Effect of distribution shape on the melting transition, local ordering,and dynamics in a model size-polydisperse two-dimensional fluid

We study the effect of particle size polydispersity(δ) on the melting transition(T*), local ordering, solid–liquid coexistence phase and dynamics of two-dimensional Lennard–Jones fluids up to moderate polydispersity by means of computer simulations. The particle sizes are drawn at random from the Gaussian(G) and uniform(U) distribution functions.For these systems, we further consider two different kinds of particles, viz., particles having the same mass irrespective of size, and in the other case the mass of the particle scales with its size. It is observed that with increasing polydispersity,the value of T*initially increases due to improved packing efficiency(φ) followed by a decrease and terminates at δ ≈8%(U-system) and 14%(G-system) with no significant difference for both mass types. The interesting observation is that the particular value at which φ drops suddenly coincides with the peak of the heat capacity(CP) curve, indicating a transition. The quantification of local particle ordering through the hexatic order parameter(Q_6), Voronoi construction and pair correlation function reveals that the ordering decreases with increasing δ and T. Furthermore, the solid–liquid coexistence region for the G-system is shown to be comparatively wider in the T –δ plane phase diagram than that for the U system. Finally, the study of dynamics reveals that polydisperse systems relax faster compared to monodisperse systems;however, no significant qualitative differences, depending on the distribution type and mass polydispersity, are observed.

Research on strategic risk identification method of equipment system development based on system dynamics

Strategic management of equipment system develop-ment must attach importance to effective strategic risk manage-ment.Aiming at the identification of strategic risk of equipment system development,firstly,the source of strategic risk of equip-ment system development is analyzed and classified.Based on this,a causal loop diagram of strategic risk of equipment sys-tem development based on system dynamics is established.The system dynamics analysis software Vensim PLE is used to carry out the risk influencing factors analysis,risk consequences ana-lysis,risk feedback loop identification and corresponding pre-control measures,and achieves a good risk identification effect.

Detecting Dynamics of Hot Topics with Alluvial Diagrams:A Timeline Visualization

Purpose： In this paper, we combined the method of co-word analysis and alluvial diagram to detect hot topics and illustrate their dynamics. Design/methodology/approach： Articles in the field of scientometrics were chosen as research cases in this study. A time-sliced co-word network was generated and then clustered. Afterwards, we generated an alluvial diagram to show dynamic changes of hot topics, including their merges and splits over time. Findings： After analyzing the dynamic changes in the field of scientometrics from 2011 to 2015, we found that two clusters being merged did not mean that the old topics had disappeared and a totally new one had emerged. The topics were possibly still active the following year, but the newer topics had drawn more attention. The changes of hot topics reflected the shift in researchers＇ interests. subdivided and re-merged. For example, several topics as research progressed. Research topics in scientometrics were constantly a cluster involving ＂industry＂ was divided into Research limitations： When examining longer time periods, we encounter the problem of dealing with bigger data sets. Analyzing data year by year would be tedious, but if we combine, e.g. two years into one time slice, important details would be missed. Practical implications： This method can be applied to any research field to illustrate the dynamics of hot topics. It can indicate the promising directions for researchers and provide guidance to decision makers. Originality/value： The use of alluvial diagrams is a distinctive and meaningful approach to detecting hot topics and especially to illustrating their dynamics.

A new heuristics model of simulating pedestrian dynamics based on Voronoi diagram

A new heuristics model based on the Voronoi diagram is presented to simulate pedestrian dynamics with the noncrowded state, in which these mechanisms of preference demand evading and surpassing, microscopic anti-deadlock, and site-fine-tuning are considered. The preference demand describes the willingness determination of detouring or following other pedestrians. In the evading and surpassing mechanisms, in order to achieve a balance between avoiding conflicts and minimizing detour distances, a new pair of concepts: "allow-areas and denial-areas" are introduced to divide the feasible region for pedestrians detour behaviors, in which the direction and magnitude of detour velocity are determined.A microscopic anti-deadlock mechanism is inserted to avoid deadlock problem of the counter-directional pedestrian. A site-fine-tuning mechanism is introduced to describe the behavior of avoiding getting too close to the neighbors in pedestrian movement. The presented model is verified through multiple scenarios, including the uni-or bi-direction pedestrian flow in the corridor without obstacles, the uni-direction pedestrian flow in the corridor with obstacles, and the pedestrian evacuation from a room with single-exit. The simulation results show that the velocity–density relationship is consistent with empirical data. Some self-organizing phenomena, such as lanes formation and arching are observed in the simulation.When pedestrians detour an obstacle, the avoiding area before the obstacle and the unoccupied area after the obstacle can be observed. When pedestrians evacuate through a bottleneck without panic, the fan-shaped crowd can be found, which is consistent with the actual observation. It is also found that the behavior of following others in an orderly manner is more conducive to the improvement of the overall movement efficiency when the crowd moves in a limited space.

Bus frequency optimization in a large-scale multi-modal transportation system:integrating 3D-MFD and dynamic traffic assignment

A properly designed public transport system is expected to improve traffic efficiency.A high-frequency bus service would decrease the waiting time for passengers,but the interaction between buses and cars might result in more serious congestion.On the other hand,a low-frequency bus service would increase the waiting time for passengers and would not reduce the use of private cars.It is important to strike a balance between high and low frequencies in order to minimize the total delays for all road users.It is critical to formulate the impacts of bus frequency on congestion dynamics and mode choices.However,as far as the authors know,most proposed bus frequency optimization formulations are based on static demand and the Bureau of Public Roads function,and do not properly consider the congestion dynamics and their impacts on mode choices.To fill this gap,this paper proposes a bi-level optimization model.A three-dimensional Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram based modeling approach is developed to capture the bi-modal congestion dynamics.A variational inequality model for the user equilibrium in mode choices is presented and solved using a double projection algorithm.A surrogate model-based algorithm is used to solve the bi-level programming problem.

Dynamic graph exploration by interactively linked node-link diagrams and matrix visualizations

The visualization of dynamic graphs is a challenging task owing to the various properties of the underlying relational data and the additional time-varying property.For sparse and small graphs,the most efficient approach to such visualization is node-link diagrams,whereas for dense graphs with attached data,adjacency matrices might be the better choice.Because graphs can contain both properties,being globally sparse and locally dense,a combination of several visual metaphors as well as static and dynamic visualizations is beneficial.In this paper,a visually and algorithmically scalable approach that provides views and perspectives on graphs as interactively linked node-link and adjacency matrix visualizations is described.As the novelty of this technique,insights such as clusters or anomalies from one or several combined views can be used to influence the layout or reordering of the other views.Moreover,the importance of nodes and node groups can be detected,computed,and visualized by considering several layout and reordering properties in combination as well as different edge properties for the same set of nodes.As an additional feature set,an automatic identification of groups,clusters,and outliers is provided over time,and based on the visual outcome of the node-link and matrix visualizations,the repertoire of the supported layout and matrix reordering techniques is extended,and more interaction techniques are provided when considering the dynamics of the graph data.Finally,a small user experiment was conducted to investigate the usability of the proposed approach.The usefulness of the proposed tool is illustrated by applying it to a graph dataset,such as e co-authorships,co-citations,and a Comprehensible Perl Archive Network distribution.

Modular solution of dynamic multiple-phased systems

A new modular solution to the state explosion problem caused by the Markov-based modular solution of dynamic multiple-phased systems is proposed. First, the solution makes full use of the static parts of dynamic multiple-phased systems and constructs cross-phase dynamic modules by combining the dynamic modules of phase fault trees. Secondly, the system binary decision diagram （BDD） from a modularized multiple- phased system （MPS）is generated by using variable ordering and BDD operations. The computational formulations of the BDD node event probability are derived for various node links and the system reliability results are figured out. Finally, a hypothetical multiple-phased system is given to demonstrate the advantages of the dynamic modular solution when the Markov state space and the size of the system BDD are reduced.

Reliability Analysis of Electrical System of CNC Machine Tool Based on Dynamic Fault Tree Analysis Method

The electrical system of CNC machine tool is very complex which involves many uncertain factors and dynamic stochastic characteristics when failure occurs.Therefore,the traditional system reliability analysis method,fault tree analysis(FTA)method,based on static logic and static failure mechanism is no longer applicable for dynamic systems reliability analysis.Dynamic fault tree(DFT)analysis method can solve this problem effectively.In this method,DFT first should be pretreated to get a simplified fault tree(FT);then the FT was modularized to get the independent static subtrees and dynamic subtrees.Binary decision diagram(BDD)analysis method was used to analyze static subtrees,while an approximation algorithm was used to deal with dynamic subtrees.When the scale of each subtree is smaller than the system scale,the analysis efficiency can be improved significantly.At last,the usefulness of this DFT analysis method was proved by applying it to analyzing the reliability of electrical system.

Analysis of the role of branching angle in the dynamic rupture process on a 3-D branching fault system

The fault branching phenomenon,which may heavily influence the patterns of rupture propagation in fault systems,is one of the geometric complexities of fault systems that is widely observed in nature.In this study,we investigate the effect of the branching angle on the rupture inclination and the interaction between branch planes in two-fork branching fault systems by numerical simulation and theoretical analysis based on Mohr’s circle.A friction law dependent on normal stress is used,and special attention is paid to studying how ruptures on the upper and lower branch planes affect the stress and rupture on each other separately.The results show that the two branch planes affect each other in different patterns and that the intensity of the effect changes with the branching angle.The rupture of the lower branch plane has a negative effect on the rupture of the upper branch plane in the case of a small branching angle but has almost no negative effect in the case of a large branching angle.The rupture of the upper branch plane,however,suppresses the rupture of the lower branch plane regardless of whether the branching angle is large or small.

Dynamic phase transition of ferroelectric nanotube described by a spin-1/2 transverse Ising model

The dynamic phase transition properties for ferroelectric nanotube under a spin-1/2 transverse Ising model are studied under the effective field theory(EFT)with correlations.The temperature effects on the pseudo-spin systems are unveiled in three-dimensional(3-D)and two-dimensional(2-D)phase diagrams.Moreover,the dynamic behaviors of exchange interactions on the 3-D and 2-D phase transitions under high temperature are exhibited.The results present that it is hard to obtain pure ferroelectric phase under high temperature;that is,the vibration of orderly pseudo-spins cannot be eliminated completely.

Dynamic Simulation on Surface Hydration and Dehydration of Monoclinic Zirconia

The commonly used oxide-supported metal catalysts are usually prepared in aqueous phase,which then often need to undergo calcination before usage.Therefore,the surface hydration and dehydration of oxide supports are critical for the realistic modeling of supported metal catalysts.In this work,by ab initio molecular dynamics(AIMD)simulations,the initial anhydrous monoclinic ZrO_(2)(111)surfaces are evaluated within explicit solvents in aqueous phase at mild temperatures.During the simulations,all the two-fold-coordinated O sites will soon be protonated to form the acidic hydroxyls(HO_(L)),remaining the basic hydroxyls(HO^(∗))on Zr.The basic hydroxyls(HO^(∗))can easily diffuse on surfaces via the active proton exchange with the undissociated adsorption water(H_(2)O^(∗)).Within the temperatures ranging from 273 K to 373 K,in aqueous phase a certain representative equilibrium hydrated m-ZrO_(2)(¯111)surface is obtained with the coverage(θ)of 0.75 on surface Zr atoms.Later,free energies on the stepwise surface water desorption are calculated by density functional theory to mimic the surface dehydration under the mild calcination temperatures lower than 800 K.By obtaining the phase diagrams of surface dehydration,the representative partially hydrated m-ZrO_(2)(111)surfaces(0.25≤θ<0.75)at various calcination temperatures are illustrated.These hydrated m-ZrO_(2)(111)surfaces can be crucial and readily applied for more realistic modeling of ZrO_(2) catalysts and ZrO_(2)-supported metal catalysts.

Phase diagram and quench dynamics of a periodically drivenHaldane model

We investigate a periodically driven Haldane model subjected to a two-stage driving scheme in the form of a step function.By using the Floquet theory,we obtain the topological phase diagram of the system.We also find that anomalous Floquet topological phases exist in the system.Focusing on examining the quench dynamics among topological phases,we analyze the site distribution of the 0-mode and p-mode edge states in long-period evolution after a quench.The results demonstrate that,under certain conditions,the site distribution of the 0-mode can be confined at the edge even in long-period evolution.Additionally,both the 0-mode and p-mode can recover and become confined at the edge in long-period evolution when the post-quench parameters(T,M_(2) /M_(1))in the phase diagram cross away from the phase boundary (M_(2)/ M_(1))=(6√3t2)/ M_(1)−1.Furthermore,we conclude that whether the edge state is confined at the edge in the long-period evolution after a quench depends on the similarity of the edge states before and after the quench.Our findings reveal some new characteristics of quench dynamics in a periodically driven system.

基于改进动态因果图的湿法冶金浸出过程故障诊断方法研究

针对现有湿法冶金工艺机制复杂和浸出工艺故障诊断方法存在精度较差等问题,研究了用改进的动态因果图诊断湿法冶金浸出工艺故障,主要通过二元区间数对动态因果图进行优化改进,并对条件概率上下限进行加权,实现湿法冶金浸出工艺故障诊断。结果表明:该故障诊断方法相较于常规方法,故障诊断准确率更高,能对浸出工艺的故障进行较准确的诊断。

铸态Cu-1.16Ni-0.36Cr合金热变形行为及热加工图

利用Gleeble-1500型热模拟试验机,研究了Cu-1.16Ni-0.36Cr合金在变形量为50%、变形温度为750~950℃、变形速率为0.01~10 s^(-1)下的热压缩变形行为,建立该合金热变形的本构方程和热加工图。结果表明:Cu-1.16Ni-0.36Cr合金在700~900℃的变形温度下以动态回复为主,在950℃下发生完全的动态再结晶。通过真应力应变曲线得到了该合金热变形的本构方程和热加工图。根据应变对流变应力的影响对本构方程进行修正,通过修正后的回归方程对流变应力进行模拟,模拟结果与实验结果吻合。热加工图表明,该合金适宜的热变形工艺参数为900~950℃和0.1~1 s^(-1),其中950℃和1 s^(-1)变形条件下组织状态最佳,为晶粒细小均匀的等轴晶。

Nonlinear vibration of Timoshenko FG porous sandwich beams subjected to a harmonic axial load

In this study,the instability and bifurcation diagrams of a functionally graded(FG)porous sandwich beam on an elastic,viscous foundation which is influenced by an axial load,are investigated with an analytical attitude.To do so,the Timoshenko beam theory is utilized to take the shear deformations into account,and the nonlinear Von-Karman approach is adopted to acquire the equations of motion.Then,to turn the partial differential equations(PDEs)into ordinary differential equations(ODEs)in the case of equations of motion,the method of Galerkin is employed,followed by the multiple time scale method to solve the resulting equations.The impact of parameters affecting the response of the beam,including the porosity distribution,porosity coefficient,temperature increments,slenderness,thickness,and damping ratios,are explicitly discussed.It is found that the parameters mentioned above affect the bifurcation points and instability of the sandwich porous beams,some of which,including the effect of temperature and porosity distribution,are less noticeable.

基于DEMATEL与系统动力学的隧道施工数字孪生应用效益分析

为推演钻爆法隧道施工数字孪生的应用在成本、效率、质量、安全4方面的投入与效益,分析复杂因素及相互依赖关系,提出一种DEMATEL(决策试行与评价实验室)方法和系统动力学结合的方法,对各方面指标的依赖关系进行解构与建模。首先,确定17个系统动力学模型行为指标与绩效评价指标;其次,采用DEMATEL方法定量分析指标之间的依赖关系和传递作用,并基于综合关系矩阵构建系统动力学模型复因果循环图(causal loop diagram, CLD),以降低系统动力学模型构建的主观性;最后,基于CLD以及云南某隧道实际数据,构建考虑多因素的隧道施工数字孪生效益分析系统动力学模型。结果表明:当机械成本小于7%洞身工程总造价时,施工效率显著下降,传感器与机械投入近似线性提高各项绩效,而信息化投入超过0.9%总造价后存在边界效应。

磁悬浮铣削电主轴时变质量系统动力学模型与切削稳定性分析

磁悬浮电主轴铣削加工时,由时变切屑质量高速旋转产生的时变不平衡离心力,会导致加工表面形成再生颤振。针对这一问题,采用构建稳定性叶瓣图的方法,对铣削系统进行了稳定性预测。首先,分析并建立了动态铣削力、时变不平衡离心力以及主动磁轴承电磁力的数学模型,构建了磁悬浮电主轴铣削加工系统动力学模型;然后,采用全离散化方法得到了铣削加工系统的稳定性叶瓣图;最后,利用MATLAB数值计算平台对系统的切削稳定性进行了分析,得到了时变质量特性以及磁悬浮轴承电磁力对系统切削稳定性的影响规律。研究结果表明:在叶瓣1、叶瓣2、叶瓣3、叶瓣4处,时变系统的极限轴向切深对比定常系统分别下降了0.005 mm、0.010 mm、0.022 mm、0.033 mm,证明时变不平衡离心力会导致系统的切削稳定性降低,并且主轴转速越高,其影响越大;磁轴承力-位移刚度分别为k_(q)=-2×10^(5) N/m、k_(q)=-2×10^(6) N/m、k_(q)=-2×10^(7) N/m时,系统的极限轴向切深分别为0.37 mm、0.55 mm、1.45 mm,证明通过增大磁轴承的力-位移刚度可使系统的切削稳定性得到增强。

Machining dynamics and chatters in micro-milling:A critical review on the state-of-the-art and future perspectives

Micro-milling technology is widely applied in micro manufacturing,particularly for the fabrication of miniature and micro components.However,the chatters and machining dynamics related issues in micro-milling are often the main challenges restricting its machining quality and productivity.Many research works have rendered that the machining dynamics and chatters in micro-milling are more complex compared with the conventional macro-milling process,likely because of the size effect and rigidity of the micro-milling system including the tooling,workpiece,process variables,materials involved,and the high-speed milling machines,and further their collective dynamic effects.Therefore,in this paper,the state of the art focusing on micro-milling chatters and dynamics related issues over the past years are comprehensively and critically reviewed to provide some insights for potential researchers and practitioners.Firstly,typical applications and the problems caused by the machining dynamics and chatters in micro-milling have been put forward in this paper.Then,the research on the underlying micro-cutting mechanics and dynamics,stability analysis,chatters detection,and chatter suppression are summarized critically.Furthermore,the underlying scientific and technological challenges are discussed particularly against typical precision engineering applications.Finally,the possible future directions and trends in research and development of micro-milling have been discussed.

基于充电需求预测的电动汽车充电站选址规划研究

针对目前电动汽车充电站选址规划问题,提出了一种基于充电需求分布预测的充电站选址优化策略。该策略建立了基于Dijkstra最短路径的Voronoi图方法和双层动态排队方法的充电站选址定容模型,来满足电动汽车保有量持续增长下的充电需求;在充电站年均建设、运营成本,配电网惩罚成本以及电动汽车充电成本多目标约束下,得到以电动汽车充电站规划总成本最小化为目标函数。最后基于改进粒子群优化算法求解目标函数,对新增充电站进行多场景实例分析。MATLAB和MATPOWER仿真结果表明,在不同电动汽车保有量的场景下,通过合理规划充电站布局,可以提高电动汽车充电站选址规划的经济性,从而验证了模型的有效性,为充电站的选址规划提供理论依据。

一种测量误码率谱构建眼图的方法

当前生产线上自动化测试设备对高速串行电路接口只能进行通、断、短路传统静态测试,对眼图时域特征动态测试则难以在有限的生产节拍时间内完成。为了在生产线上低成本、快速地完成动态测试,开发了一个多相位、多判决电平的二维误码率统计电路,通过等误码率插值的方法来构建时域眼图。首先分析抖动的不同来源特征,根据双狄拉克模型得到抖动和误码率的关系,Q尺度因子和误码率P的关系,推导出Q-P曲线的切线斜率收敛到随机抖动均方根值σ的倒数。然后通过测量切线斜率求解σ,得到高斯随机抖动的模型。最后根据高斯模型对所有判决电平处的误码率曲线插值,求出二维误码率图谱上的等误码率点,连接这些点绘制眼图的内轮廓线。对高斯函数和眼图仿真数据以及实验测量的误码率数据进行计算分析表明,Q-P曲线斜率插值法在误码率小于10^(-4)以下区域内能够恢复出眼图内轮廓线,可定量地评估眼高、眼宽、幅度、上升下降时间等基本眼图时域参数,相关数据精度误差在10%左右。