Effect of Blasting Stress Wave on Dynamic Crack Propagation

Stress waves affect the stress field at the crack tip and dominate the dynamic crack propagation.Therefore,evaluating the influence of blasting stress waves on the crack propagation behavior and the mechanical characteristics of crack propagation is of great significance for engineering blasting.In this study,ANSYS/LS-DYNA was used for blasting numerical simulation,in which the propagation characteristics of blasting stress waves and stress field distribution at the crack tip were closely observed.Moreover,ABAQUS was applied for simulating the crack propagation path and calculating dynamic stress intensity factors(DSIFs).The universal function was calculated by the fractalmethod.The results show that:the compressive wave causes the crack to close and the reflected tensile wave drives the crack to initiate and propagate,and failure mode is mainly tensile failure.The crack propagation velocity varies with time,which increases at first and then decreases,and the crack arrest occurs due to the attenuation of stress waves and dissipation of the blasting energy.In addition,crack arrest toughness is smaller than the crack initiation toughness,applied pressure waveforms(such as the peak pressure,duration,waveforms,wavelengths and loading rates)have a great influence on DSIFs.It is conducive to our deep understanding or the study of blasting stress waves dominated fracture,suggesting a broad reference for the further development of rock blasting in engineering practice.

Propagation and Coalescence of Blast-Induced Cracks in PMMA Material Containing an Empty Circular Hole Under Delayed Ignition Blasting Load by Using the Dynamic Caustic Method

In this paper,dynamic caustic method is applied to analyze the blast-induced crack propagation and distribution of the dynamic stress field around an empty circular hole in polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)material under delayed ignition blasting loads.The following experimental results are obtained.(1)In directional-fracture-controlled blasting,the dynamic stress intensity factors(DSIFs)and the propagation paths of the blast-induced cracks are obviously influenced by the delayed ignition.(2) The circular hole situated between the two boreholes poses a strong guiding effect on the coelesence of the cracks,causing them to propagate towards each other when cracks are reaching the circular hole area.(3)Blast-induced cracks are not initiated preferentially because of the superimposed effect from the explosive stress waves on the cracking area.(4) By using the scanning electron microscopy(SEM)method,it is verified that the roughness of crack surfaces changes along the crack propagation paths.

THEORY ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENT STUDY ON THE FRACTURE PROPAGATION UNDER BLASTING LOAD

This paper theoretically analyzed and discussed the fractures’ initiation, propagation and arrest of grooved borehole blasting under the function of explosion, and provided the optimistic values of blasting parameters. The stress intensity factor and velocity of crack propagation were measured through dynamic caustics measuring system.

Dynamic response of water-rich tunnel subjected to plane P wave considering excavation induced damage zone

The stability analysis of a deep buried tunnel subjected to dynamic disturbance is an important issue.In this study,the transient response has been obtained by establishing a water-rich tunnel model considering excavation damage zone(EDZ).Based on Biot’s two-phase dynamic theory and wave function expansion method,the analytical solution of dynamic response around the water-rich tunnel containing EDZ subjected to P wave is derived.Moreover,Fourier transform and Duhamel’s integral technique is introduced to calculate the transient response,and the equivalent blasting curve is adopted to input excitation function.The dimensionless parameters thickness N and shear modulus ratio lare defined to characterize the degree of damage in the surrounding rock,investigating the influencing factors,such as the parameters and the incident source frequencies.The results indicate that the dynamic stress concentration factor(DSCF)gradually decreases as the dimensionless parameters increase.Additionally,it is observed that the DSCF is more sensitive to changes in the thickness parameter N.Finally,the influence of the waveform parameters has been taken into account in the analysis of transient response,and the stress state and transfer process in each time stage of the EDZ are analyzed.This study establishes a theoretical foundation for comprehending the mechanical behavior and support design considerations associated with a deep-buried water-rich tunnel containing EDZ.

Rock fracture mechanism of buffer blasting with cushion layer at the borehole bottom

This study primarily investigates the rock fracture mechanism of bottom cushion layer blasting and explores the effects of the bottom cushion layer on rock fragmentation.It involves analyses of the evolution patterns of blasting stress,characteristics of crack distribution,and rock fracture features in the specimens.First,blasting model experiments were carried out using the dynamic caustics principle to investigate the influence of bottom cushion layers and initiation methods on the integrity of the bottom rock mass.The experimental results indicate that the combined use of bottom cushion layers and inverse initiation effectively protects the integrity of the bottom rock mass.Subsequently,the process of stress wave propagation and dynamic crack propagation in rocks was simulated using the continuum-discontinuum element method(CDEM)and the Landau explosion source model,with varying thicknesses of bottom cushion layers.The numerical simulation results indicate that with increasing cushion thickness,the absorption of energy generated by the explosion becomes more pronounced,resulting in fewer cracks in the bottom rock mass.This illustrates the positive role of the cushion layer in protecting the integrity of the bottom rock mass.

Dynamic stress concentration of an elliptical cavity in a semi-elliptical hill under SH-waves

The method of wave-function expansion in elliptical coordinates,elliptical cosine half-range expansion and Mathieu function were applied to obtain an exact analytical solution of the dynamic stress concentration factor(DSCF)around an elliptical cavity in a shallow,semi-elliptical hill.An infinite system of simultaneous linear equations for solving this problem was established by substituting the wave expression obtained by the Mathieu function including the standing wave expression of elliptical lining given herein into the boundary condition obtained by the region-matching method.The finite equations system with unknown coefficients obtained by truncation were solved numerically,and the results in the case of an ellipse degenerating into a circle were compared with previous results to verify the accuracy of the method.The effects of different aspect ratios,incident wave angles and aperture ratios on the dynamic stress concentration around the elliptical cavity were described.Some numerical results,when the elliptical hill was changed into a circular one,were analyzed and compared in detail.In engineering,this model can be regarded as a semi-cylindrical hill with an elliptical cylindrical unlined tunnel under the action of SH waves,and the results are significant in aseismic design.

Dynamic Response of Tunnel Structures in Inhomogeneous Medium Under SHWave:Shear Modulus in Quadratic Functional Form

The task of thiswork is to study the scattering of SHwaves by homogeneous tunnel structures in an unbounded inhomogeneous medium.The shear modulus is assumed to be a function of coordinates(x,y).Atwo-dimensional scattering model is established.Selecting different inhomogeneous parameters,the medium has different properties,expressed as a rigid variation.The stress concentration phenomenon of the structure is analyzed for material design.Based on the complex function theory,the expressions of wave field in the tunnel are derived.The stress concentration phenomenon on the tunnel is discussed with numerical examples.The distribution of dynamic stress concentration factor on the inner and outer boundaries is analyzed under different influencing factors.Finally,it is found that the distribution of dynamic stress concentration factor is significantly affected by the inhomogeneous parameters and reference wave numbers of the medium.

Dynamic caustics test of blast load impact on neighboring different cross-section roadways

Using digital laser dynamic caustics experimental system and conducting simulation experiment researched the influence rule of blasting excavation of a new roadway on neighboring existed different cross-section roadways. The experimental results show that the influence of blast load on adjacent roadway has a good relationship with the cross-section of roadway. The expansion distance of precrack existed in circular, arch-wall, rectangular roadway is respectively 1.76, 1.61 and 0 cm under blast load.At the same time, the direct-blast side of rectangular roadway has more obvious damage compared with circular and arch-wall roadway. It explains that plane reflects more stress wave than arc, so that it exerts more tensile failure in the direct-blast side, which leads to less stress wave diffracting to the precrack in the back-blast side. When the precrack extends, higher value dynamic stress intensity factor in circular roadway works longer than that of arch-wall roadway. Indirectly, it explains that plane's weakening function on stress wave is significantly stronger than arc. Stress wave brings about self-evident influence on the upper and bottom endpoints of the rectangular roadway, and it respectively extends 1.03, 2.06 cm along the line link direction of the center of the blasthole and the upper and bottom endpoints on the right wall.

Dynamic anti-plane interaction between an impermeable crack and a circular cavity in an infinite piezoelectric medium

Wave propagation in an infinite elastic piezoelectric medium with a circular cavity and an impermeable crack subjected to steady-state anti-plane shearing was studied based on Green's function and the crack-division technique.Theoretical solutions were derived for the whole elastic displacement and electric potential field in the interaction between the circular cavity and the impermeable crack.Expressions were obtained on the dynamic stress concentration factor(DSCF) at the cavity's edge,the dynamic stress intensity factor(DSIF) and the dynamic electric displacement intensity factor(DEDIF) at the crack tip.Numerical solutions were performed and plotted with different incident wave numbers,parameters of piezoelectric materials and geometries of the structure.Finally,some of the calculation results were compared with the case of dynamic anti-plane interaction of a permeable crack and a circular cavity in an infinite piezoelectric medium.This paper can provide a valuable reference for the design of piezoelectric actuators and sensors widely used in marine structures.

Dynamic Analysis of Nanosized Arbitrary Shape Inclusion under SH Waves

The scattering of shear waves (SH waves) by nano-scale arbitrary shape inclusion in infinite plane is studied by complex variable function theory. Firstly, the governing equation and the relationships between stress and displacement are given by classical elastic theory. Secondly, the arbitrary shape inclusion in the two-dimensional plane is transformed into a unit circle domain by conformal mapping, the incident wave field and the scattered wave field are presented. Next, the stress and displacement boundary conditions are established by considering surface elasticity theory, The infinite algebraic equations for solving the unknown coefficients of the scattered and standing waves are obtained. Finally, the influence of surface effect, non-dimensional wave number, Shear modulus and hole curvature on the dynamic stress concentration factor are analyzed by some examples, the numerical results show that the surface effect weakens the dynamic stress concentration. With the increase of wave number, the dynamic stress concentration factor (DSCF) decreases. Shear modulus and hole curvature have significant effects on DSCF.

爆破扰动高应力巷道围岩力学响应特征研究

为研究深井厚硬顶板采场巷道围岩在高静载和强动载耦合作用下的力学响应,基于相似模拟试验分析原岩应力、采动应力及爆破扰动三阶段的巷道围岩应力场与位移场,结合光纤环向应变场研究巷道围岩破坏特征,探索爆破扰动应力波在不同煤岩体中的传播规律及巷道动力响应机制。研究结果表明:巷道开挖后顶底板卸压明显,两帮产生应力集中区,采动应力阶段应力集中区范围增加50%,爆破后顶板围岩沿垮落角大范围卸压,应力沿巷道左肩窝逆时针逐渐增大;浅部巷道围岩呈现向自由面膨胀–变形,受巷道肩窝处剪切滑移错动影响,锚杆、锚索支护场产生相反的位移量,应力波扰动后,巷道左帮产生拉伸裂纹并与锚杆支护场连成宏观裂纹,裂纹发育高度大于锚杆支护场高度;巷道围岩顶底板呈现明显的张拉破坏特征,左右肩角呈现张拉及剪切复合破坏形式;应力波由小阻抗介质进入大阻抗介质的衰减速度最快,在同种介质中衰减速度次之,由大阻抗介质进入小阻抗介质中应力波峰值反而增大,应力波峰值强度衰减后仍大于巷道顶板极限抗拉强度,导致巷道围岩大变形失稳并产生一定程度的动力响应。基于应力波连续穿过层状岩体理论模型,结合动静载叠加理论,可优化爆破参数从而实现减冲抗冲主被动联合支护。

爆破振动下城市管架型热力管道响应与安全研究

以下穿热力隧道的北京冬奥支线区间隧道爆破为背景,建立热力管道三维动力有限元模型,利用锤击测试试验验证了数值模型的可靠性.在数值模型中输入实测的爆破振动波,研究爆破地震波作用下管架型热力管道动态响应.结果表明:爆破地震波作用下,管道结构的有效应力为45.89 MPa,有效应变仅为0.02%,与重力初始作用时结构应力应变分布保持一致,爆破振动对管道结构的作用效应较小;放大输入地震波5~100倍,管道结构的PPV随之等倍数增大,而最大等效应力和最大等效应变的增幅仅为4.5%左右;提取实测地震波低频成分并施加在管道结构上,并不会引起热力管道的应力和应变大幅度增加,管道材料的等效应力均在50 MPa以下.由此可见,地震波峰值和主频对管道应力应变分布影响均较小。具有波纹管膨胀节的架空管道结构受力均匀,变形协调性和抗震性能较好,因工程爆破振动造成破坏的可能性不大.

渗流—应力耦合下隧道爆破开挖对邻近水坝影响因素分析

为研究隧道爆破施工作用下邻近水库大坝的安全性,以浙江义东高速公路防军隧道出口段麻车坑水库为研究对象,通过理论分析阐述了大坝的振动破坏过程,利用有限元软件MIDAS GTS NX数值模拟的手段,探讨了不同爆破炸药量、爆心距、坝前水位变化对水库大坝稳定性的影响,揭示了水库大坝应力与振速的变化规律,并进一步引入Morris筛选法对各因素的影响程度进行评价分析。研究结果表明,影响水库大坝稳定性控制变量因素的主次关系为炸药量>爆心距>坝前水位;水库大坝的应力峰值与振速峰值随着隧道炸药量的增大、坝前水位的增高、爆心距的减小而增大;隧道爆破施工时,可以采取提前排放库水、控制炸药量及爆心距等方式使水库大坝受到的损伤降到最低,研究结论可为邻近隧道爆破施工水库安全防护提供参考与借鉴。

复杂地质条件下隧道聚能爆破施工技术研究

在百和隧道项目中,根据围岩级别、地质特征、隧道埋深及其地应力和岩爆情况,基于地应力场三维有限差分反演结果,利用聚能水压光面爆破基本原理,通过聚能水压光面爆破聚能管制作工艺,得到其爆破参数。分析断裂破碎带及高地应力围岩爆破效果,对沿线围岩应力和岩爆分别进行评价与预测,确定使用聚能水压爆破方法开挖断层破碎带以及高应力围岩段。聚能水压光面爆破在断层破碎带和高地应力围岩段的炮眼利用率达87%以上,周边眼痕率达90%以上。相比于常规光面爆破,其每循环进尺提升显著,炸药消耗量和最大超挖量降低明显,对中等以上岩爆控制效果良好。

相邻炮孔爆生裂纹相互作用试验研究

为了研究爆炸载荷作用下的相邻炮孔间爆生裂纹相互作用机理,采用新型数字激光动态焦散线试验系统,通过改变炮孔间距,调整药包装药结构,研究了不同间距、不同装药结构下爆生裂纹相向扩展作用机理。结果表明:2炮孔均为普通药包时爆生裂纹随机分布,切缝药包与普通药包相互作用时前期爆生裂纹独立扩展,后期相互吸引互为自由面。2炮孔均为切缝药包相互作用时,炮孔间距较小情况下爆生裂纹在炮孔中心轴线方向贯穿呈“直线型”分布,间距较大时裂纹在炮孔中心轴线方向呈“牵手型”分布。随着炮孔间距增大,裂纹相遇时能量损耗较大,动态应力强度因子峰值和裂纹速度峰值较小,振幅较低,炮孔周围形成的粉碎区面积及次裂纹长度越小,分形维数也越小。

爆破应力波对邻近圆形隧道的动力扰动特征

开挖爆破产生的地震波会诱发邻近隧道的动力响应,威胁邻近地下结构的稳定性。针对爆破应力波引起邻近隧道的质点振动和动应力集中效应,采用数值模拟方法,分析了爆破地震波中的P波对邻近圆形隧道的动力扰动特征。计算结果表明,应力波通过圆洞时,围岩中的主应力方向和动应力集中系数分布形态均与等效静态加载时相似,附加的动应力仅对圆洞洞壁附近围岩的主应力量值产生影响,而对洞壁以外围岩的主应力量值和主应力方向都将产生影响。其次,应力波通过圆洞时还将诱发振动速度集中现象,围岩质点的振动方向与波的传播方向总体一致,其振速集中系数与动应力集中系数的分布特征不同,且其最大值点位置相差约90°,这表明质点振动速度最大的位置并非动应力集中系数最大的位置。另外,圆洞洞壁最大振速集中系数随正则化波数的增加而增大,而最大动应力集中系数随正则化波数的增加而先增大后减小。

爆破地震波作用下隧道围岩动应力集中系数分析

将爆破地震波进行合理近似简化,采用波函数展开法,推导了无限岩石介质中爆破地震波作用下隧道围岩动应力集中系数的表达式,结合具体算例,从理论上定量分析了围岩不同位置上爆破地震波主频和围岩物理力学指标对动应力集中系数的影响。分析结果表明:隧道围岩迎爆侧的动应力集中系数整体上大于背爆侧,动应力集中系数峰值偏向于迎爆侧;在不同主频爆破地震波作用下,动应力集中系数的影响存在最大值;隧道围岩的弹性模量对动应力集中系数的影响较大,而泊松比对动应力集中系数的影响较小。

爆炸荷载对邻近巷道背爆侧裂纹的影响规律

为了探究爆炸应力波对邻近巷道背爆侧隐性裂纹的影响规律,采用爆炸加载透射式动态焦散线系统,进行了试验研究。试验结果表明:在爆炸荷载作用下,邻近巷道围岩中存在裂纹缺陷的背爆侧也成为主要扰动区,且扰动大小与裂纹距巷道距离和裂纹长度有关;当裂纹长度为5 mm,裂纹与巷道间距分别为2,3,4和5 mm时,裂纹扩展过程中动态应力强度因子变化曲线呈现相似的规律,即当裂纹与巷道贯穿后快速增大到第1峰值,然后在峰值上下持续振荡一段时间后减小到0,所不同的是,在峰值上下振荡性变化的持续时间和期间的最大值逐渐减小,最大值依次为1.651,1.572,1.419和1.346 MN/m3/2,这决定了裂纹远端的最终扩展位移对应为25.197,16.378,10.236和5.984 mm,呈逐渐减小的规律;裂纹与巷道间距的存在不仅对裂纹的扩展有一定的延迟作用,而且削弱了作用于裂纹远端的应力波能,并且这种延迟和削弱作用随裂纹与巷道间距的增大逐渐增强。

爆炸应力波作用下层理介质断裂的动焦散实验分析

利用爆炸加载动焦散试验系统,进行了有机玻璃的透射式动焦散试验.记录了含层理介质裂纹扩展的全过程,发现裂纹穿过层理偏移一定距离后继续扩展的现象.给出了爆炸荷载作用下裂纹尖端应力强度因子随时间的瞬态变化曲线.对爆炸应力波在层理介质中引起断裂的机理进行了进一步的研究,讨论了层理对应力波传播的影响.利用应力波传播理论分析,得出层理中裂纹与层理后裂纹产生的机理不同,为层理岩体定向断裂控制爆破研究提供了新方法.

爆破地震波作用下既有圆形隧道衬砌动应力集中系数分析

将爆破地震波进行合理近似简化,采用波函数展开法,推导出无限岩石介质中爆破地震波作用下隧道围岩和衬砌动应力集中系数的表达式。结合具体算例,分析隧道不同位置上爆破地震波主频、隧道几何参数和隧道围岩和衬砌物理力学指标对动应力集中系数的影响。分析结果表明,爆破地震波主振频率对隧道围岩和衬砌中的动应力集中系数(DSCF)影响较大,隧道不同位置和不同方向应力的动应力集中系数随主振频率的变化趋势不同,低主振频率引起的动应力集中系数较大,不利于隧道的抗爆破振动;隧道几何参数对隧道围岩和衬砌内侧切向应力动应力集中系数影响趋势不同;隧道衬砌弹性模量对隧道结构动应力集中系数影响较大,泊松比次之;泊松比较大的隧道围岩具有一定的抗爆破振动作用,但效果有限。