Identification of a Novel Dynamic Red Blindness in Human by Event-related Brain Potentials

Dynamic color is an important carrier that takes information in some special occupations.However,up to the present,there are no available and objective tests to evaluate dynamic color processing.To investigate the characteristics of dynamic color processing,we adopted two patterns of visual stimulus called "onset-offset" which reflected static color stimuli and "sustained moving" without abrupt mode which reflected dynamic color stimuli to evoke event-related brain potentials (ERPs) in primary color amblyopia patients (abnormal group) and subjects with normal color recognition ability (normal group).ERPs were recorded by Neuroscan system.The results showed that in the normal group,ERPs in response to the dynamic red stimulus showed frontal positive amplitudes with a latency of about 180 ms,a negative peak at about 240 ms and a peak latency of the late positive potential (LPP) in a time window between 290 and 580 ms.In the abnormal group,ERPs in response to the dynamic red stimulus were fully lost and characterized by vanished amplitudes between 0 and 800 ms.No significant difference was noted in ERPs in response to the dynamic green and blue stimulus between the two groups (P】0.05).ERPs of the two groups in response to the static red,green and blue stimulus were not much different,showing a transient negative peak at about 170 ms and a peak latency of LPP in a time window between 350 and 650 ms.Our results first revealed that some subjects who were not identified as color blindness under static color recognition could not completely apperceive a sort of dynamic red stimulus by ERPs,which was called "dynamic red blindness".Furthermore,these results also indicated that low-frequency ERPs induced by "sustained moving" may be a good and new method to test dynamic color perception competence.

Design of a widely adjustable electrochromic device based on the reversible metal electrodeposition of Ag nanocylinders

Structural colors resulting from nanostructured metallic surfaces hold a series of advantages compared to conventional chemical pigments and dyes,such as enhanced durability,tunability,scalability,and low consumption,making them particularly promising for preparing color-tunable devices.However,once these structures are fabricated,they are almost all passive devices with static nanostructures and fixed optical properties,limiting their potential applications.Here,by using a specially designed array of ordered SiO2 nanoholes as a deposition template in conjunction with the traditional reversible metal electrodeposition device(RMED),we propose a tunable reflective surface where the color of the surface can be changed as a function of the thickness of the deposited Ag nanoparticles(AgNPs).Simplified manufacturability and a large range of color tunability are achieved over previous reports by utilizing the SiO2 nanohole template,which allows the direct deposition of AgNPs while forming an array structure of Ag nanocylinders.Besides,a further thematic analysis of the physical mechanism in the proposed structure is conducted.The results show that the structural colors induced by the longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)mode can be dynamically tuned from brown to purple via increasing the deposition thickness.Additionally,in combination with SiO2 nanohole templates of varying parameters,a full gamut of colors spanning the entire visible spectrum is achieved,revealing the feasibility of utilizing the properties of the LSPR mode for satisfying various color requirements.We believe that this LSPRbased multicolor RMED design will contribute to the development of full color information displays and light-modulating devices.