MADDPG-D2: An Intelligent Dynamic Task Allocation Algorithm Based on Multi-Agent Architecture Driven by Prior Knowledge

Aiming at the problems of low solution accuracy and high decision pressure when facing large-scale dynamic task allocation(DTA)and high-dimensional decision space with single agent,this paper combines the deep reinforce-ment learning(DRL)theory and an improved Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient(MADDPG-D2)algorithm with a dual experience replay pool and a dual noise based on multi-agent architecture is proposed to improve the efficiency of DTA.The algorithm is based on the traditional Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient(MADDPG)algorithm,and considers the introduction of a double noise mechanism to increase the action exploration space in the early stage of the algorithm,and the introduction of a double experience pool to improve the data utilization rate;at the same time,in order to accelerate the training speed and efficiency of the agents,and to solve the cold-start problem of the training,the a priori knowledge technology is applied to the training of the algorithm.Finally,the MADDPG-D2 algorithm is compared and analyzed based on the digital battlefield of ground and air confrontation.The experimental results show that the agents trained by the MADDPG-D2 algorithm have higher win rates and average rewards,can utilize the resources more reasonably,and better solve the problem of the traditional single agent algorithms facing the difficulty of solving the problem in the high-dimensional decision space.The MADDPG-D2 algorithm based on multi-agent architecture proposed in this paper has certain superiority and rationality in DTA.

Research on the self-defence electronic jamming decision-making based on the discrete dynamic Bayesian network

The manner and conditions of running the decision-making system with self-defense electronic jamming are given. After proposing the scenario of applying discrete dynamic Bayesian network to the decision making with self-defense electronic jamming, a decision-making model with self-defense electronic jamming based on the discrete dynamic Bayesian network is established. Then jamming decision inferences by the aid of the algorithm of discrete dynamic Bayesian network are carried on. The simulating result shows that this method is able to synthesize different targets which are not predominant. In this way, various features at the same time, as well as the same feature appearing at different time complement mutually; in addition, the accuracy and reliability of electronic jamming decision making are enhanced significantly.

Approach of service recovery decision-making based on Bellman dynamic programming

Based on service-oriented architecture（SOA）,a Bellman-dynamic-programming-based approach of service recovery decision-making is proposed to make valid recovery decisions.Both the attribute and the process of services in the controllable distributed information system are analyzed as the preparatory work.Using the idea of service composition as a reference,the approach translates the recovery decision-making into a planning problem regarding artificial intelligence （AI） through two steps.The first is the self-organization based on a logical view of the network,and the second is the definition of evaluation standards.Applying Bellman dynamic programming to solve the planning problem,the approach offers timely emergency response and optimal recovery source selection,meeting multiple QoS （quality of service）requirements.Experimental results demonstrate the rationality and optimality of the approach,and the theoretical analysis of its computational complexity and the comparison with conventional methods exhibit its high efficiency.

Dynamic programming methodology for multi-criteria group decision-making under ordinal preferences

A method of minimizing rankings inconsistency is proposed for a decision-making problem with rankings of alternatives given by multiple decision makers according to multiple criteria. For each criteria, at first, the total inconsistency between the rankings of all alternatives for the group and the ones for every decision maker is defined after the decision maker weights in respect to the criteria are considered. Similarly, the total inconsistency between their final rankings for the group and the ones under every criteria is determined after the criteria weights are taken into account. Then two nonlinear integer programming models minimizing respectively the two total inconsistencies above are developed and then transformed to two dynamic programming models to obtain separately the rankings of all alternatives for the group with respect to each criteria and their final rankings. A supplier selection case illustrated the proposed method, and some discussions on the results verified its effectiveness. This work develops a new measurement of ordinal preferences’ inconsistency in multi-criteria group decision-making （MCGDM） and extends the cook-seiford social selection function to MCGDM considering weights of criteria and decision makers and can obtain unique ranking result.

Study on group air to ground attack-defends hierarchical dynamic decision-making

As to oppositional, multi-objective and hierarchical characteristic of air formation to ground attackdefends campaign, and using dynamic space state model of military campaign, this article establishes a principal and subordinate hierarchical interactive decision-making way, the Nash-Stackelberg-Nash model, to solve the problems in military operation, and find out the associated best strategy in hierarchical dynamic decision-making. The simulating result indicate that when applying the model to air formation to ground attack-defends decision-making system, it can solve the problems of two hierarchies, dynamic oppositional decision-making favorably, and reach preferable effect in battle. It proves that the model can provide an effective way for analyzing a battle,

Dynamic hesitant fuzzy linguistic group decision-making from a reliability perspective

A dynamic hesitant fuzzy linguistic group decisionmaking(DHFLGDM) problem is studied from the perspective of information reliability based on the theory of hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets(HFLTSs). First, an approach is applied to transform the dynamic HFLTSs(DHFLTSs) into a set of proportional linguistic terms to eliminate the time dimension. Second, expert reliability is measured by considering both group similarity and degree of certainty, and an optimization method is employed to quantify the linguistic terms by maximizing the group similarity. Third, through computing the attribute stability as well as its reliability, a combination rule which considers both reliability and weight is proposed to aggregate the information, and then the aggregated grade values and degree of stability are used to make a selection. Finally,the application and feasibility of the proposed method are verified through a case study and method comparison.

Decision-Making Model for Farmer Choosing Land Use Based upon Dynamic Optimization Theory

Using the dynamic optimization theory, we described a decision-making model for farmer choosing land use when there are several different kinds of uses for land. To obtain an empirical model that could be easily applied, decision rules for farmer with a single static expectation were given.

Compounding effects of human activities and climatic changes on coexistence of oasis-desert ecosystems:Prioritizing resilient decision-making for a riskier world

Water-salt balance is critical for the stable coexistence of salt-affected and groundwater-fed oasis-desert ecosystems. Yet, a comprehensive investigation of how soil salinization and groundwater degradation threaten the coexistence of oasis-desert ecosystems is still scarce, especially under the compounding effects of human activities and climatic changes. Here, we assessed the impacts of irrigated agriculture on hydrological regimes in oasisdesert systems, investigated the spatio-temporal variations of soil salinization in irrigated cropland, and evaluated the implications of the interplays of soil salinization and groundwater degradation on the coexistence of oasis-desert ecosystems in northwestern China, based on meaningful modelling approaches and comprehensive measurements over 1995–2020. The results showed that the irrigation return flow coefficient decreased sharply from 0.21 ± 0.09 in the traditional irrigation period to 0.09 ± 0.01 in the water-saving irrigation period. The continuous drop in groundwater tables and significant degradation of groundwater quality are occurring throughout this watershed. The eco-environmental flows are reaching to their limit with watershed closures(i.e.,the drainage from the oasis region into the desert region is being weakened or even eliminated), although these progressions were largely hidden by regional precipitation and streamflow variability. The process of salt migration and accumulation across different landscapes in oasis-desert system is being reshaped, and soil salinization in water-saving agricultural irrigated lands is accelerating with a regional average annual growth rate of18%. The vegetation in this watershed is degrading, and anthropogenic disturbance accelerates this trend. Our results highlight that environmental stress adaptation strategies must account for resilience maintenance to avoid accelerating catastrophic transitions in oasis-desert ecosystems. Determining the optimal oasis scales and formulating the best irrigation management plans are effective and resilient decision-making ways to maintain the coexistence relationship of oasis-desert ecosystem in drylands.

Dynamic capabilities-based strategy innovation： a theoretical framework and empirical studies in Chinese firms

Based on investigations of 112 Chinese firms and studies on foreign leading corporations, a theoretical framework of dynamic capabilities based strategy innovation (SI) is put forward. Several large firms in China winning through SI were studied empirically. This paper complements previous publications on the theories of innovation and strategy. This work's findings will be useful for managers interested in our approach, which highlights the importance of SI and focuses on and points out the major pitfalls in the innovation processes. Implementing the dynamic capabilities based strategy innovation can effectively cultivate and develop core competences of corporations. It is concluded that implementing SI is the only path for Chinese enterprise growth in the intensified competition in the knowledge economy.

The Dynamic Model of Intellectual Capital Creation in Family Business:The Dynamic Capabilities Perspective

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of knowledge and learning as a dynamic capability that leads to competitive advantage in family firms.It further conceptually develops a model showing the relationship between intellectual capital,firm performance,and dynamic capabilities in family firms.This study highlights knowledge accumulation,knowledge integration,knowledge codification,and the preservation of socioemotional wealth(SEW)as a set of dynamic capabilities.Such capabilities allow a family firm to sense and seize business opportunities and gain competitive advantages.Findings from the case applications reveal that family businesses benefit from the accumulation of knowledge through expertise,skills,and employment of non-family members and having family involvement as important strategic assets that lead to increased value in family firms’performance.

Leveraging core capabilities and environmental dynamism for food traceability and firm performance in a food supply chain: A moderated mediation model

This paper develops a moderated mediation model in which the interactive effects of food traceability and environmental dynamism on firm performance are mediated by the core capabilities(operating capabilities and marketing capabilities)in food supply chain context, by invoking the indirect view of organizational learning theory. Our hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regression and bootstrapping methods with a sample of 216 food manufacturing firms in China, and a survey-based, two-informant design was used to collect data. The results revealed that operating and marketing capabilities fully mediate the food traceability-performance link. In addition, environmental dynamism positively moderates the food traceability-core capabilities link. Moreover, it is found that operating and marketing capabilities transform the interactive impacts of environmental dynamism and food traceability into firm performance. Our study offers a fine-grained picture of the essential food traceability-performance link by revealing for the first time that there is an interactive impacts of food traceability and environmental dynamism on firm performance via core capabilities.

Generation of dynamically perfused functional vascular network system within hydrogel using3D bio-printing technology

Introduction:3D bio-printing technology[1-3]（Figure 1）capable of dispensing live cells,soluble factors,and phase-changing hydrogel in a desired pattern,has great potential in creating 3D tissue.However,maintaining the viability of a thick tissue structure during tissue growth and maturation is challenging due to lack of adequate vascular perfusion.In a simple tissue model with

Impact of the synergy between technology management and technological capability on new product development:a system dynamics approach

This paper employs system dynamics to explore how the synergy between technology management and technological capability affects new product development.The results show that the synergy between technology management and technological capability has positive impact on new product development.Moreover, the leading synergy processes between technology management and technological capability in different new product development stages are different.This paper deepens the theoretical understanding of how to achieve new product development, and also provides useful guidance for firms to implement new product development.

The Role of R&D Leverage as a Dynamic Capability in Performance Creation:Evidence from SMEs in Taiwan

This study addresses the role of R&D leverage in SMEs’performance creation.The authors do so by considering SMEs’high resource dependence due to isomorphism.We propose that R&D leverage,with a presence of dynamic capabilities,plays a moderating role in the relation between resource investments and performance.This study,which focused on Taiwan’s SMEs,conducts a questionnaire survey using the hierarchical sampling technique,across various industries and geographic areas in Taiwan.The empirical findings reveal that R&D leverage as an essential leveler in resource management enhances resource advantages.

IDMI Analysis of Regional Low-Carbon Development Based on System Dynamic Simulation

During the decision-making process, especially in multi-disciplinary complex cases, assessment technique is needed to assist policy-makers in making the right decision. Many of such assessment techniques have been developed for policy-makers, but the inevitable subjectivity of policy-makers often becomes the main obstacle in making the right or proper policy. Interlink decision-making index （IDMI） is a newly proposed assessment method with the advantages of being simple to use and having less human interference over other methods, as it does not require a weighting process of each selection criterion. This paper implements IDMI to assist with decision-making in national or regional low-carbon development, using China as a case study. The Chinese government has annotmced its carbon emission reduction target along with other development targets by 2020. Many policy settings can be chosen in order to achieve those targets. The problem is how to determine the best setting and the means by which decision-makers can avoid subjectivity and extremes. A number of policy setting options are generated carefully by a system dynamic model under different policy scenarios. The IDMI demonstrates a perfect way to assist in selecting the ＂best＂ among all the options that can achieve the goals within the acceptable range.

Path Planning of Quadrotors in a Dynamic Environment Using a Multicriteria Multi-Verse Optimizer

Paths planning of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)in a dynamic environment is considered a challenging task in autonomous flight control design.In this work,an efficient method based on a Multi-Objective MultiVerse Optimization(MOMVO)algorithm is proposed and successfully applied to solve the path planning problem of quadrotors with moving obstacles.Such a path planning task is formulated as a multicriteria optimization problem under operational constraints.The proposed MOMVO-based planning approach aims to lead the drone to traverse the shortest path from the starting point and the target without collision with moving obstacles.The vehicle moves to the next position from its current one such that the line joining minimizes the total path length and allows aligning its direction towards the goal.To choose the best compromise solution among all the non-dominated Pareto ones obtained for compromise objectives,the modified Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)is investigated.A set of homologous metaheuristics such as Multiobjective Salp Swarm Algorithm(MSSA),Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer(MOGWO),Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization(MOPSO),and Non-Dominated Genetic Algorithm II(NSGAII)is used as a basis for the performance comparison.Demonstrative results and statistical analyses show the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed MOMVO-based planning method.The obtained results are satisfactory and encouraging for future practical implementation of the path planning strategy.

Dynamic probability evaluation of safety levels of earth-rockfill dams using Bayesian approach

In order to accurately predict and control the aging process of dams, new information should be collected continuously to renew the quantitative evaluation of dam safety levels. Owing to the complex structural characteristics of dams, it is quite difficult to predict the time-varying factors affecting their safety levels. It is not feasible to employ dynamic reliability indices to evaluate the actual safety levels of dams. Based on the relevant regulations for dam safety classification in China, a dynamic probability description of dam safety levels was developed. Using the Bayesian approach and effective information mining, as well as real-time information, this study achieved more rational evaluation and prediction of dam safety levels. With the Bayesian expression of discrete stochastic variables, the a priori probabilities of the dam safety levels determined by experts were combined wfth the likelihood probability of the real-time check information, and the probability information for the evaluation of dam safety levels was renewed. The probability index was then applied to dam rehabilitation decision-making. This method helps reduce the difficulty and uncertainty of the evaluation of dam safety levels and complies with the current safe decision-making regulations for dams in China. It also enhances the application of current risk analysis methods for dam safety levels.

企业数字化能力影响因素分析——以广东省制造业为例

制造业是我国国民经济的重要组成部分,随着新一代信息技术和数字技术的迅猛发展,民众日益增长的智能化需求和数字化市场趋势推动着企业不断探索和构建自身的数字化能力来实现数字化转型,进而获取持续的竞争优势。本文基于动态能力理论和TOE分析框架,以广东省制造业为例,设计了企业数字化能力的研究模型,并提出假设,在对模型和假设的不同影响路径进行实证检验和修正后,分析了组织结构、高层管理者和数字技术能力对广东省制造企业数字化能力构建的作用机理。

中小企业数字化转型的路径探析

加快推动中小企业数字化转型是数字经济发展的重要基础。由于缺乏足够的技术与资源,中小企业数字化转型需依附第三方数字平台完成产品体系、组织结构、业务流程的改造,进而降低成本、提升效率。其数字化转型过程为企业层面的数字技术部分采用、行业层面的数字技术整体融合以及生态层面的数字技术共生发展。但中小企业在数字化转型过程中,还面临数字意识薄弱、转型能力不足、转型资源受限、转型数据欠缺、转型成本过高等诸多困境。中小企业要立足推动数字经济发展的战略要求,从培养动态管理能力、运用轻体量数字平台、提升组织使用信息技术的能力、获得政府外部帮扶及支持等方面创新路径,推动数字化转型。