目的】研究新疆裸重唇鱼(Gymnodiptychus dybowskii)仔鱼的饥饿耐受能力及最佳投喂时间,为其仔鱼培育提供理论参考。【方法】采用试验生态学方法,在水温15.2~16.4℃条件下,研究新疆裸重唇鱼仔鱼在饥饿胁迫下的形态发育、生长及存活率等的变化,通过记录饥饿组仔鱼每日的初次摄食率,测定其不可逆点(Point of no return,PNR)。【结果】新疆裸重唇鱼仔鱼7日龄开口摄食,12~13日龄卵黄囊消失,混合营养期5~6 d。仔鱼开口时初次摄食率仅为5%,11日龄达到初次摄食率的最大值100%;17日龄后下降至50%,到达PNR,仔鱼具有初次摄食能力的时间为10 d。9日龄前,两组仔鱼全长无显著差异(P>0.05),12日龄后饥饿组仔鱼全长与对照组有显著差异(P<0.05),饥饿组仔鱼负增长并出现生理性萎缩。饥饿组仔鱼进入PNR后,因饥饿出现身体扭曲、畸形,死亡率逐渐升高,至25日龄死亡率达100%。【结论】在水温15.2~16.4℃下,新疆裸重唇鱼具有一定的耐受饥饿能力,其仔鱼最佳投喂时间为11日龄。