Desorption hysteresis of coalbed methane and its controlling factors: a brief review

Most coal reservoirs show high gas content with relatively low desorption efficiency,which restricts the efficiency of coalbed methane(CBM)extraction and single-well productivity.This review highlights the desorption hysteresis mechanism and its controlling factors as well as methods and models to reveal desorption hysteresis and potential solutions.Methane adsorption and desorption can be recorded by both gravimetric and volumetric experiments.Although different adsorption models are used,desorption is generally considered with the Langmuir model.Desorption hysteresis is influenced by the petrophysical composition,thermal maturity,pore structure distribution of the coal,reservoir temperature,and moisture and water content.Methods for calculating desorption hysteresis include the area index,hysteresis index and introduction of a hysteresis factor and a hysteresis coefficient.Molecular dynamics simulations of methane desorption are mainly based on theories of kinetics,thermodynamics,and potential energy.The interaction forces operating among coal,water,and methane molecules can be calculated from microscopic intermolecular forces(van der Waals forces).The desorption hysteresis mechanism and desorption process still lack quantitative probe methodologies,and future research should focus on coal wettability under the constraints of liquid content,potential energy adjustment mechanism,and quantitative analysis of methane desorption rates.Further research is expected to reveal the desorption kinetics of methane through the use of the solid–liquid–gas three-phase coupling theory associated with the quantitative analysis of methane desorption hysteresis,thereby enhancing the recovery rate and efficiency of CBM wells.

电场实时加载下煤层气解吸-扩散特性实验研究

为探究电场实时加载下煤层气解吸-扩散特性,揭示电场强化煤层气高效抽采的机理影响特征,设计并研发了可控电场强度下煤层气解吸-扩散实验系统;实验探究了电场加载下煤体的CH4和CO_(2)解吸-扩散变化特征,并通过幂函数扩散模型计算各场强作用下的CH4扩散系数。结果表明:不同吸附质在电场实时加载下煤层气解吸量均得到一定程度提升,但电场对CO_(2)解吸量影响特征更加明显,同时电场能够强化煤体瓦斯的初始解吸速度;与未加电场相比,特征场强为30、60、90 kV/m时CH4初始解吸速率提升了6.9%、15.3%、14.6%,而CO_(2)依次提升了3.4%、6.7%、9.2%;电场加载下煤体CH4幂函数扩散模型能够高度的与实验值相吻合,扩散系数具有随着加载场强的增大而逐渐增大变化特征,电场有利于煤中甲烷的解吸、扩散。

沁水盆地南部煤层气井排采动态过程与差异性

针对沁水盆地南部煤储层变质变形的特点,通过对沁水盆地南部某井组的排水采气动态过程与差异性进行分析,结果表明:井组单井之间气产量变化大,排采效果差异性明显,单井产水能力不一;在煤层气井排采过程中,为防止吐砂和压敏效应,排采强度、制度调整不易过大、过频;在煤层气井排采的不同时期应采用不同的工作制度,在以排水为主的前期排采阶段,排采工作制度以控制动液面为核心来制定,在产气为主的中后期稳定生产阶段,排采工作制度以控制套压(井底流压)为核心来制定;煤层气井生产过程中,在保持一定回压确保煤储层安全的前提下,应尽可能降低套压生产,以利于煤储层平均压力的降低,扩大煤层气的解吸范围,获得高产气。

基于Weibull方程的煤层气动态解吸过程划分

基于Weibull解吸方程,从解吸效率角度出发,给出计算敏感压力、过渡压力以及转折压力的新公式,并结合临界压力将解吸过程详细划分为5个阶段。结合寺河3号煤的实际等温解吸实验数据,分析了不同温度下的Weibull等温解吸方程与Langmuir等温解吸方程差异。温度高时,Weibull等温解吸方程与实验数据更加吻合;分析温度对解吸效率、关键压力的影响,要达到同样的解吸效率,温度越高,需要的压力越小;关键压力随着温度的增大,呈先增大后减小的趋势;在地层初始压力相同时,等温解吸过程中,温度越高,结束解吸的压力越小,可解吸的压力范围越大;在煤层初始压力和煤层气含量一定时,温度越高解吸出来的含气量越多。

多脉冲加载压裂激励作用下的煤层气解吸研究

针对煤层气解吸的研究现状及我国煤层气储层的特点,开展多脉冲加栽压裂激励下的煤层气解吸研究。研究表明:多脉冲加载压裂技术可在煤储层中形成缝网,使地应力得到松弛,降低了储层压力,促进煤层气吸附与解吸的动态平衡向着解吸的方向进行;在压裂药爆燃过程中产生的大量热量可使储层温度升高,加速吸附态的煤层气分子的热运动,增加其逃逸范德华分子力的束缚机率,促进煤层气解吸;燃烧产物CO_2分子可与CH_4分子发生置换作用;应力波的弹性振荡作用可解除裂隙间的堵塞物,降低毛细管作用,从而减小渗流阻力。