Non-harmonious deformation controlling of gob-side entry in thin coal seam under dynamic pressure

The behavior of gob-side entry under dynamic pressure is totally different from the one driven after the movement of overlying strata above the adjacent coalface goal. The gob-side entry will experience severe roof lateral structural adjustments caused by adjacent coalface mining. Thus the deformation and failure characteristics of narrow coal pillar along the gob should be carefully considered. On the basis of the data of the gob-side entry obtained in a thin coal seam under dynamic pressure, the measures to reinforce the narrow coal pillar are put forward. In addition, the non-harmonious controlling of the rock structures and non-equilibrium gob-side entry deformation is proposed to avoid potential failure. Field practices show that the supporting problems of the gob-side entry under dynamic pressure can be well addressed, which could be used in other similar minin~ cases.

Rock burst mechanism analysis in an advanced segment of gob-side entry under different dip angles of the seam and prevention technology

In order to investigate the frequent occurrences of rock burst in gob-side entry during the mining process of the mining zone No. 7, the mechanical model of main roof of fully-mechanized caving mining before breaking was established by the Winkler foundation beam theory, and the stress evolution law of surrounding rock with different dip angles of the seam during the mining process was analyzed by using FLAC3 D. The results show that: with the dip angle changing from 45° to 0°, the solid-coal side of gobside entry begins to form an L-shaped stress concentration zone at a dip angle of 30°, and the stress concentration degree goes to higher and higher levels. However, the stress concentration degree of the coalpillar side goes to lower and lower levels; the influence range and peak stress of the abutment at the lateral strata of adjacent gob increase with dip angle decreasing and reach a maximum value at a dip angle of 0°, but the tailgate is not affected; the abutment pressure superposition of two adjacent gobs leads to stress concentration further enhancing in both sides of gob-side entry. With the influence of strong mining disturbance, rock burst is easily induced by dynamic and static combined load in the advanced segment of gob-side entry. To achieve stability control similar to that in the roadway, the key control strategy is to reinforce surrounding rock and unload both sides. Accordingly, the large-diameter drilling and high-pressure water injection combined unloading and reinforced support cooperative control technology was proposed and applied in field test. The results of Electromagnetic Emission(EME) and field observation showed that unloading and surrounding rock control effect was obvious.

Surrounding rock control of gob-side entry driving with narrow coal pillar and roadway side sealing technology in Yangliu Coal Mine

Gob-side entry driving can increase coal recovery ratio, and it is implied in many coal mines. Based on geological condition of 10416 working face tailentry in Yangliu Coal Mine, the surrounding rock deformation characteristics of gob-side entry driving with narrow coal pillar is analysed, reasonable size of coal pillar and reasonable roadway excavation time after mining are achieved. Surrounding rock control technology and effective roadway side sealing technology are proposed and are taken into field practice. The results showed that a safer and more efficient mining of working face can be achieved. In addition, results of this paper also have important theoretical significance and valuable reference for surrounding rock control technology of gob-side entry driving with narrow coal pillar under special geological condition.

Control mechanism and technique of floor heave with reinforcing solid coal side and floor corner in gob-side coal entry retaining

Floor heave is the most common convergence in gob-side entry retaining.The paper analyzes the form,process and characteristics of gob-side entry retaining with the comprehensive methods of theoretical analysis,numerical simulation and the field trial.Research results present that bending and folding floor heave is the main factor in the stage of the first panel mining;squeezing and fluidity floor heave plays a great role in the stable stage of gob-side entry retaining;the combination of the former two factors affects mainly the stage of the second mining ahead;abutment pressure is a fundamental contribution to the serious floor heave of gob-side entry retaining,and sides corners of solid coal body are key part in the case of floor heave controlling of gob-side entry retaining.Floor heave of gob-side entry retaining can be significantly controlled by reinforcing sides and corners of solid coal body,and influence rules on the floor heave of gob side entry retaining of sides supporting strength and the bottom bolt orientation in solid coal side are obtained.Research results have been successfully applied in gob-side entry retaining of G20-F23070 face haulage roadway in #2 coal mine of Pingmei Group,and the field observation shows that the proposed technique is an effective way in controlling the floor heave of gob-side entry retaining.

Stability control of gob-side entry retained under the gob with close distance coal seams

In multi-seam mining,the interlayer rock strata between the upper coal seam(UCS)and the lower coal seam(LCS)appear damage and strength weakening after mining the UCS.Ground stability control of the gob-side entry retaining(GER)under the gob with close distance coal seams(CDCS)is faced with difficulties due to little attention to GER under this condition.This paper focuses on surrounding rock stability control and technical parameters design for GER under the gob with CDCS.The floor rock strata damage characteristics after mining the UCS is first evaluated and the damage factor of the interlayer rock strata below the UCS is also determined.Then,a structural mechanics model of GER surrounding rock is set up to obtain the main design parameters of the side-roadway backfill body(SBB)including the maximum and minimum SBB width calculation formula.The optimal SBB width and the water-to-cement ratio of high water quick-setting material(HWQM)to construct the SBB are determined as 1.2 m and 1.5:1.0,respectively.Finally,engineering trial tests of GER are successfully carried out at#5210 track transportation roadway of Xingwu Colliery.Research results can guide GER design under similar mining and geological conditions.

Cable-truss supporting system for gob-side entry driving in deep mine and its application

In order to solve the large deformation controlling problem for surrounding rock of gob-side entry driving under common cable anchor support in deep mine, site survey, physical modeling experiment, numerical simulation and field measurement were synthetically used to analyze the deformation and failure characteristics of surrounding rock. Besides, applicability analysis, prestress field distribution characteristics of surrounding rock and the control effect on large deformation of surrounding rock were also further studied for the gob-side entry driving in deep mine using the cable-truss supporting system. The results show that, first, compared with no support and traditional bolt anchor support, roof cable-truss system can effectively restrain the initiation and propagation of tensile cracks in the roof surrounding rock and arc shear cracks in the two sides, moreover, the broken development of surrounding rock, roof separation and extrusion deformation between the two sides of the roadway are all controlled; second, a prestressed belt of trapezoidal shape is generated in the surrounding rock by the cable-truss supporting system, and the prestress field range is wide. Especially, the prestress concentration belt in the shallow surrounding rock can greatly improve the anchoring strength and deformation resisting capability of the rock stratum;third, an optimized support system of ‘‘roof and side anchor net beam, roof cable-truss supporting system and anchor cable of the narrow coal pillar" was put forward, and the support optimization design and field industrial test were conducted for the gob-side entry driving of the working face 5302 in Tangkou Mine, from which a good supporting effect was obtained.

Failure laws of narrow pillar and asymmetric control technique of gob-side entry driving in island coal face

In allusion to the problems of complex stress distribution in the surrounding rock and deformation failure laws, as well as the difficulty in roadway supporting of the gob-side entry driving in the island coal face, 2107 face in Chengjiao Colliery is researched as an engineering case. Through physical mechanical test of rock, theoretical and numerical simulation analyses of rock, the analysis model of the roadway overlying strata structure was established, and its parameters quantified. To reveal the deformation law of the surrounding rock, the stability of the overlying strata structure was studied before, during and after the roadway driving. According to the field conditions, the stress distribution in coal pillar was quantified, and the surrounding rock deformation feature studied with different widths of the pillars in gob-side entry driving. Finally, the pillar width of 4 m was considered as the most reasonable. The research results show that there is great difference in support conditions among roadway roof, entity coal side and narrow pillar side. Besides, the asymmetric control technique for support of the surrounding rock was proposed. The asymmetric control technique was proved to be reasonable by field monitoring, support by bolt-net, steel ladder and steel wire truss used in narrow pillar side.

Stability Control of Gob-Side Entry Retaining in Fully Mechanized Caving Face Based on a Compatible Deformation Model

The stability control of gob-side entry retaining in fully mechanized caving face is a typical challenge in many coal mines in China.The rotation and subsidence of the lateral cantilever play a critical role in a coal mine,possibly leading to instability in a coal seam wall or a gob-side wall due to its excessive rotation subsidence.Hence,the presplitting blasting measures in the roof was implemented to cut down the lower main roof and convert it to caved immediate roof strata,which can significantly reduce the rotation space for the lateral cantilever and effectively control its rotation.Firstly,the compatible deformation model was established to investigate the quantitative relationship between the deformation of the coal seam wall and the gob-side wall and the subsidence of the lateral cantilever.Then,the instability judgments for the coal seam wall and gob-side wall were revealed,and the determination method for the optimal roof cutting height were obtained.Furthermore,The Universal Distinct Element Code numerical simulation was adopted to investigate the effect of roof-cutting height on the stability of the retained entry.The numerical simulation results indicated that the deformation of the roadway could be effectively controlled when the roofcutting height reached to 18 m,which verified the theoretical deduction well.Finally,a field application was performed at the No.3307 haulage gateway in the Tangan coal mine,Ltd.,Shanxi Province,China.The field monitoring results showed that the blasting roof cutting method could effectively control the large deformation of surrounding rocks,which provided helpful references for coal mine safety production under similar conditions.

Stability of coal pillar in gob-side entry driving under unstable overlying strata and its coupling support control technique

Considering the situation that it is difficult to control the stability of narrow coal pillar in gob-side entry driving under unstable overlying strata, the finite difference numerical simulation method was adopted to analyze the inner stress distribution and its evolution regularity, as well as the deformation characteristics of narrow coal pillar in gob-side entry driving, in the whole process from entry driving of last working face to the present working face mining. A new method of narrow coal pillar control based on the triune coupling support technique (TCST), which includes that high-strength prestressed thread steel bolt is used to strain the coal on the goaf side, and that short bolt to control the integrity of global displacement zone in coal pillar on the entry side, and that long grouting cable to fix anchor point to constrain the bed separation between global displacement zone and fixed zone, is thereby generated and applied to the field production. The result indicates that after entry excavating along the gob under unstable overlying strata, the supporting structure left on the gob side of narrow coal pillar is basically invalid to maintain the coal-pillar stability, and the large deformation of the pillar on the gob side is evident. Except for the significant dynamic pressure appearing in the coal mining of last working face and overlying strata stabilizing process, the stress variation inside the coal pillar in other stages are rather steady, however, the stress expansion is obvious and the coal pillar continues to deform. Once the gob-side entry driving is completed, a global displacement zone on the entry side appears in the shallow part of the pillar, whereas, a relatively steady fixed zone staying almost still in gob-side entry driving and present working face mining is found in the deep part of the pillar. The application of TCST can not only avoid the failure of pillar supporting structure, but exert the supporting capacity of the bolting structure left in the pillar of last sublevel entry, thus to jointly maintain the stability of coal pillar.

A Flexible-Segment-Model-Based Dynamics Calculation Method for Free Hanging Marine Risers in Re-Entry

In re-entry, the drilling riser hanging to the holding vessel takes on a free hanging state, waiting to be moved from the initial random position to the wellhead. For the re-entry, dynamics calculation is often done to predict the riser motion or evaluate the structural safety. A dynamics calculation method based on Flexible Segment Model （FSM） is proposed for free hanging marine risers. In FSM, a riser is discretized into a series of flexible segments. For each flexible segment, its deflection feature and external forces are analyzed independently. For the whole riser, the nonlinear governing equations are listed according to the moment equilibrium at nodes. For the solution of the nonlinear equations, a linearization iteration scheme is provided in the paper. Owing to its flexibility, each segment can match a long part of the riser body, which enables that good results can be obtained even with a small number of segments. Moreover, the linearization iteration scheme can avoid widely used Newton-Rapson iteration scheme in which the calculation stability is influenced by the initial points. The FSM-based dynamics calculation is timesaving and stable, so suitable for the shape prediction or real-time control of free hanging marine risers.

Comparative Analysis of the Distribution Characteristics of Floor Stress Field between Gob-Side Entry Retaining with Roof Cutting and Conventional Mining

All coal fields in North China are affected by floor confined water to varying degrees, floor failure and water inrush risk have always been a major problem to baffle coal mining activities. Roof cutting and pressure relief and the lack of protective coal pillar can cause the change of floor stress field, leading to the change of the floor failure depth, stress field of floor is the key to determine the depth of floor failure. In order to deeply study the distribution characteristics of floor stress field in gob-side entry retaining mining with roof cutting, taking the 50107 and 50109 working faces of Dongdong Coal Mine in Chenghe as the research objects, the numerical simulation software is used to simulate the floor stress field distribution of gob-side entry retaining mining with roof cutting and conventional mining. The distribution characteristics of the floor stress field of the working face are compared and analyzed under the three modes of conventional mining of reserved coal pillar, the first mining face of gob-side entry retaining with roof cutting and gob-side entry retaining with roof cutting. The results show that the peak stress concentration in front of the working face all occurs at 10 m under the three mining modes. The stress concentration area in front of conventional working face of reserved coal pillar is mainly in the middle of the working face. The stress concentration area in front of the first working face of gob-side entry retaining with roof cutting (50107) is located in the middle of the working face and the side of the working face of the retaining roadway. The stress concentration area of the working face (50109) is mainly in the middle and the two ends of the working face. The order of the peak value of the maximum concentrated stress in front of the working face is conventional working face of reserved coal pillar > the first working face of gob-side entry retaining with roof cutting (50107) > working face of gob-side entry retaining with roof cutting (50109). There is a stress reduction zone behind the working face, but there is a stress concentration phenomenon extending to the outside of the roadway, and the stress distribution is obviously different. Conventional working face of reserved coal pillar and the first working face of gob-side retaining with roof cutting (50107) show a double peak form of stress concentration on the outside of the two ends of the roadway, and the peak value of the concentrated stress at the rear of the working face is in the following order: On the side close to the transportation roadway, conventional working face of reserved coal pillar = the first working face of gob-side entry retaining with roof cutting (50107) > working face of gob-side entry retaining with roof cutting (50109);on the side close to the return airway, conventional working face of reserved coal pillar > the first working face of gob-side entry retaining with roof cutting (50107) > working face of gob-side entry retaining with roof cutting (50109).

A Three-Stage Stochastic Dynamic Pricing Game Model Affected by New Products into the Market

In real-life marketing, a common phenomenon is that the prices of current product will have been cut down even the new product has not gone into market yet. Thus, it is very important for merchant to set the strategy which can make the excepted revenue maximum. So, this paper constructs a three-stage stochastic dynamic pricing game model for analyzing the influence of the uncertainty of entry timing of the new products on pricing of products being sold. By analyzing of the pricing strategy, there are big differences in the predictions of new product going into market between merchant and customers;the merchant will adopt cutting price for promotion strategy to reduce negative influence of the new products on the demand of the products sold now. Otherwise, the merchant will adopt the strategy of maximizing current period’s profit.

Ground response and failure mechanism of gob-side entry by roof cutting with hard main roof

This study is the result of long-term efforts of the authors’team to assess ground response of gob-side entry by roof cutting(GSERC)with hard main roof,aiming at scientific control for GSERC deformation.A comprehensive field measurement program was conducted to determine entry deformation,roof fracture zone,and anchor bolt(cable)loading.The results indicate that GSERC deformation presents asymmetric characteristics.The maximum convergence near roof cutting side is 458 mm during the primary use process and 1120 mm during the secondary reuse process.The entry deformation is closely associated with the primary development stage,primary use stage,and secondary reuse stage.The key block movement of roof cutting structure,a complex stress environment,and a mismatch in the supporting design scheme are the failure mechanism of GSERC.A controlling ideology for mining states,including regional and stage divisions,was proposed.Both dynamic and permanent support schemes have been implemented in the field.Engineering practice results indicate that the new support scheme can efficiently ensure long-term entry safety and could be a reliable approach for other engineering practices.

沿空留巷动压区大直径锚索强支护数值模拟分析

为确保车集煤矿高矿压工作面沿空留巷支护效果,结合工作面实际生产地质条件,采用FLAC^(3D)方法,开展数值模拟,为动压区大直径锚索主动支护方案提供依据。首先分析巷道开挖无支护条件下的围岩应力、位移、塑性破坏区的分布及变化规律;然后分析在支护条件下,2611下巷靠近工作面回采侧采用切顶卸压(切顶10 m)沿空留巷过程中采场矿压显现规律;最后分析采空区上覆岩层稳定过程中,2611下巷超前支护区、沿空留巷段围岩中的应力、塑性破坏区、位移变化和分布规律,为大直径锚索加强主动支护替代单体支护的可靠性提供依据。

入水平衡装置对自平衡多级离心泵吸水室性能影响研究

文章从入水方式着手,以自平衡多级离心泵为研究对象,探究了入水平衡装置对自平衡多级离心泵吸水室性能的影响。将平衡水管中心距入水平衡装置出水口距离与平衡水管直径作为设计变量,基于等间距控制变量法构建5组不同对比方案,利用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法对5组方案外特性、压力分布、速度流线分布以及空化性能进行仿真分析。结果表明:平衡水管的有无、位置与大小均可影响自平衡多级离心泵的扬程与效率,对比方案中,离心泵扬程的极差为2 m,效率的极差为0.27百分点;随着平衡水管中心距入水平衡装置出水口距离l或平衡水管直径d越小时,吸水室中高压区明显增大,而涡流密度明显减小,流线更加平顺;吸水室内所发生的空化区域明显减小,优化后方案的吸水室空泡体积分数最大值为90.91%,较优化前方案的吸水室空泡体积分数最大值降低5.4%。

强动压松软煤体条件下沿空掘巷护巷煤柱尺寸研究

针对强动压松软煤体条件下综采工作面沿空巷道围岩变形量大、稳定性差的难题,本文以赵庄煤矿5328工作面为研究背景,通过理论计算,得到了沿空掘巷煤柱尺寸的留设范围;然后通过建立数值模拟模型对多种宽度煤柱的围岩应力和塑性区进行分析,确定煤柱的合理尺寸为8 m。现场矿压监测结果表明,留设宽度为8 m的煤柱可以满足工作面安全生产要求。

高校“强基计划”动态进出机制的运行方式、存在问题及优化方向

我国自2020年开始在全国试点高校开展“强基计划”,并要求各高校在“强基计划”实施过程中建立科学化、多阶段的动态进出机制。建立“强基计划”动态进出机制能够有效提升高校拔尖创新人才的培养质量,完善高校内部质量保障体系。目前各试点高校已初步建立“强基计划”动态进出机制,主要采取转专业、分流退出和选拔补入三种主要运行方式。在实践过程中各试点高校的动态进出机制仍然存在计划性过强,缺乏科学的理论支撑,对流入和流出学生的后续培养关注不足等问题。为进一步提高“强基计划”动态进出机制的实施效果,建议加快理论生产、增加动态进出机制建立和运行的理论依据,加强相关主体的协同、提高动态进出机制的运行效果,深化实践探索、加快动态进出机制的保障和完善。

基于数值仿真的球体垂直入水空泡演化过程研究

为研究球体垂直入水空泡的演化过程,基于N-S方程、VOF多相流模型及动网格技术,对球体的垂直入水过程开展了数值仿真模拟并进行分析。球体入水初期受到较强的冲击载荷并产生喷溅,球体入水后会产生和大气相连的入水空泡,空泡形成之后,依次经历发展、闭合以及溃灭等演化阶段,空泡受到的周围流体压力是空泡发生深度闭合的主要原因,空泡在闭合后会产生上下两股高速射流。结果表明:数值计算得到的球体垂直入水空泡形态和试验结果吻合良好,验证了仿真的准确性。

基于自主作业的农业机械动态路径规划方法研究

针对无人农场中农机从下田点到初始作业位置以及从终止作业位置到下田点的自主行驶需求,提出了基于自主作业的农业机械动态路径规划方法。该方法将农机行驶路径明确划分为工作路径和非工作路径,并深入阐述了非工作路径中进入路径和退出路径的生成原理。为验证该方法的可行性,选取了4个典型的凸多边形地块进行了实际测试。实验结果表明,所规划的路径完全满足农机自主进入和退出地块的要求,确保了农机在无人农场中的高效、自主作业。

基于CFD的并列超空泡射弹高速斜入水流体动力特性研究

在对水下目标连续、密集的打击过程中常常涉及到多体间的运动干扰和空泡非定常耦合等问题,使得流场结构和运动特性变得复杂。为分析并行超空泡射弹高速入水过程中流场的相互干扰规律,采用CFD方法建立并列弹高速斜入水流体动力特性研究数值模型,同时将并列弹与单个弹的计算结果进行对比,明确并列弹高速入水空泡形态和流场分布与单个弹的差异,并进一步给出弹间干扰特性随并列弹轴线间距的变化规律。计算结果表明:较单个弹入水过程,随着轴线间距的减小,并列弹的流体动力特性变化复杂;当轴线间距增大至G=4时,并列弹的流体动力特性与单个弹差异不再显著。并列弹高速入水时,双空泡形态呈现镜面对称特性,内侧空泡受挤压贴近弹体表面,随轴线间距的增加,空泡间的干扰作用逐渐减弱;高压区和低速区主要存在于射弹头部,且轴线间距较小时,出现高压区重叠现象;随着轴线间距减小,内侧空泡压力、速度分布对空泡演化的影响程度在入水深度较深位置更为明显。由于射弹表面内外侧压差的作用,使射弹姿态产生显著变化,表现为弹头相互排斥,弹尾靠拢。