本研究旨在建立虾夷扇贝的动态能量收支(Dynamic Energy Budget,DEB)数值模型,为进一步构建北方海域虾夷扇贝养殖容量评估模型奠定基础。根据DEB理论,以水温和叶绿素浓度作为强制函数,基于现场及室内实验收集DEB模型参数,针对桑沟湾养...本研究旨在建立虾夷扇贝的动态能量收支(Dynamic Energy Budget,DEB)数值模型,为进一步构建北方海域虾夷扇贝养殖容量评估模型奠定基础。根据DEB理论,以水温和叶绿素浓度作为强制函数,基于现场及室内实验收集DEB模型参数,针对桑沟湾养殖环境和虾夷扇贝生长的数据,利用STELLA软件构建了虾夷扇贝的DEB模型,以长海县养殖环境和1龄、2龄、3龄虾夷扇贝生长的数据对模型进行验证。模型的模拟结果显示:(1)构建的DEB模型能够很好地模拟虾夷扇贝软体部干重的生长,反映了不同时间的能量分配情况;(2)在桑沟湾,6月1日至9月25日期间水温的限制性强于食物限制;在长海海域,9月15日至次年的6月20日期间食物的限制性强于水温的限制,由此推断,长海海域虾夷扇贝的养殖密度过大,可能超出了海域的养殖容量。另外,敏感性分析结果显示,能量分配系数k以及食物摄食能力参数–最大体表面积吸收率PAM、半饱和常数Xk,对虾夷扇贝生长模拟结果有着较大的影响,例如,PAM提高10%,生长模拟结果可增加13%。因此,这些敏感性较大的参数需要通过室内实验或者现场实验准确测定,谨慎赋值。展开更多
HDS-SPAC,a new soil-plant-atmosphere continuum(SPAC) model,is developed for simulating water and heat transfer in SPAC.The model adopts a recently proposed hybrid dual source approach for soil evaporation and plant tr...HDS-SPAC,a new soil-plant-atmosphere continuum(SPAC) model,is developed for simulating water and heat transfer in SPAC.The model adopts a recently proposed hybrid dual source approach for soil evaporation and plant transpiration partitioning.For the above-ground part,a layer approach is used to partition available energy and calculate aerodynamic resistances,while a patch approach is used to derive sensible heat and latent heat fluxes from the two sources(soil and vegetation).For the below-ground part,soil water and heat dynamics are described by the mixed form of Richards equation,and the soil heat conductivity equation,respectively.These two parts are coupled through ground heat flux for energy transfer,root-zone water potential-dependent stomatal resistance,and surface soil water potential-dependent evaporation for water transfer.Evaporation is calculated from the water potential gradient at soil-atmosphere interface and aerodynamic resistance,and transpiration is determined using a Jarvis-type function linking soil water availability and atmospheric conditions.Some other processes,such as canopy interception and deep percolation,are also considered in the HDS-SPAC model.The hybrid dual-source approach allows HDS-SPAC to simulate heat and water transfer in an ecosystem with a large range of vegetation cover change temporally or spatially.The model was tested with observations at a wheat field in North China Plain over a time of three months covering both wet and dry conditions.The fractional crop covers change from 30% to over 90%.The results indicated that the HDS-SPAC model can estimate actual evaporation and transpiration partitioning and soil water content and temperature over the whole range of tested vegetation coverage.展开更多
We propose a computational model to study the growth and spread of bacterial biofilms on interfaces,as well as the action of antibiotics on them.Bacterial membranes are represented by boundaries immersed in a fluid ...We propose a computational model to study the growth and spread of bacterial biofilms on interfaces,as well as the action of antibiotics on them.Bacterial membranes are represented by boundaries immersed in a fluid matrix and subject to interaction forces.Growth,division and death of bacterial cells follow dynamic energy budget rules,in response to variations in environmental concentrations of nutrients,toxicants and substances released by the cells.In this way,we create,destroy and enlarge boundaries,either spherical or rod-like.Appropriate forces represent details of the interaction between cells,and the interaction with the environment.We can investigate geometrical arrangements and the formation of porous structures.Numerical simulations illustrate the evolution of top views and diametral slices of small biofilm seeds,as well as the action of antibiotics.We show that cocktails of antibiotics targeting active and dormant cells can entirely eradicate a biofilm.展开更多
文摘本研究旨在建立虾夷扇贝的动态能量收支(Dynamic Energy Budget,DEB)数值模型,为进一步构建北方海域虾夷扇贝养殖容量评估模型奠定基础。根据DEB理论,以水温和叶绿素浓度作为强制函数,基于现场及室内实验收集DEB模型参数,针对桑沟湾养殖环境和虾夷扇贝生长的数据,利用STELLA软件构建了虾夷扇贝的DEB模型,以长海县养殖环境和1龄、2龄、3龄虾夷扇贝生长的数据对模型进行验证。模型的模拟结果显示:(1)构建的DEB模型能够很好地模拟虾夷扇贝软体部干重的生长,反映了不同时间的能量分配情况;(2)在桑沟湾,6月1日至9月25日期间水温的限制性强于食物限制;在长海海域,9月15日至次年的6月20日期间食物的限制性强于水温的限制,由此推断,长海海域虾夷扇贝的养殖密度过大,可能超出了海域的养殖容量。另外,敏感性分析结果显示,能量分配系数k以及食物摄食能力参数–最大体表面积吸收率PAM、半饱和常数Xk,对虾夷扇贝生长模拟结果有着较大的影响,例如,PAM提高10%,生长模拟结果可增加13%。因此,这些敏感性较大的参数需要通过室内实验或者现场实验准确测定,谨慎赋值。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50879041 and 50939004)the National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2011BAD25B05)
文摘HDS-SPAC,a new soil-plant-atmosphere continuum(SPAC) model,is developed for simulating water and heat transfer in SPAC.The model adopts a recently proposed hybrid dual source approach for soil evaporation and plant transpiration partitioning.For the above-ground part,a layer approach is used to partition available energy and calculate aerodynamic resistances,while a patch approach is used to derive sensible heat and latent heat fluxes from the two sources(soil and vegetation).For the below-ground part,soil water and heat dynamics are described by the mixed form of Richards equation,and the soil heat conductivity equation,respectively.These two parts are coupled through ground heat flux for energy transfer,root-zone water potential-dependent stomatal resistance,and surface soil water potential-dependent evaporation for water transfer.Evaporation is calculated from the water potential gradient at soil-atmosphere interface and aerodynamic resistance,and transpiration is determined using a Jarvis-type function linking soil water availability and atmospheric conditions.Some other processes,such as canopy interception and deep percolation,are also considered in the HDS-SPAC model.The hybrid dual-source approach allows HDS-SPAC to simulate heat and water transfer in an ecosystem with a large range of vegetation cover change temporally or spatially.The model was tested with observations at a wheat field in North China Plain over a time of three months covering both wet and dry conditions.The fractional crop covers change from 30% to over 90%.The results indicated that the HDS-SPAC model can estimate actual evaporation and transpiration partitioning and soil water content and temperature over the whole range of tested vegetation coverage.
基金This research has been partially supported by the FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia,Innovaci´on y Universidades-Agencia Estatal de Investigacin grants MTM2017-84446-C2-1-R and PID2020-112796RB-C21(AC,RG),by fellowship PRE2018-083807(RG)by the Ministerio de Ciencia,Innovaci´on y Universidades”Salvador de Madariaga”grant PRX18/00112(AC)A.C.thanks R.E.Caflisch for hospitality during a sabbatical stay at the Courant Institute,NYU,and C.S.Peskin for nice discussions and useful suggestions.
文摘We propose a computational model to study the growth and spread of bacterial biofilms on interfaces,as well as the action of antibiotics on them.Bacterial membranes are represented by boundaries immersed in a fluid matrix and subject to interaction forces.Growth,division and death of bacterial cells follow dynamic energy budget rules,in response to variations in environmental concentrations of nutrients,toxicants and substances released by the cells.In this way,we create,destroy and enlarge boundaries,either spherical or rod-like.Appropriate forces represent details of the interaction between cells,and the interaction with the environment.We can investigate geometrical arrangements and the formation of porous structures.Numerical simulations illustrate the evolution of top views and diametral slices of small biofilm seeds,as well as the action of antibiotics.We show that cocktails of antibiotics targeting active and dormant cells can entirely eradicate a biofilm.
